1、熱力發(fā)電廠課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)老師 :連佳姓名 :陳闊班級(jí) :12-1600MW 凝汽式機(jī)組原則性熱力系統(tǒng)熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性計(jì)算計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)選擇為A3，B2，C11.整理原始數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算點(diǎn)汽水焓值已知高壓缸汽輪機(jī)高壓缸進(jìn)汽節(jié)流損失：p1=4%，中低壓連通管壓損p3=2%,則 p0 (1 0.04) 24.2 23.232（ MPa）; p 4=(1-0.02)x0.9405=0.92169;由主蒸汽參數(shù)： p0=24.2MPa，t 0=566 ，可得 h0=3367.6kJ/kg;由再熱蒸汽參數(shù)：熱段：prh =3.602MPa，trh=556，冷段： prh =4.002MPa，trh=301.9 ，可知 hrh=

2、3577.6kJ/kg，hrh=2966.9kJ/kg，qrh =610.7kJ/kg。1.2 編制汽輪機(jī)組各計(jì)算點(diǎn)的汽水參數(shù)（如表4 所示）表 4600MW 凝汽式機(jī)組回?zé)嵯到y(tǒng)計(jì)算點(diǎn)汽水參數(shù)項(xiàng)目符號(hào)單位回?zé)峒訜崞骷訜崞?編 號(hào)-H1H2H3H4（ HD ）H5H6H7H8SG排汽 C抽汽壓力pjMPa5.8994.0021.8090.94050.38710.11770.057570.01544-0.006抽汽溫度tj351.2301.9457363.2253.8128.2x=1.0x=0.98-x=0.95抽汽比焓hjkJ/kg3051.82967.43375.53187.62972.827

3、31.22651.82548.3-2439.1抽汽壓損pj33355555-加熱蒸汽加熱器壓力p壓力下飽和水溫p下飽和水焓上端差加熱器出口水被加熱水 溫（蒸汽） 水側(cè)壓力出口水焓進(jìn)口水焓下端差疏水疏水出口水溫疏水出口水焓pjMPa5.722033.881941.754730.8934750.3677450.1118150.054692 0.0146680.0980.006t s272.5248.6205.9175140.6102.883.653.59936.2hjkJ/kg1197.91078.8878.9741.3591.8430.8350224415.1151.5-0001111-273.

4、5248.6205.9175139.6101.882.652.5-MPa29.210.8934751.724-hwjkJ/kg1203.11079879.1741.3587.4426.7345.8219.7-hwj+1kJ/kg1079879.1741.1587.4426.7345.8219.7-5.65.65.6-5.65.65.6-TI254.2211.5184.3-107.488.258.1-99-hwjdkJ/kg1106.3904.6782.27-450.3369.42431224415.4-1.1 繪制汽輪機(jī)的汽態(tài)線，如圖2 所示。1.3 計(jì)算給水泵焓升：給水泵入口水比容0.001

5、1211.假設(shè)給水泵加壓過程為等熵過程；給水泵入口壓力1.08582.給水泵入口處水的溫度和密度與除氧器的出給水泵入口水溫175口水的溫度和密度相等；熵2.0906563.給水泵入口壓力為除氧器出口壓力與高度差給水泵出口壓力29.21產(chǎn)生的靜壓之和。給水泵出口溫度178.7給水泵出口焓值772.5給水泵焓升31.12.全廠物質(zhì)平衡計(jì)算已知全廠汽水損失： D l=0.015D b（鍋爐蒸發(fā)量） ，鍋爐為直流鍋爐，無(wú)汽包排污。則計(jì)算結(jié)果如下表：（表5）表 5 全廠物質(zhì)平衡計(jì)算（以鍋爐蒸發(fā)量Db 為單位 1）項(xiàng)目份額與 D0 的關(guān)系（ D/D 0）D gl11.0152D fw11.0152D ma

6、0.0150.0152D 00.985-3. 計(jì)算汽輪機(jī)各級(jí)回?zé)岢槠考僭O(shè)加熱器的效率=1（ 1）高壓加熱器組的計(jì)算由 H1，H2，H3 的熱平衡求 ，1231fw 11 (1203.1 1079)0.063788q1(3051.8 1106.3)- （ hfw212q2dd） 1 (1079 879.1)/1 0.063788 (1106.3 904.6)w1h w22967.40.09067904.6s2120.0637880.090670.154458ddfw 3-s2（ h w 2hw 3） (879.1 741.1) /1 0.154458 (904.6 782.2)3q30.045

