1、Unit 1 Great Scientists單元目標單元目標1. 通過了解約翰斯諾、錢學森和尼古拉哥白尼等著名科學家的事跡，學習他們刻苦鉆研、敢為人先的科學探索精神。2. 掌握過去分詞作表語和定語的用法。3. 了解寫人記敘文的文體特點；學習如何撰文介紹自己熟悉的人。單元話題單元話題談論科學家的貢獻以及如何進行科學研究談論科學家的貢獻以及如何進行科學研究主要語法主要語法過去分詞(1)：作定語和表語說寫任務說寫任務描述自己熟悉的人描述自己熟悉的人建議課外建議課外拓展方向拓展方向了解更多世界著名科學家的事跡了解更多世界著名科學家的事跡科學家名言 1 The ideals which have li

2、ghted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully have been kindness, beauty and truth. (Albert Einstein, America)有些理想曾為我引過道路，并不斷給我新的勇氣以欣然面對人生，那些理想就是真、善、美。(美國，愛因斯坦) 2 Imagination is more important than knowledge. (Albert Einstein, America ) 想象力比知識更為重要。 (美國，愛因斯坦)3 Wh

3、ere there is a will, there is a way. ( Thomas Edison, America ) 有志者，事竟成。 (美國，愛迪生) 4 If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. (Thomas Edison, America) 如果你希望成功，當以恒心為良友、以經驗為參謀、以謹慎為兄弟、以希望為哨兵。 (

4、美國，愛迪生)5 Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. (Marie Curie, France) 生活中沒有可怕的東西，只有應去了解的東西。(法國，居里夫人) 6 What a scientist should mind, is how people comment on him after several centuries, rather than words for or against him at that time. (Louis Pasteur, France)一個科學家應該想到的，不是當時人

5、們對他的表揚或者辱罵，而是未來若干世紀后人們怎么評價他。(法國，巴斯德)課文點評 本文通過選取約翰斯諾攻克霍亂的事例，從正面展示了這位著名的醫學家勇于面對挑戰，成功攻克難題的風彩。文章以事情發展的先后順序為線索，語言簡練傳神。第一段便開門見山地提出問題他要面對挑戰、解決問題；段落之間運用了“First”，“Next”等銜接詞來承前啟后，使文章結構緊湊、層次清晰；結尾簡潔，點到即止，鏗鏘有力。 在學習課文時，同學們除了要注意學習其中的好詞佳句外，更應認真領略作者如何通過敘事來塑造人物形象。主旨要義The main idea of this passage is that John Snow fo

6、und out the 1 of the disease called 2 which was a deadly disease in London in the 3 century. With Snows great efforts, the disease was finally under 4 .結構段落 根據課文內容，選擇最佳答案 1 The passage is mainly about _.A. the definition of choleraB. the cause of choleraC. how John Snow defeated cholera D. why chole

7、ra had to be defeated 2 The word “absorb” in Paragraph 2 means _.A. take B. attractC. concentrateD. useCA 3 John Snow didnt believe that _.A. cholera multiplied in the air without reasonB. cholera was spread by germsC. people absorbed cholera into their bodies with their mealsD. people were dead aft

8、er cholera attacked 4 John Snow did some research in several steps EXCEPT _.A. gathering informationB. checking the places where people got waterC. looking into the waterD. repairing the pump handleAD5 According to the passage, which statement is true?A. People knew the cause of cholera before John

9、Snow proved it.B. People who lived in Broad Street all died because of cholera.C. The polluted water carried the disease.D. The water companies were instructed to offer polluted water.C短文填空John Snow, who was a famous doctor, 1 Queen Victoria as her personal 2 _ . In the 19th century,nobody could fin

10、d the cause of cholera, nor the 3 for it. John Snow got interested in two theories. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason. The second suggested that people _ 4 this disease into their bodies with their meals. He _ 5 that the second theory was correct.attendedphysician

