1、AttributiveClause定語(yǔ)從句一、定義定語(yǔ)從句：修飾名詞或代詞的從句。換句話說(shuō)，名詞、代詞后的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞、甚至詞組或句子叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。1關(guān)系代詞：在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表、定語(yǔ)成分2關(guān)系副詞：在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)成分關(guān)系詞3個(gè)功能：1. 連接功能(連接先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句)；2. 擔(dān)任功能(在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表、定、狀語(yǔ))3. 替代功能(在定語(yǔ)從句中代替先行詞)。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的是：who,that,which,as賓語(yǔ)的是：who,whom,that,which,as定語(yǔ)的是：whose,wh

2、ich先行詞是人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞是：who,whom,that,as先行詞是物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞是：which,that,whose,as關(guān)系副詞有：when(先行詞為時(shí)間),where(先行詞為地點(diǎn)),why(先行詞為原因)關(guān)系副詞=介詞+which/whom定語(yǔ)從句分為兩種：限制性與非限制性。先行詞與關(guān)系詞之間無(wú)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)為限制性；有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)則為非限制性，且一般由which弓I導(dǎo)。唯一可以置于先行詞之前的定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)。(1) 二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句wh。指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2) Yesterda

3、yIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.1. whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。(1) Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2) Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。(3) Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.(1) which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2) Thisis

4、thepen(which)heboughtyesterday.2. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(5) Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6) Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?3. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)，有從屬關(guān)系。(1) Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2) Ioncelivedinahousew

5、hoseroofhasfallenin.(3) whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4) Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5) Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?(6) Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?(1) 三、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)Theschool(that/which

6、)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2) Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(3) TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.(4) TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(5) We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.(6) We'llgotohearthefamoussingerabou

7、twhomwehaveoftentalked.(1) 注意：1.含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，不可用who或者that;指物時(shí)用which,不能用that;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whoseThemanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfrien

8、d.(F)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)"介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2) Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(3) Therearef

9、ortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.(1) 四、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2) Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.(1) where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2) ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.(1) why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句

10、中做原因狀語(yǔ)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2) Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.(1) 注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(2) Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinth

11、ecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.難點(diǎn)分析(1) 只能用that不用which1.當(dāng)先行詞是anything,everything,nothing(something除夕卜)，few,all,none,little,some等代詞時(shí)，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時(shí)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?(2) Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.(3) Allthatcanbedonehasb

12、eendone.(4) ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.(3) 注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用whoAnymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon'tdosuchathing.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.(1) 當(dāng)形容詞被thevery,theonly,thelast修飾時(shí)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,

13、Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.(2) 當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用whoWangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.(1) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2) WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelea

14、rned?1. 只能用which,who,whom不用that關(guān)系代詞直接放在介詞后面時(shí)，要用which,不用that;要用whom，不用who。2. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用which,who,whom,不用that,也不能省略。關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as和which弓I導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1. as和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。(1) Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.(2) Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.(1) as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放

15、在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(2) Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.(3) John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.(4) HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon'tbelieve.(5) 注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用whichTomwasalwayslatefo

16、rschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.(1) 當(dāng)先行次由such,thesame修飾時(shí)，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.(2) Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.(3) ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.(4) 注意：當(dāng)先行次由thesame修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。(5) Shewor

17、ethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。(一) 以theway為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句通常由inwhich,that弓I導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。(1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.but有時(shí)也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon't)(1) 區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系Theplan

18、ethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定語(yǔ)從句Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；同位語(yǔ)從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分Thenewshetoldmeistrue.(2) Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3) Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定語(yǔ)Theproblemh