7、9243375.5 782.2s33s20.0459240.1544580.200382（ 2）除氧器 H4 的計(jì)算進(jìn)除氧器的份額為；4d4fw 4-s3（ hw3hw 5） (741.3 587.4)/1 0.200382 (782.2 587.4)q40.0441763187.6 587.4進(jìn)小汽機(jī)的份額為t根據(jù)水泵的能量平衡計(jì)算小汽機(jī)的用汽份額tt (h4 ht )mx pu31.1即31.10.056938t2571.8)0.99(3187.60.90.0441730.0569380.10111444t根據(jù)除氧器的物質(zhì)平衡，求c4+ = 則 =1-=0.755442c44s3fwc44

8、s3（ 3）低壓加熱器 H5 ，H6，H7 的計(jì)算c450.755442(587.4 426.7)50.048127q5( 2972.8 450.3) 1ddc46- （5 h w5h w6） 0.755442 (426.7 345.8) /16q62731.20.024228s6560.0481270.0242280.072355-dd8 219.7) /17c4 7s6（ hw 6hw 7） 0.755442 (345.q72651.80.035755s7s670.0723550.0357550.108110表 6 小汽機(jī)參數(shù)表小汽機(jī)排氣壓力 0.007排汽干度1排汽焓值2571.8水泵焓

9、升31.1小汽機(jī)機(jī)械效率0.99水泵效率0.90. 048127 (450.3 369.4)369.40.072355(369.4243.1)243.1（ 4）低壓加熱器 H8 與軸封加熱器SG 的計(jì)算為了便于計(jì)算將H8 與 SG 作為一個(gè)整體考慮，用圖所示的熱平衡范圍來(lái)列出物質(zhì)平衡的熱平衡式。由熱井的物質(zhì)平衡式，可得c4ctmas78BNRT由吸熱量= 放熱量寫出熱平衡式c4h w8( ctma )hCs7 (hwd 7hC )8 (h8hC )B (hBhC )N (hNhC )R (hRhC )T (hThC )（其中 hT =hS，而 hS 可通過軸封供汽母管的能量平衡求解，即h =

10、h + h + h可得h =3045.6kJ/kg）SSHHMMPPS聯(lián)立上面兩個(gè)平衡式，解得=0.016261 ，=0.5582318C（ 5）凝氣系數(shù) 的校核C由汽輪機(jī)通流部分物質(zhì)平衡來(lái)計(jì)算，以校核計(jì)算的準(zhǔn)確性C80.015 - (0.0637880.0906700.045924（BN）C 1-0.015-jRT110.1011140.0481270.0242280.0357550.016261(0.880.620.566.97)104 )0.558231兩者計(jì)算結(jié)果相同，表明以上計(jì)算準(zhǔn)確。4. 汽輪機(jī)汽耗量計(jì)算根據(jù)抽汽做功不足多耗新汽的公式來(lái)計(jì)算D 0D0DC0（ 1）計(jì)算 DC0凝汽的

11、比內(nèi)功 Wic 為Wich0qrhhC3367.6608.62439.11537.1(kJ / kg)D c03600Pe3600600 103Wic m g1537.11433776(kg/ h)0.99 0.99（2）計(jì)算 D0各級(jí)抽汽做功不足系數(shù)Yj 如下：h1qrhY1WicY2h2 qrhWich3hCY3Wich4hCY4Wich5hCY5Wich6hCY6WicY7h7 hCWich8hCY8WichBhCYBWichNhCY NWichRhCYRWicYShS hCWichC3051.8608.62439.11537.10.794548hC2967.4608.62439.10.

12、7396401537.13375.52439.10.6091191537.13187.62439.10.4869561537.12972.82439.10.3472121537.12731.22439.10.1900331537.12651.82439.10.1383771537.12548.32439.10.0710431537.13367.62439.111537.12966.62439.10.7391191537.13187.32439.10.4867611537.13045.72439.10.3946461537.1j hj，j Y j和 D j的計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)見表7計(jì)算點(diǎn)jhj jhjYj

13、 jYj10.0637883051.8194.6689180.7945480.05068320.0906702967.4269.0539250.7396400.06706330.0459243375.5155.0159580.6091990.02797740.1011143187.6322.3097640.4869560.04923850.0481272972.8143.0710310.3472120.01671060.0242282731.266.1716800.1900330.00460470.0357552651.894.8148920.1383770.00494880.01626125

14、48.341.4369850.0710430.001155C0.5582312439.11361.581406-B0.0000883367.60.2963491.0000000.000088N0.0000622966.60.1839290.7391190.000046R0.0000563187.30.1784890.4867610.000027S0.0015693045.74.7787190.3946460.0006192653.5620480.223158于是，抽汽做功不足汽耗增加系數(shù)為1（1-j Y j）11.28726310.223158則汽輪機(jī)新汽耗量D 0 為D 0DC 014337