11、cureabsorbedsuspected So he gathered 6_ from the severe cholera outbreak and did a lot of research. He also found two other deaths 7 _ to the outbreak. At last he was able to _ 8 : it was the 9_ water that caused the illness. To prevent the cholera from happening again, the water companies were _10

12、to offer clean water. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.instructedinformationlinkedannouncepolluted詞匯巧記 1 對比記憶 2 詞根記憶Warming Up and Pre-Reading 1 characteristic n. 特征；特性What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians? 區別美國人和加拿大人的特征是什么?Carelessness is one of his less attractive ch

13、aracter-istics. 粗心大意是他的一個缺點。【拓展】character n.人物，角色；性格，品質【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空 There are three main_in the movie. Whats the key _ of the leading actor?characteristiccharacters2 put forward 提出(建議，要求，計劃，理論等)Mr. Smith put forward a suggestion at the meeting that we should set up a special department to deal

14、 with emergency. 史密斯先生在會議上提出一個建議，認為我們應該成立一個特別部門來處理突發事件。 【拓展】put up 舉起；建立；搭起；張貼 put away 把收起來；放好put up with 忍受；容忍put off 推遲；延期put out 撲滅；熄滅【即講即練】用上面短語的正確形式填空 Finally, the great fire in London _. Nobody can _ any practical plan on this project and we have to turn to some experts. The football match ha

15、d to _ due to the bad weather. You should _ those books on your desk before you leave.put awaywas put output forwardbe put off3 conclude v. 結束；作結論；推斷出What can you conclude from these observations?你從這些觀察中能得出什么結論？【拓展】conclusion n. 結論；結束【搭配】come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出結論，作出推論From what is said abov

16、e, we can draw a conclusion that teamwork is very important in todays com-petitive society.綜上所述，我們可以得出結論，在當今這個競爭激烈的社會，團隊合作十分重要。【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空 No _ can be drawn until every detail is discussed and checked. So can we _ that only hard work can lead to success? concludeconclusion4 analyse v. 分析，分解，解

17、釋The teacher tried to analyse the cause of our failure.教師設法分析我們失敗的原因。【拓展】analysis n. (pl. analyses) 分析，分析報告His analysis was always shallow.他的分析總是很膚淺的。【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空 He provided a detailed _ of the situation. He carefully _ our plan and promised to help us carry it out. analysedanalysisReading 5

18、defeat 【用法1】v. 打敗；戰勝；使受挫For the first time our football team defeated South Koreas at the very beginning this year.今年年初我國足球隊第一次戰勝了韓國隊。【用法2】n. 失敗Up to now we have had three defeats but never lose heart. 到目前為止，我們已失敗三次了，但絕不能灰心。【辨析】defeat和windefeat用作及物動詞時，后接的賓語多為表示人的名詞或代詞；win用作及物動詞，后面可接比賽、辯論、戰斗或獎項等；作為不及

19、物動詞時表示“獲勝”。【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空 Unexpectedly, the world famous tennis player _ in an important match. We _ at football, but lost at basketball. wonwas defeated6 attend v. 【用法1】看護；照料The prince had a good doctor attending (on) him.王子有一個好醫生在照料他。【用法2】出席，參加attend a meeting/conference 出席/參加會議attend a lectur

20、e 聽講座attend a wedding/funeral參加婚禮/葬禮【搭配】attend to照料；處理I have some urgent business to attend to.我有一些急事要處理。【即講即練】用上面單詞或短語的正確形式填空 The nurse is _ a medical conference this Friday morning. A nurse is _ the diserted baby now. 7 expose vt. (使) 暴露；揭露；使 (膠片) 曝光When he smiled, he exposed a set of perfect whit

21、e teeth. 當他笑的時候，露出一排漂亮潔白的牙齒。He exposed the tricks of the enemy.他揭露了敵人的陰謀詭計。Fortunately, the film hasnt been exposed.幸虧膠片沒有曝光。 attending toattending【搭配】be exposed to 遭受，處于expose sth./sb./oneself to sth. 顯露或暴露某人/物Nowadays, the teenagers are exposed to a virtual world on the Internet.當今的青少年置身于一個虛擬的網絡世界

