1、1汽車的四大組成部分汽車的四大組成部分2車身車身發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)底盤底盤電器系統(tǒng)電器系統(tǒng)英語怎么表示？3enginechassisbodyelectrical system圖示：圖示：The basic components of an automobile 3.車 身2.底 盤1.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)4.電氣系統(tǒng)4例句分析： There are four basic components of the There are four basic components of the automobile : engine , chassis , body and automobile : engine , cha

2、ssis , body and electrical system .electrical system . 中文：中文：basic component - basic component - 基本基本組組成成； 問題問題：汽：汽車車共四共四個(gè)組個(gè)組成部分：成部分：_、 _、_ _ _ 。engine 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)chassis 底盤底盤body 車身車身electrical system 電氣系統(tǒng)電氣系統(tǒng)5The Question (問題問題) Which is called the “heart” of Automobile?be called of - (be called of - (

3、被叫做被叫做-)-)；中文：哪部分被稱作是汽車的心臟？中文：哪部分被稱作是汽車的心臟？heart (heart (心臟心臟) )；發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)6Part one Automobile Engine 汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的分類一、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的分類 Clissified by fuel（按燃料不同分類）（按燃料不同分類）汽油機(jī)汽油機(jī)和和柴油機(jī)柴油機(jī)； Clissfiled by working progress（按工作行程分（按工作行程分類）類）四沖程四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和二沖程二沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)；發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)； Clissfiled by cooled ways（按冷卻方式分類）（按冷卻方式分類）水冷

4、水冷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和風(fēng)冷風(fēng)冷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)； Clissfiled by number of cylinder（按氣缸數(shù)量分（按氣缸數(shù)量分類）類）單缸單缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和多缸多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)7Clissified by fuel（按燃料不同分類）8汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)gasoline enginegasolinegslin n. 汽油汽油 點(diǎn)燃方式（點(diǎn)燃式）9柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)diesel enginedieseldi:zl n. 柴油柴油 ，柴油，柴油機(jī)機(jī)點(diǎn)燃方式（壓燃式）Clissfiled by working progress（按工作行程分類）（按工作行程分類）10二沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)二沖程發(fā)

5、動(dòng)機(jī)Two stroke enginestrokestrk n. 沖程，行程；沖程，行程；活塞反復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)一次，曲軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一周，兩個(gè)沖程完成一個(gè)工作循環(huán)。11四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Four stroke enginestrokestrk n. 沖程，行程；沖程，行程；活塞反復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)兩次，曲軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)兩周，四個(gè)沖程完成一個(gè)工作循環(huán)。12四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的四大行程四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的四大行程進(jìn)氣行程進(jìn)氣行程 intake stroke排氣行程排氣行程 exhaust stroke壓縮行程壓縮行程 compression stroke做功行程做功行程 working stroke13Exhaust排放排放Intake

6、進(jìn)氣進(jìn)氣 Compression壓縮壓縮Power/working做功做功Stroke . /struk / n. 打擊；中風(fēng)；筆畫；沖程；嘗試；輕撫打擊；中風(fēng)；筆畫；沖程；嘗試；輕撫 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的四大工作行程14水冷卻式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水冷卻式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Water coolet engine水箱，通過水泵作用，水通過水道流通整個(gè)汽缸體，進(jìn)行降溫。Clissfiled by cooled ways（按冷卻方式分類）（按冷卻方式分類）15風(fēng)冷卻式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)風(fēng)冷卻式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)air coolet engine風(fēng)冷，通過空氣氣流與風(fēng)扇作用，空氣/風(fēng)通過發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)整個(gè)汽缸體，進(jìn)行降溫。Clissfiled by number of

7、 cylinder（按氣缸（按氣缸數(shù)量分類）數(shù)量分類）16單缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)單缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Single cylinder enginecylinder slnd n. 氣缸我只有一個(gè)氣缸，我只有一個(gè)氣缸，一組氣門；一組氣門；17多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Multi cylinder enginecylinder slnd n. 氣缸氣缸我有多個(gè)氣缸，我有多個(gè)氣缸，多組氣門；多組氣門；二、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的基本組成18汽油機(jī)包含幾大系統(tǒng)？ 冷卻系 cooling system 潤滑系 lubrication system 起動(dòng)系 starting system 點(diǎn)火系 ignition system 燃油供給系 fuel

8、supply system 進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng) intake system 排氣系統(tǒng) exhaust system1920Cooling system (冷卻系統(tǒng)冷卻系統(tǒng))Starting system (起動(dòng)系統(tǒng)起動(dòng)系統(tǒng))21vLubrication system (潤滑系統(tǒng)潤滑系統(tǒng))vIgnition system (點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng))22vFuel supply system (燃油供給系統(tǒng)燃油供給系統(tǒng))vintake system (進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng))例句分析： Engine system includes ：_、_、_、_. 中文：include vt.包括，包含； 譯文：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)包括：_、