15、76 1.2872631845646.595（kg/h)（ 3）校核若采用功率校核，則方法如下：功率校核：1kg 新蒸汽比內(nèi)功 Wi 為Wi0 h0rh qrhj hj0.9853367.60.814312608.62653.5620481159.114144(kJ / kg)據(jù)此可得汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)的功率Pe為PeD0Wi m g / 36001845646.595 1159.1141440.990.99/3600582.4285285計(jì)算誤差Pe - Pe600 582.428528 5100%2.928579%Pe600若采用流量校核，則方法如下流量校核：計(jì)算新汽的做功，如表8 所示：汽缸汽態(tài)

16、線段ij公式結(jié)果高壓缸0-10-1=1- I-A-B-D0.9717271-21-2= 0-1-10.907939rh= 1-2-L-M -N-H0.8143122-3+A + F-2中壓缸E0.0100883-43-4= 2-3-30.7784764-54-5= 3-4-4-P-R0.6767450.004984L低壓缸5-65-6= 4-5-50.6286196-76-7= 5-6-60.6043917-87-8= 6-7-70.5686368-C8-C=7-8-80.552375整ijhij機(jī)hij(kJ/kg)ijhij(kJ/kg)公式結(jié)果h0-1=h o-h 1315.8306.8

17、71h1-2=h 1-h284.476.630hrh-3=h rh-h3202.1164.094hE-3=h E-h3-47.4h3-4=h 3-h4187.9146.276h4-5=h 4-h5214.8145.365-6.2-0.0309008h5-6=h 5-h6241.6151.874h6-7=h 6-h779.447.989h7-8=h 7-h8103.558.854h8-C=h 8-hC109.260.3191158.241由功率平衡式求汽耗D0D03600Pe3600600103（kg/h）i j hi j m g1158.24119027610.99 0.99誤差1902761

18、 1845646.595D 0100%3.094558995%1845646.595以 D 0=1845646.595kg/h為基準(zhǔn)，計(jì)算各項(xiàng)汽水流量如表9 所示項(xiàng)目各項(xiàng)汽水流量項(xiàng)目各項(xiàng)汽水流量汽機(jī)汽耗量D01845646.595小汽機(jī)的耗汽量 Dttb106687.6354=*D鍋爐蒸發(fā)量 D b1873752.888全廠汽水損失 D I=0.015Db28106.29332第一級(jí)抽汽 D1= 1*D b119523.3788再熱蒸汽量 D rh = rh *D b1525819.179第二級(jí)抽汽 D2= *Db169893.0274第一級(jí)加熱器疏水Ds1= s1*Db119523.3788

19、2第三級(jí)抽汽 D3= 3*D b86049.94811第二級(jí)加熱器疏水Ds2= s2*Db289416.4061第四級(jí)抽汽 D4= 4*D b189461.9311第三級(jí)加熱器疏水Ds3= s3*Db375466.3542第五級(jí)抽汽D55b90177.52891第五級(jí)加熱器疏水Ds5= s4*Db90177.52891= *D第六級(jí)抽汽D66b45397.39943第六級(jí)加熱器疏水Ds6= s5*Db135574.9283= *D第七級(jí)抽汽D77b66995.88151第七級(jí)加熱器疏水Ds7= s6*Db202570.8098= *D第八級(jí)抽汽 D8= 8*D b30468.41832第八級(jí)加

20、熱器疏水Ds1= s7*Db252310.19515. 計(jì)算各熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性指標(biāo)1）機(jī)熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性指標(biāo)2）機(jī)組熱耗量：由補(bǔ)水溫度 tma=20,大氣壓為 0.1MPa,求出補(bǔ)水的焓值 hw,ma=84kJ/kg。Q0 D0 (h0hfw )Drh qrh - D mahma1845646.595（）3367.6- 1203.11525819.179608.6 - 28106.29332（）84 4921154678 kJ/h機(jī)組熱耗率： q0Q049211546788201.924464kJ /(kWh)6 105Pe絕對(duì)電效率：e360036000.438921q08201.9244643）鍋爐熱負(fù)荷

21、：QbDb (hbhfw )Drh q rh1873752.888 （3398.4- 1203.1） 1525819.179608.65042063268(kJ/h)3）管道效率：Q04921154678正平衡pQb0.9760205042063268Q pD 0 (hbh0 )D l ( hbhw, ma ) 1845646.595 （3398.4 - 3367.6） 28106.29332 （3398.4 - 84）150001413. 7Qp1150001413.70.970250反平衡b計(jì)算結(jié)果相差不大，說明熱力計(jì)算正確。4）全廠熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性指標(biāo)全廠熱效率： cp b p e0.92 0.976020 0.4389210.394124360036009134.17259kJ/()