1、記敘文n記敘文用于記敘過去發生的事件或經歷，以記敘文用于記敘過去發生的事件或經歷，以寫人、敘事為主要內容。它可以包括歷史，寫人、敘事為主要內容。它可以包括歷史，游記，報道，回憶，故事，瑣事等。游記，報道，回憶，故事，瑣事等。n這樣的文章也要有中心。一般從第一或第三這樣的文章也要有中心。一般從第一或第三人稱角度出發，表達自己或他人的經歷或感人稱角度出發，表達自己或他人的經歷或感受，使讀者對事情十分明了以獲得強烈感受。受，使讀者對事情十分明了以獲得強烈感受。n記敘文通常以一般過去時為主，根據上下文記敘文通常以一般過去時為主，根據上下文用各種時態。用各種時態。記敘文寫作的注意事項記敘文寫作的注意事項

2、一、交代背景一、交代背景文章的開頭應概括地介紹事件發生的 時間、地點、人物以及事件時間、地點、人物以及事件等二、詳略得當二、詳略得當過多不必要的細節會沖淡文章的主題。因此，在細節的選擇上應注意選擇與主題密切相選擇與主題密切相關關 的內容，從而點明文章中心。 三、條理清晰三、條理清晰記敘文一般按照時間順序或空間順序時間順序或空間順序來描述，要求層次清晰、條理清楚。層次清晰、條理清楚。例文 A traffic accident首段：首段：首段概括交代事件發生的時間、地點、人首段概括交代事件發生的時間、地點、人物等信息物等信息 A week ago, I witnessed a traffic ac

3、cident in a rainy day on my way to school, which still sticks in my mind. 例文 A traffic accident中心段：中心段：交待細節，注重在交待細節，注重在how;交待細節時應注意的事項？交待細節時應注意的事項？n過多不必要的細節會沖淡文章的主題。中心段細節描寫練習中心段細節描寫練習請找出下文與主題無關的細節 An accident This afternoon I went out in the country to see my grandparents. After I got out there I de

4、cided to take a short drive. I drove down to East Greenwich, which is about eight miles from Centreville. While coming home I was obliged to follow the railroad for a mile or two. When I had gone about half a mile I heard a terrible whistling ahead of me. On coming near to where the sound came from,

5、 I discovered that an express train had run into the rear end of a freight train. Fortunately no one was seriously hurt, although I heard on man say that he never got shaken up so badly in his life before. The engine of the express train was somewhat disabled, as the cow-catcher was broken and the h

6、ead-light and the smoke-stack were knocked off. No one seemed to know the cause of the accident.例文 A traffic accident中心段：中心段：交待細節，注重在交待細節，注重在how;交待細節時應注意的事項？交待細節時應注意的事項？n過多不必要的細節會沖淡文章的主題。n因此，在細節的選擇上應注意選擇與主題密切選擇與主題密切相關相關的內容，從而點明文章中心。n從首段也可看出從首段也可看出 文章重點在traffic accident和stick in my mind 例文 A traffic

7、accident中心段賞析 It was about 7:00 on Friday morning, (Oct. 31st).（補充說明時間補充說明時間）I was walking through the pedestrian overpass near my school when I was shocked by the screech of a car. （事情的起因事情的起因）I saw a man knocked down by a black car. Soon many cars were jammed there. I got there and found that besi

8、de a black Benz lay a middle-aged man in a pool of blood. （交代一些細節交代一些細節）The street turned chaotic.（事情的大致經過事情的大致經過）After a moment, the police and an ambulance arrived. The victim was instantly sent to the hospital.（事情的結果事情的結果） 注意空間的移動：注意空間的移動：I got there例文 A traffic accident結尾段賞析 結尾段：結尾段：可適當發表一點議論可適當

9、發表一點議論In my opinion, the pedestrian should have taken the overpass when crossing the street. Besides, the driver might have driven too fast, regardless of such bad weather. Anyway, I believe accidents may be avoided if we become aware of the importance of safety.（結尾）（結尾） 記敘文常用句式記敘文常用句式首段：交代主題首段：交代主題

10、n It was the most exciting moment that I have ever experienced.nAll through my senior high school, I couldnt forget nIn the years that followed the event frequently floated in my mind/often recurred to my memory/kept haunting me.nLast week, when I was on my way home something terrible happened.nI qu

11、ickly turned around, just in time to see the whole process of the accident.記敘文常用句式記敘文常用句式首段：交代主題首段：交代主題補充交代時間補充交代時間nThe event took place/happened/occurred in the early morning.nThe whole story happened the (first) day I entered the senior high school.記敘文常用句式記敘文常用句式主體部分：主體部分：（一）作者心理活動的描寫（一）作者心理活動的描寫n