9、 _、_、 _。 23ignition systemstarting systemlubrication systemcooling system點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)起動(dòng)系統(tǒng)起動(dòng)系統(tǒng)潤滑系統(tǒng)潤滑系統(tǒng)冷卻系統(tǒng)冷卻系統(tǒng)汽油機(jī)包括哪兩大系統(tǒng)？24Crank-connecting rod mechanism曲曲 柄柄連桿連桿機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)構(gòu)配氣機(jī)構(gòu)25Valve mechanism氣氣 門門機(jī)機(jī) 構(gòu)構(gòu) 三、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的四大工作行程26Intake 進(jìn)氣進(jìn)氣 Compression壓縮壓縮Exhaust排放排放Power做功做功Stroke . /struk / n. 打擊；中風(fēng)；筆畫；沖程；嘗試；輕撫打擊；中風(fēng)；筆畫

10、；沖程；嘗試；輕撫 27 一臺(tái)汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)往往具有3個(gè)以上的汽缸，對于汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)主要的分類方式是根據(jù)汽缸的布局及排列方式來劃分。一般有直列L型、V型、W型以及水平對置B型等幾種。28直列發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)(Line Engine)29V型排列六缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)(V-shape)30W型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)(W-shape)31水平對置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水平對置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)(Horizontally Opposed四、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的布置形式32發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后置后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)33Engine is a self-contained power unit which convert

11、s heat energy of fuel into mechanical energy for moving the vehicle. All automobile engines, both gasoline and diesel, are classified as internal combustion engines because the combustion or burning that creates energy takes place inside the engine. In the internal combustion engine, air-fuel mixtur

12、e is introduced into a closed cylinder where it is compressed and then ignited. The burning of the fuel causes a rapid rise in cylinder pressure which is converted to useful mechanical energy by the piston and crankshaft （Fig.1-1）.Text:One.The Internal Combustion Engine34The majority of engines in m

13、otor vehicles today are four-stroke piston engine. These four strokes are intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke. 35Two. Four Strokes1The Intake StrokeThe intake stroke begins with the piston at the Top Dead Center （TDC）. The crankshaft rotates through the connecting rod,

14、 forces the piston to move downward. This downward movement of the piston creates a vacuum, a difference in pressure, in the space above the piston. 36. Camshaft forces the intake valve open automatically at or slightly before the piston starts down. The air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder.

15、At the same time, the exhaust valve remains closed during this downward movement. This valve closure prevents the entering air-fuel charge from escaping through the exhaust port. After the piston reaches the Bottom Dead Center （BDC） of its first stroke, the cylinder is practically full of an air-fue

16、l charge. The drawing of an air-fuel charge into the cylinder in this manner, during the downward movement of the piston, constitutes the intake stroke （Fig.1-2a372The Compression StrokeAfter piston reaches the BDC, the intake valve closes and the exhaust valve remains closed. The piston is beginnin

17、g to move upward again, compresses the trapped air-fuel mixture that was brought in by the intake stroke. As piston reaches the TDC again during its upward travel, the compression stroke of the piston is over（Fig.1-2b）.383The Power StrokeNow, both valves remain closed during the power stroke. Before

18、 piston reaches the TDC on the compression stroke, the spark plug fires, igniting the compressed air-fuel mixture which produces a powerful expansion of the vapor. The combustion process pushes the piston down the cylinder with great force turning the crankshaft to provide the power to propel the ve

19、hicle （Fig.1-2c）.394The Exhaust StrokeNear the end of the downward movement of the power stroke, the camshaft opens the exhaust valve, but the intake valve remains closed. Although much of the gas pressure has expended itself driving the piston downward, some pressure still remains when the exhaust

20、valve opens. So, this remaining pressurized gas flows comparatively free from the cylinder through the passage opened by the exhaust valve. 40Then, as the piston again moves up in the cylinder, it drives any remaining gases out of the cylinder past the open exhaust valve. As the piston travels throu

21、gh the TDC position and starts downward again in the cylinder, a new operating cycle begins. This four strokes are continuously repeated in every cylinder as long as the engine remains running （Fig.1-2d）.41The single-cylinder engine just described as above provides only one power stroke during every

22、 two crankshaft revolutions or delivers power only one-fourth of the time. To provide a more even and continuous flow of power, automobile have engines with four, six, eight or twelve cylinders.Three. The Multiple-cylinder Engine42Four. The Classification of the EngineFor identification purposes, ma

23、nufacturers classify automobile engines by their cylinder arrangement, valve arrangement, and type of cooling system.Automobile engines have their cylinders arranged in four distinct ways：in-line, V-shape, W-shape, or horizontally opposed （Fig.1-3）.43Automobile engines have their valves arranged in

24、one of three ways：the valves in the engine block; one valve in the cylinder head and the other in the engine block; both valves in the cylinder head. Modern automotive engines utilize the third type of valve arrangement.Manufacturers also classify engines as being either air-cooled or water-cooled. 課堂小結(jié) 需要記住的單詞：需要記住的單詞： 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 底盤底盤 車身車身 電器系統(tǒng)電器系統(tǒng) 汽油汽油 柴油柴油 沖程沖程44EngineEngineChassisChassisBody