1、Clinical Neurophysiology臨床神經(jīng)生理學(xué)I F: 2.979 Graldine Petit一、問(wèn)題提出二、研究方法三、研究結(jié)果四、討論五、不足六、點(diǎn)評(píng) 1、Binge drinking refers to the consumption of a large number of drinks over a short interval of time followed by periods of abstinence. Binge drinking is a common occurrence among younger people, especially univer

2、sity students酗酒指在禁欲后短時(shí)間里消費(fèi)大量的酒精。酗酒的通常是年輕人，特別是大學(xué)生。定義、對(duì)象2、 The effects of alcohol on the central nervous system (CNS) have been extensively studied, and the neurocognitive, neuroanatomical and neurofunctional consequences of chronic alcohol abuse in alcohol-dependent adults have been documented (Oscar

3、-Berman and Marinkovic2007).大量的 的研究已經(jīng)證明酒精會(huì)影響中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(CNS) 。成人酒精依賴者長(zhǎng)期的酒精亂用對(duì)其神經(jīng)認(rèn)知，神經(jīng)解剖和神經(jīng)功能產(chǎn)生的影響(Oscar-Berman and Marinkovic2007)。影響3、Compared with adults, relatively little is known about adolescent binge drinking and its neurocognitive consequences。 A few recent studies have explored the cerebral cons

4、equences of binge drinking in nonclinical samples of adolescents and university students.相比成人，相對(duì)很少知道青少年酗酒者對(duì)他們的神經(jīng)認(rèn)知影響情況。最近很少有研究探索了酗酒對(duì)非臨床青少年樣本和大學(xué)生的大腦影響。問(wèn)題4、With respect to the neurocognitive effects of binge drinking in youths, it is important to evaluate similarities with deficits induced by long-ter

5、m alcohol consumption in adults so as to be able to develop adapted information and prevention programs for young people.關(guān)于酗酒會(huì)對(duì)青少年神經(jīng)認(rèn)知影響，那么有必要的去評(píng)估成人長(zhǎng)期酒精消費(fèi)導(dǎo)致的缺陷，這樣可以獲取有效的信息和的發(fā)展對(duì)青少年人群預(yù)防項(xiàng)目5、The aim of the present study was to investigate whether binge drinking students, with their brief history of alco

6、hol exposure compared to adults, and without a diagnosis of AUD, exhibit any modulation in alcohol-cue processing. More specifically, we wanted to examine whether there was any difference in cerebral reactivity between students with binge drinking habits and paired controls when they were confronted

7、 by alcohol-related compared to nonalcohol- related (control) cues.當(dāng)前研究的目的在于去調(diào)查相比成人，短期的酒精暴露歷史、酗酒的學(xué)生和沒(méi)有診斷出AUD的人，是否展現(xiàn)出對(duì)任何酒精線索加工調(diào)節(jié)。更特別是，我們想調(diào)查對(duì)于非酒精-酒精相關(guān)線索對(duì)于酗酒的學(xué)生和配對(duì)控制組相比的大腦反應(yīng)是否存在差異。6、Our main hypothesis was that binge drinkers (as compared to controls) will display an enhanced attentional processing of

8、alcohol-related stimuli as compared to unrelated alcohol ones.我們主要的研究假設(shè)就是酗酒者會(huì)顯示出相比非酒精相關(guān)線索增加對(duì)酒精相關(guān)的注意加工。（一）被試We first conducted a general screening phase among students at the Faculty of Psychology of Brussels (Belgium) University. Three hundred students completed a questionnaire that assessed psychol

9、ogical measures as well as alcohol and drug consumption characteristic我們首先實(shí)施的是對(duì)the Faculty of Psychology of Brussels (Belgium) University一般的刷選。300個(gè)學(xué)生完成心理測(cè)量和酒精和藥物消費(fèi)特征評(píng)估。selection criteria: no major medical problems, no historyof CNS disease (including epilepsy and history of brain trauma), no visual

10、impairment, no past or current drug consumption (other than alcohol), no family history of alcoholism, very low alcohol consumption and absence of binge drinking habits before starting university studies but maintenance of the same drinking pattern since then.選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：無(wú)主要的醫(yī)療問(wèn)題，沒(méi)有中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病（包括，癲癇腦部創(chuàng)傷），沒(méi)有視覺(jué)

11、損傷，過(guò)去和當(dāng)前沒(méi)有藥物使用（酒精以外），沒(méi)有酒精成癮家族史，在上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)前酒精低消費(fèi)和沒(méi)有酗酒習(xí)慣而且一直維持相同的模式到現(xiàn)在。為什么都有這些刷選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？All participants were assessed for several psychological measures: State and Trait Anxiety (STAI A and B, Spielberger et al., 1983), depression (BDI, Beck and Steer, 1987) and alexithymia (TAS 20, Bagby et al., 1994).所有的被試要

12、通過(guò)幾個(gè)心理測(cè)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估：狀態(tài)特質(zhì)焦慮問(wèn)卷(STAI A and B, Spielberger et al., 1983)，抑郁量表(BDI, Beck and Steer, 1987)，述情障礙(TAS 20, Bagby et al., 1994).On this basis, 36 students were selected. According to their alcohol consumption characteristics while at university, students were divided into two groups, each of 18 parti