12、I could hardly believe my eyes.nI felt as if I were on top of the world.nI was completely shocked.nI was bursting with joy.記敘文常用句式記敘文常用句式主體部分：主體部分：（二）人物外貌和性格的描寫（二）人物外貌和性格的描寫nHe is of medium height.nHe is good-looking/ordinary-looking.nShe is plump/slim, with fair skin and curly hair.nHe looks handso

13、me in a sports suit/blue jeans.nHe is of mild/bad temper.nAt first glance, you would say he is the perfect image of an obedient boy, but deep down, he is not that way at all.記敘文常用句式記敘文常用句式主體部分：主體部分：（三）物體的描寫（三）物體的描寫nIt comes in a variety of colors/shapes.nIt consists of several integrated parts.nIt i

14、s shaped like a circle.nIt is flat in shape and small in size.nAttached to the bottom is記敘文常用句式記敘文常用句式主體部分：主體部分：（四）景物的描寫（四）景物的描寫nThere is a wonderful array of flowers along the street.nThe air is filled with the scent of roses.nThe trees stood there on guard for generations, with branches reaching o

15、ut like a canopy over the road.nI feel miserably insignificant approaching the mountain.nEven judging by modern standards, the town was large in population.nThe campus has a unique atmosphere.練習一練習一The Day My Classmate Fell Ill）簡單描述這位同學的生病情況；）簡單描述這位同學的生病情況；）同學、老師和我是如何幫助他）同學、老師和我是如何幫助他/她的；她的；）人與人之間的這

16、種互相關愛給我的感受）人與人之間的這種互相關愛給我的感受是是詞匯拓展詞匯拓展n扭傷扭傷 twist ones ankle / give a wrench to ones ankle / sprain ones ankle ones sprained anklen喉嚨疼痛喉嚨疼痛 have a sore throatn痛苦的表情痛苦的表情 an expression of pain Her face was contorted with pain. 她痛她痛得臉都變了樣。得臉都變了樣。n量體溫量體溫 take ones temperaturen輪流照顧某人輪流照顧某人 take care of

17、sb. by turns / take turns at caring sb.n發高燒發高燒 have/run a high fevern健康狀況健康狀況 health / conditionn請假請假 ask for a (sick) leave / ask for a four-day leave / be on sick leave范文一范文一Last year, a terrible flu spread across the whole school.One ofmy classmate, John/Jane Doe, became a victim of it.He/She ran

18、 a high fever, and ordinary medicine didnt work onhim.The news quickly reached everybody in our class. Someclassmates recorded the English lessons for him so that he/she could keep up with his/her studies. Our English teacher called on him/her at the weekends sometimes. With care and help, he/she wa

19、s soon able to be up and about and finally came back to the class.From this event, I learn two things. One is that with love, noillness or difficulty is terrible. The other is that love and help are two-way streets. Our classmates offered John/Jane Doe kind help partly because he/she himself/herself

20、 had always been a helpful person. So I realize that when we help others, we are helping ourselves.范文二范文二In the summer sports meeting last year, one of my classmates, John/Jane Doe, suddenly fell to the ground and hurt her left foot when he/she was practicing high jump. His/Her face turned pale and

21、showed great pain.Seeing this, our classmates immediately came to her aid. They struggled to take her to the temporary emergency room. One boy untied his/her shoe and applied ice rocks to his/her wound. Meanwhile, girls comforted her in a soft voice. Soon the P.E. teacher came. He checked his/her so

22、und and took some emergency measures to lessen her pain. Fifteen minutes later, the ambulance arrived and she was sent to hospital. Luckily enough, with our care and concern, John/Jane Doe recovered quickly.Such an incident impressed everyone present. I realizethat love and care are the best medicin

23、e for an injured person 學生作品中的常見問題學生作品中的常見問題n在敘事時，一般用在敘事時，一般用過去時過去時，但在表述個人觀，但在表述個人觀點時可以用點時可以用現在時現在時。n在敘述部分缺少所對敘述事件的在敘述部分缺少所對敘述事件的結果結果。nLast week, my classmate had a bad cold.不要用不要用或或A,B,C來表示人，可以取一來表示人，可以取一個恰當的名字，或是用個恰當的名字，或是用John Doe或或Jane Doe來表示來表示“某人某人”。大學英語四級記敘文寫作n寫作步驟要求考生寫一篇記敘文，描述事件發生的時間、地點、原因、人

24、物及結果，最后對事件進行簡單分析。對這類題型，通常分為三個步驟來寫：第一段、總結描述。交代清楚故事涉及的人物、時間、地點：主題句；第二段、具體描述。具體描述事件發生的原因、經過和結果：起因經過結果；第三段、對事件的分析n四級中出現的考試題目n2003年6月 An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accidentn2003年9月 The Day My Classmate Fell Illn2003年9月nDirections：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition

25、on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell Ill（or Got Injured). You should write 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1、簡單描述一下這位同學生病的情況；2、同學、老師和我是如何幫助他的； 3、人和人之間的這種相互關愛給我的感受是.nAbout nine Oclock one evening in May, my roommate Li Ming was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having