22、里。Stay at home and dont expose your skin to the sun.留在家里，不要讓你的皮膚在陽光下暴曬。【即講即練】完成句子 All those _ (沾上毒品的) will ruin themselves in the end. He didnt dare _ (揭穿他們的違法行為).to expose their illegal behaviorsexposed to drugs/who are exposed to drugs 8 cure vt. 治愈；治療He says he can cure my toothache/cure me of my

23、 toothache but I still doubt him. 他說能治好我的牙疼，可我還是不相信他。cure n. 治愈；療法；對策The doctor told us that he couldnt guarantee a cure. 醫生告訴我們他無法保證給治好。【拓展】curable adj. 可治愈的incurable adj. 無法治愈的【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空 Though SARS is a serious illness, yet it isnt _. Dont worry too much about your grandma, she will be _

24、soon. The most important thing the local government should do is to find out the practical _ for hunger.cureincurablecured【辨析】cure, treat和heal三個詞都有“治療”的意思。但是treat強調“治療過程”，cure和heal側重“治好”。heal多指治好外傷，而cure側重于治好內科疾病，還可以指糾正社會不良現象或惡習。【即講即練】用上面短語的正確形式填空 Dont disturb the doctor. He is now busy_ the babys w

25、ound in the leg. The nurse is very considerate in _ her patients. You should try your best to _ your sister of her bad habit.curehealingtreating 9 challenge 【用法1】vt. 挑戰；考驗The job doesnt really challenge him.這工作并不能真正地考驗出他的能力。【用法2】n. 挑戰The environmental pollution is the most serious challenge we face

26、today.環境污染是我們今天面臨的最嚴峻的挑戰。【拓展】challenging adj. 具有挑戰性的；困難而有趣的challenger n. 挑戰者【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空 How to face success is also a _ to all of us. Rescue work at such a high altitude is really _. Nobody dared to _ Aristotles idea at that time.challengechallengechallenging10 The first suggested that choler

27、a multiplied in the air. 第一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖。suggest v.常用來表示“建議；提議”，后接賓語從句時用虛擬語氣；此外，還可以表示“表明，暗示”，相當于show/imply，后接賓語從句時則用陳述語氣。He suggested that urgent measures be taken at the moment.(虛擬語氣)他建議即時采取緊急措施。The puzzled look on his face suggested that he didnt understand what I was saying. (陳述語氣)他一臉疑惑，可見不明白我在說

28、什么。【拓展】suggest doing sth. 建議做某事advise v. 建議，勸告advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事advice n. 建議，勸告，忠告suggestion n. 建議【即講即練】改寫句子 Our teacher suggested that we keep a diary in English every day.Our teacher _ _ a _ that we keep a diary in English every day.Our teacher _ _ a diary inEnglish every day.Our teache

29、r _ us _ _ a diary in English every day. His remarks suggested that he was satisfied with our performance. His remarks _/_ that he wassatisfied with our performance.put forwardsuggestionsuggested keepingadvisedto keepshowedimplied11 absorb v.【用法1】吸收Wed better not dress in black in summer because it

30、can easily absorb heat. 我們最好不要在夏天穿黑色衣服，因為這很容易吸熱。Henry is a clever boy and he absorbs knowledge faster than the other boys in his class. 亨利是個聰明的孩子，他吸收知識的速度比同班的其他男孩都要快。【用法2】使并入，吞并Small businesses are absorbed by big ones in the competitive fields. 在競爭激烈的行業中，小公司被大公司吞并。【用法3】使感興趣，沉迷，使專心，吸引The project had

31、 absorbed him for several years.他曾專注于這項工程好幾年。【搭配】be absorbed in 全神貫注于【拓展】absorbed adj. 全神貫注的absorbing adj. 引人入勝的absorption n. 專注；吸收【即講即練】用上面單詞或短語的正確形式填空 Sally _ doing her homework so that she didnt notice me when I came in. My parents are satisfied with my complete_ in study. He was too _ in the foo