13、cipants: controls and binge drinkers.基于上面的刷選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，共選出了36名被試。根據(jù)他們?cè)诖髮W(xué)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)的的酒精消費(fèi)特征分為兩組，每組18名被試：控制組和酗酒組Participants were provided with full details regarding the aims of the study and the procedure to be followed and gave their informed consent after receiving this information. The local ethical committee o

14、f Brugmann Hospital approved the study. All the participants were between the ages of 19 and 26, with normal/corrected vision, normal hearing, no medication and no history of neurological disease. We matched the groups for age, sex 。本研究向被試提供全部的詳細(xì)的關(guān)于研究的目的和過(guò)程，在被試知道研究信息后，獲取知情同意。同樣此研究獲得Brugmann Hospital

15、 倫理委員會(huì)的支持。所有被試的年齡在19-26歲，有正常/矯正視力，正常聽(tīng)覺(jué)能力，沒(méi)有醫(yī)療和沒(méi)有神經(jīng)相關(guān)的疾病。同時(shí)，我們將兩組在年齡，性別進(jìn)行匹配The groups characteristics are shown in Table 1.（二）、視覺(jué)材料的準(zhǔn)備Alcohol-related pictures and non-alcohol-related (control) pictures were used as target deviant stimuli placed among frequent neutral stimuli ，Moreover, all these devi

16、ant stimuli (alcohol and control) presented a neutral, negative or positive scene. To construct this set of picture stimuli, we started with 44 pictures, chosen from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) (Lang et al., 1997), or from our own selection on the internet.酒精相關(guān)圖片和酒精不相關(guān)圖片（ contr

17、ol ）在一定頻率中性刺激中作為目標(biāo)偏差刺激。所有這些偏差刺激分為中性，消極或者積極場(chǎng)景。我了構(gòu)造這些刺激，我們從國(guó)際情緒圖片庫(kù)(IAPS)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上共 選了44張圖片。中性情緒酒精圖片中性情緒非酒精圖片消極情緒酒精圖片積極情緒中性圖片積極情緒酒精圖片消極情緒中性圖片CACNPN320個(gè)刺激CN中性控制刺激72%4個(gè)blockPANANN目標(biāo)刺激每個(gè)5次，占28%800毫秒600 and 1000 ms間隔1200ms的反應(yīng)時(shí)間正確率和反應(yīng)時(shí)（三）程序（visual oddball paradigm）1、32導(dǎo)2、10-20電極3、增益300004、帶通0.01100 Hz.5、電阻below

18、 56、基線200，持時(shí)間800ms7、低通濾波：30 Hz8、(90160 ms for P100；200300 ms for N2b；350650 ms for P3bThese values were tested using repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA Greenhouse Geisser correction was applied when appropriate), paired sample t-tests and two-tailed Pearson correlations重復(fù)測(cè)量方差分析，配對(duì)樣本t檢驗(yàn)

19、，雙側(cè)Pearson相關(guān)（一）、 Behavioural data（行為數(shù)據(jù)）Overall, behavioural data showed that independently of their group, participants detected the deviant， Positive stimuli faster than the neutral ones, and that in the neutral emotional context, reaction times were faster for alcohol- than for non-alcohol-related

20、 stimuli。總體上，行為數(shù)據(jù)表明，組間沒(méi)有差異，被試間發(fā)現(xiàn)了差異，積極的刺激比中性的快。在中性情緒背景下， 酒精比非酒精相關(guān)刺激反應(yīng)時(shí)間快。（二）刺激評(píng)估No significant effect of group was found, but atype * group interaction was observedwhich suggests that independently of the stimuli valence, controls subjects evaluated non-alcohol related pictures as more positive than

21、 alcohol-related ones 。whereas there was no significantdifference between the two stimulus types in the binge drinkers group組間沒(méi)差異，刺激類型和組間存在交互作用表明，控制組評(píng)價(jià)非酒精圖片比酒精相關(guān)圖片更積極。在酒精組兩類刺激類型沒(méi)有差異。（三）ERP data1、Latencies There was no significant effect of group or of group * stimulus type interaction for any ERP co

22、mponents latencies, which is congruent with the absence of group differences for behavioural data (p .05). 組間或者組*刺激類型之間對(duì)于任何latencies的ERP成分都沒(méi)有顯著影響，和行為數(shù)據(jù)沒(méi)有組間差異是一致的。2、Amplitudes（波幅）P100 ：N2b無(wú)差異P3b無(wú)差異4、相關(guān) The results showed that the longer the duration of binge drinking habits, the larger the P100 ampli

23、tude to alcohol- related cues (r = .666; p = .003), and the greater the number of doses consumed per week, the larger the P100 amplitude to alcohol-related cues (r = .491; p = .039). 結(jié)果表明，酗酒習(xí)慣時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，對(duì)酒精相關(guān)線索時(shí) P100波幅更大，每周用量越大對(duì)酒精相關(guān)線索時(shí) P100波幅更大四、討論（一）The differences between binge drinkers and control part

24、icipants specifically involved the P100 component. P100 amplitudes elicited by alcohol-related pictures were significantly larger than those elicited by neutral pictures in individuals with binge drinking habits, whereas there were no significant differences in the P100 amplitudes of controls with the different stimuli. 酗酒者和控制組的差異涉及到P100成分。酗酒者對(duì)酒精相關(guān)圖片相比中性圖片誘發(fā)更大的P100。而控制組沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)現(xiàn)象。（二） It is important to note that, even though such an increase in the P100 component was not observed in the control group, the results showed that, at a behavioural l