1、6 - 12003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyAudit EvidenceChapter 66 - 22003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 1Contrast audit evidencewith evidence used byother professions.6 - 32003 P

2、rentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyNature of EvidenceThe use of evidence isnot unique to auditors.Evidence is also usedby scientists, lawyers,and historians.6 - 42003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearn

3、ing Objective 2Identify the four audit evidencedecisions that are needed tocreate an audit program.6 - 52003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyAudit Evidence Decisions1. Which audit procedures to use2. What sample size to select for a given procedure3.

4、 Which items to select from the population4. When to perform the procedures6 - 62003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyAudit ProgramIt includes a list of the audit proceduresthe auditor considers necessary.Most auditors use computers to facilitatethe p

5、reparation of audit programs.6 - 72003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 3Specify the characteristicsthat determine thepersuasivenessof evidence.6 - 82003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Bea

6、sleyPersuasiveness of EvidenceCompetenceSufficiencyCombined effectPersuasiveness and cost6 - 92003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyCompetenceRelevanceIndependence of providerEffectiveness of internal controlsAuditors direct knowledgeQualifications of

7、 individualsDegree of objectivityTimeliness6 - 102003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 4Identify and apply theseven types of evidenceused in auditing.6 - 112003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/El

8、der/BeasleyRelationshipsAuditingstandardsQualificationsand conductReportingEvidenceaccumulationTypes ofevidenceBroadguidelinesBroadcategories6 - 122003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyRelationshipsTypes ofevidenceAuditproceduresSamplesizeTimingof tes

9、tsItems toselectSpecificinstructions6 - 132003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyTypes of Audit Evidence1. Physical examination3. Documentation5. Inquiries of the client6. Reperformance2. Confirmation4. Analytical procedures7. Observation6 - 142003 Pre

10、ntice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyInformationOften ConfirmedInformationSourceAssetsCash in bankBankAccounts receivableCustomerNotes receivableMakerOwned inventory out on consignment ConsigneeInventory held in public warehousesWarehouseCash surrender value

11、 of life insurance Insurance co.6 - 152003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyInformationOften ConfirmedInformationSourceLiabilitiesAccounts payableCreditorNotes payableLenderAdvances from customersCustomerMortgages payableMortgagorBonds payableBondhold

12、er6 - 162003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyInformationOften ConfirmedInformationSourceOwners EquityShares outstandingRegistrar andtransfer agent6 - 172003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyInformation

13、Often ConfirmedInformationSourceOther InformationInsurance coverageInsurance companyContingent liabilitiesBank, lender, andclients counselBond indenture agreementsBondholderCollateral held by creditorsCreditor6 - 182003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/Beasl

14、eyCriteria to DetermineCompetenceType ofevidenceIndependenceof providerEffectiveness ofclientsinternal controlsAuditorsdirectknowledgeQualificationsof providerObjectivityof evidence6 - 192003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyTerms and Types of Evidenc

15、eTermsTypes of EvidenceExamineDocumentationScanAnalytical proceduresReadDocumentationAnalytical proceduresComputeRecomputeReperformanceFootReperformance6 - 202003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyTerms and Types of EvidenceTermsTypes of EvidenceTraceD

16、ocumentationCompareDocumentationCountPhysical examinationObservationObserveInquireInquiries of clientVouchDocumentation6 - 212003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 5Understand the purposesof audit documentation.6 - 222003 Prentice Ha

17、ll Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyAudit DocumentationPurposes of audit documentation Ownership of audit filesConfidentiality of audit files6 - 232003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 6Prepare org

18、anizedaudit documentation.6 - 242003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyAudit File Contentsand OrganizationRobinson AssociatesTrial Balance12/31/2003Cash$165,237Accounts Receivable 275,050Prepaid Insurance 37,795Interest Receivable 20,493FinancialStatem

19、ents andAudit ReportWorkingTrial BalanceAdjustingJournal EntriesContingentLiabilitiesOperationsLiabilities and EquityAssetsAnalyticalProceduresTest of Controls& SubstantiveTOTInternalControlGeneralInformationAuditProgramsPermanentFiles6 - 252003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of A

20、uditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyPermanent FilesThese files are intended to containdata of a historical or continuingnature pertinent to the current audit.6 - 262003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyCurrent FilesAudit programGeneral informationWorking trial balanceAdjusting and reclassification entriesSupporting schedules6 - 272003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Essentials of Auditing 1/e, Arens/Elder/BeasleyLearning Objective 7Describe how e-commerceaffects audit evidence andaudit documentation.6 - 282003 Prentice Hall Busi