32、tball match to hear the phone call. The net game was so _ that he refused to stop for dinner.absorbingwas absorbed inabsorption absorbed12 suspect v. 【用法1】疑有；覺得I strongly suspect that theyre trying to get rid of me. 我強烈感覺到他們試圖擺脫我。【用法2】懷疑(某事物)；不信任I suspect the truth of her statement. 我對她那番話的真實性表示懷疑。【

33、搭配】suspect sb. of. 懷疑某人Whom do the police suspect of the crime? 警方懷疑是誰作的案？【拓展】suspect n. 嫌疑犯，可疑對象suspect adj. 不可靠的；不可信的【即講即練】根據中文提示寫出句子 He is a dishonest person. _ .(他說的是不可靠的) What she said sounded convincing, but they _. (懷疑它是個謊言)suspected it to be a lieWhat he said is suspect13 enquiry n. 【用法1】請求幫

34、助；詢問 (后常跟about)I have been making some enquiries about it. 我一直在打聽這件事情。【用法2】調查；查究 (常與into搭配)We should call for a public enquiry into the case. 我們應該要求公開調查這個案件。【拓展】enquire v. 詢問；打聽 (= inquire)【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空 A customer _ about the price of our new product over there. They have already made _ of all

35、those who are to attend the meeting. enquiriesis enquiring14 severe adj. 【用法1】極為惡劣的，十分嚴重的Wenchuan County suffered severe losses during the earthquake.汶川縣在這次地震中損失慘重。【用法2】嚴厲的；嚴重的Finally, the gangster got a severe punishment.最后那名匪徒受到了嚴懲。15 It seemed that the water was to blame. 看來霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲用水了。It seeme

36、d/seems that. (= sb. seemed/seems to.) 看來，似乎 Tony seems to know the truth. (=It seems that Tom knows the truth.) 看來托尼知道真相。blame vt. 責備；譴責Either he or I am to blame.不是他就是我該受責備。【搭配】blame sb. (for sth.)/ blame sth. on sb. 把某事歸咎于某人The manager blamed him for his carelessness at work. 經理責備他工作粗心大意。be to bl

37、ame (for sth.) 對某事應負責任/應受責備(不能說to be blamed)Who was to blame for the broken glass?誰應該為打碎玻璃的事負責？blame n. 過失；責備You cant put the blame on others.你不該埋怨其他人。【即講即練】用上面單詞或短語的正確形式填空 Is he going to _ for his carelessness? Why do I always get the _? It seemed that the water was to blame. (句型轉換)The water_ . see

38、med to be to blamebe to blameblame16 pollute v. 污染；弄臟I feel it is our duty not to pollute our environment. 我感覺我們有責任不污染我們的環境。【拓展】pollution n. 污染【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空 Today the environmental _ is one of the most severe sufferings that we are experiencing. So we should go all out to stop _ the air and the

39、 water any more.Only in this way will we no longer eat the_ food and drink the _ water. .pollutionpollutingpollutedpolluted17 announce v. 宣布；宣告They announced their engagement in the news-paper. 他們在報紙上宣布了他們訂婚的消息。It is announced that the president will resign next month. 據宣布，總統即將在下個月辭職。【拓展】announcemen

40、t n. 宣布，宣告announcer n. 播音員，廣播員【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空 We waited and waited but no _ was made. When she had finished, the head of the Drama Club _ the part was hers. News came from the _ that we, Class 3 won the relayrace. announcerannouncementannounced18 instruct v. 【用法1】instruct sb. (in sth.) 教授；傳授(技能等)

41、 Mr. Zhang instructed a summer class in history last year. 張老師去年教一個暑期班歷史。【用法2】instruct+wh-；instruct sb. to do sth. 指示；命令；吩咐 They havent instructed us what to do. 他們還未指示我們要做什么。My mother has instructed me to keep the room clean. 媽媽已經吩咐我要保持那房間的干凈。 .【用法3】instruct+that從句 告知，通知We have been instructed that

