1、Unit21、 被動語態基礎篇1. 被動語態的構成： be + 過去分詞2. 時態通過助動詞be變化體現：時態 be 過去分詞done為例例句一般現在時am / is / aredoneEnglish is spoken in many countries.一般過去時was / weredoneSome TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. 一般將來時shall / will + bedoneHe won't be allowed, by his father, to marry Larra.

2、過去將來時would / should + bedoneThey would be sent to the army when theyFinished the training.現在進行時am / is / are + beingdoneThe project is being carried out.過去進行時was / were + beingdoneThe case was being investigated then.現在完成時have / has + beendoneThis novel has been translated into several languages.過去完

3、成時had+ beendoneThey said that production costs had been reduced.【說明】：以上的八個時態可用于被動式，其它沒有列舉的時態都不宜用于被動語態的句子中。3. 一般能用主動語態時優先使用主動語態。只在下列情況中才用被動語態：(1)不知道或沒必要指出行為、動作的執行者(無須加by短語)Football is played around the world.(2)突出和強調行為或動作的承受著。（這時可用by引導出動作的執行者） History is made by the people. The wounded soldiers have

4、been saved by those people.2、 語態轉換的幾種類型：類型變化舉例主動語態被動語態有一個賓語將賓語變成主語I broke the bottle.The bottle was broken by me.有賓從句從句的主語作被動語態的主語時，可直接把從主變被主，也it作形式主語We know that he was dying.He was known to be dying.It was known that he was dying.整個從句作被動語態主語時，變為被動語態,要用形式主語it.He has knows that many friends will com

5、e to see him.It has been known to himthat my friends will come to see him.有雙賓語將其中一個賓語變主語He gave me a book.I was given a book by him.A book was given to me by him.有復合賓語S+O+O.C只能將賓語變為主語We made him our monitor.I heard him singing.I heard the song sung.He was made our monitor.He was heard singing.The so

6、ng was heard sung.有情 動詞情動詞+ be + 過去分詞We must clean the room.The room must be cleaned.短語動詞作謂語保留動詞原來所帶的介詞/副詞Ill look after the boy.The boy will be looked after.(by me)3、 使用被動語態時需要注意的情況： 1. be+過去分詞可以是被動語態形式,也可以是系表結構形式。【區別】： 被動語態強調動作，可以帶by短語；系表結構表主語的特點或狀態，不帶by短語。 The job was well done.(系表結構) The job was

7、 well done by a skilled worker.(被動語態) The composition is well written.(系表結構) The composition is written with great care;.(被動語態)【注意】表示狀態特征的連系動詞 look, sound, feel, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep 加形容詞/名詞構成系表結構。2. 不能用被動語態的幾種情況： There be句型和所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動

8、語態之中。 表示狀態的謂語動詞，如：last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of 等。 表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belong to等。 表示“希望、意圖”的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態，不能用被動語態。The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang. 賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態。 謂語動詞是以下時，無被動 ：happen,

9、 belong to, suit, fit(適合), have, let, join, fall, last（延長）,cost（花費） break out（爆發）appear, burst out(迸發)，hold(容納)，lack（缺乏），agree with（同意）1 有些動詞或情態動詞常用所接的不定式來表示被動意義?！救纭?happen, pretend, seem, used to, ought to, appear等。The house used to b

10、e painted white. The job has to be done before dark. On the way we happened to be caught in the rain.3、 被動語態相關重要考點：1.主動形式表被動意義 表主語的某種屬性特征的動詞，如cut、read、act, clean, sell、wear、write、wash、open, cook, shut,dry, eat,drink等詞帶狀語修飾語時；當動詞表示“開始、結束、關、停、轉、啟動”等意義時，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, sh

11、ut, lock, run, move。This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。These novels wont sell well.這些小說不暢銷。My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。The door wont lock.門鎖不上。The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。 當break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示“發生、關閉、制定”等意思時。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the w

12、all turn off. want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。 be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。 在“be + 形容詞 + to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受譴責)，be to rent（出租）也用主動形式表被動。2.被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。be seated坐著：He is seated on a bench.（He seat

13、s himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏 ：He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏門后。be lost迷路 be drunk喝醉 be dressed穿著：The girl was dressed in a read short skirt.1. 經典例題講解：1. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.requ

14、est2. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.（2000年春季高考）A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed3When everyone was _ , the meeting began.A. sitting B. sat C.seated D.seating被動語態專項練習一、選擇題（2×15=30分）( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. I

15、s; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visite

16、d B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by peopl

17、e to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book

18、 _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. ca

19、n be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。 （1×30=30分）1.Is tea grown in South

20、 China？（改為主動語態） _ people _ tea in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同義句轉換） A birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (對劃線提問)How_ _ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改為被動語態) An English song _ _ _ by the children. 5. You needn't do it now. (改為被動語態) It _ _ _ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改為被動語態) Met