42、 the meeting will be put off. 我們已獲悉會議將延期舉行。【拓展】instruction n. 說明；須知；教導【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空All the fresh students _ that they have to read the _ very carefully before they do the first experiment in the lab. .instructions are instructedLearning about Language19 contribute v. 【用法1】捐款，捐贈 (多與to連用)The comp

43、any contributed a large sum of money to the Red Cross last year. 去年，該公司捐了一大筆錢給紅十字會。【用法2】 有助于，貢獻 (contribute to)Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health. 大量的新鮮空氣有助于身體健康。【拓展】contribution n. 貢獻，捐獻物contributor n. 捐款者 .【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空 If everyone can make a small _, our society will become more

44、harmonious. If everyone can _ a little, it will be of great help to those homeless children. contributecontribution20 apart from【用法1】除了外(還)in addition toApart from the cost, it will take a lot of time.除了費用，還要花很多時間。【用法2】除了外(都) = except forThe article is well written apart from the last paragraph. 除了最

45、后一段外，這篇文章寫得很好。 .【拓展】in addition to除了之外(還有，包括在內)besides除了之外(還有，包括在內)except (for) 除了之外(不包括在內)except that除了(不包括在內)【即講即練】用上面短語的正確形式填空 He is a very nice player _ he is stubborn sometimes. It has many advantages _ sharpness. apart fromexcept thatUsing Language21 be strict with sb. 對某人嚴格My mother was very

46、strict with me when I was a child. 小時候媽媽對我要求很嚴。【拓展】be strict in sth. / doing sth. 在方面要求嚴格【即講即練】完成句子我們的英語老師對我們非常嚴格，她要求我們應該在作業上嚴格要求自己。Our English teacher_us and she demands that we _ our homework. should be strict in is very strict with us22 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other

47、 planets in the sky make sense. 只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。當only后接副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句位于句首時，句子需要部分倒裝。Only then did I realize that I had made a mistake. 只有在那時，我才意識到自己犯了一個錯誤。【辨析】only if 和 if only only if “只有，只要”，引導條件狀語從句，如果位于句首，句子需要部分倒裝。if only“但愿，要是就好了”，表示強烈的愿望，其后常用虛擬語氣。If only I could fly. 我要是能飛多好啊。Onl

48、y if time permits will I go.(=I will go only if time permits.) 只有時間允許我才會去。make sense 有意義，講得通What he said didnt make sense at all. 他所說的話一點兒意義都沒有。【拓展】make sense of 弄懂的意思make little/no sense 沒道理；沒意義 .【即講即練】用上面短語的正確形式填空 Though I could hardly _ what you said just now, yet the sentence you wrote seems to

49、_ . He has been trying his best to help the girl who is addicted to drugs. However, what hes been doing_, for she cant resist the temptation of drugs. makes little/no sensemake sense ofmake sense23 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the m

50、oon still going round the earth. 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉。【分析】with the planets going round it是with + 賓語 + 賓語補足語的復合結構，在句中作狀語。這一結構的賓語補足語可以是介詞短語、副詞、動詞不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞等。現將其基本形式歸納如下：(1) with + n./pron. + 介詞短語 (2) with + n./pron. +副詞 (3) with + n./pron. +不定式 (4) with + n./pron. + 現在分詞 (5)

51、with + n./pron. + 過去分詞 (6) with + n./pron. + 形容詞【即講即練】完成句子 他被帶了進來，手被反綁著。He was brought in_ . 全部學生都走了，課室的燈還亮著。All the students left, _ . with the lights in the classroom still on with his hands tied back24 enthusiastic adj. 熱情的Kate doesnt know about classical music much, but shes very enthusiastic. 凱

52、特對古典音樂不是很懂，但她很有熱情。【搭配】be enthusiastic about 熱情的；熱心的Tom used to be enthusiastic about stamp collecting. 湯姆曾經對集郵很感興趣。【拓展】enthusiastically adv. 熱情地enthusiasm n. 熱情；熱心【即講即練】用上面單詞或短語的正確形式填空 Jacky Chans performance greatly aroused the _ of the audience. The new president made a speech _ the moment he came

53、 to power. As students we should _ public affairs as well as our own study. be enthusiastic about enthusiasmenthusiastically25 cautious adj. 【搭配】be cautious about/of sb./sth. 小心的；謹慎的He is cautious about making promises. 他對承諾持謹慎態度。We should be cautious of strangers. 我們應該提防陌生人。【拓展】cautiously adv. 謹慎地【

54、辨析】cautious 和 careful兩個形容詞都有“小心的，謹慎的”之意。cautious著重考慮事情的后果，謹慎留意，防止出錯。careful側重做事謹慎、細心，特別注意一些細節地方。【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空 He was very _ in his choice of words, making sure of arousing no dispute. The doctor made a _ examination on the patient and found nothing wrong. careful cautious26 reject v. 【用法1】refus

55、e to accept sb./sth. 拒絕接受某人/某物To our disappointment, our suggestion was rejected by our teacher. 令我們失望的是，我們的建議被老師否決了。【用法2】拋棄，擯棄，剔除All apples with spots were rejected. 所有帶斑點的蘋果都被剔除。【辨析】refuse和reject兩者都有“拒絕”的意思。refuse是普通用詞，一般指“不是委婉而是直接地拒絕”，常接名詞(如offer， request， invitation，permission等)，動詞不定式作賓語或接雙賓語。re

56、ject則語氣強烈，用于正式場合，表示當面明確地拒絕所給、所請或所提議的事。往往只接名詞(如offer，request，suggestion，plan，proposal，application，appeal 等)或代詞作賓語。【即講即練】用上面單詞的正確形式填空 He _ my friendly advice upon further consideration. Some famous film stars _ to pay their income taxes. She received their invitation but she _ it.refusedrejected refus

57、e過去分詞作定語和表語(The Past Participle As the Attributive and Predicative)一、作定語(1) 1 過去分詞作定語，通常表示完成和被動的意義，如：the boiled water 煮開了的水。個別不及物動詞的過去分詞也可作定語，僅表示完成的意義，如：the fallen leaves 落葉。 2 過去分詞作定語時的位置(1) 單個的過去分詞作定語，一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，也叫前置定語。My parents are both retired teachers.我的父母都是退休教師。We needed many more qualified

58、 workers. 我們需要更多有資質的工人。 注意：單個的過去分詞也可以作后置定語，放在被修飾的名詞之后，用以強調動作。They decided to check the names of the people invited.他們決定核對受邀的人名。如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所構成的復合代詞或指示代詞those等時，即使單個的過去分詞作定語，也要放在被修飾詞的后面。Is there anything unsolved? 還有沒解決的問題嗎？(2) 過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾的名詞之后，其作用相當于一個定語從句。 The gir

59、l dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那個女孩是我的女兒。=The girl who is dressed in white is my daughter. 注意：有時過去分詞短語前后可用逗號分開，其作用相當于一個非限制性定語從句。These paintings, exhibited on Sunday, are all collected by Professor Wang. 這些畫 (于周日展出)都是王教授的收藏。(3) 一些過去分詞通常不能單獨用作前置定語，但與某些名詞或副詞構成復合形容詞后，便可放在被修飾的名詞前面，作前置定語。如：a stat

60、e-run company 國營公司；a newly-born baby 新生嬰兒。二、作表語過去分詞作表語時并無“被動”或“完成”之意，而是表示主語的狀態或思想感情等。 1 過去分詞作表語時，總是在連系動詞(如：be，appear，become，get，feel，remain，seem，look等)之后，構成系表結構。He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.當他一想到要幫助那些受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓，他就感到很振奮。His right hand got burnt