1、 定語從句講解及練習一、 定義：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞 或代詞 的從句叫做定語從句。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導定語從句的詞有關系代詞that, which, who(賓格who, 所有格whose)和關系副詞where, when、why關系詞常有三個作用：1、引導定語從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分二、關系代詞引導的定語從句1

2、.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關系代詞應該用 who 或whom. 例：Is there anyone here who will go with you?2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (w

3、hom) you talked about. 注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)4. that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指

4、物時，相當于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語) 具體使用時還要注意以下問題：1,只能使用that,不用which 的情況：(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。例如： All that he said is true. (2)

5、 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾的詞。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如： He talked about the people and the t

6、hings he remembered. 2,只用which不用that的情況：(3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關系代詞that,作賓語用的關系代詞也不能省略。例如：The boy,who is good at soccer,comes from Xinjiang.That necklace,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday.非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常是引導詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他局部仍可成立 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, r

7、etired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you這里有人要和你說話(限制性)(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或局部概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) 如果作先作

8、詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關系代詞用which;假設是指集體中的各個成員，那么用who。5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon

9、be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?6. when 指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：This is the house where we lived last yea

10、r. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city 8. "介詞關系代詞"是一個普遍使用的結構。 (1) "介詞關系代詞"可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。"介詞關系代詞"結構中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關系代詞只可用whom或 which, 不可用 that 。例:Is that the house in which you live ?關系代詞

11、 whom， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：This is the boy whom she ha

12、s taken care of.熱身練習請分析一下定語從句：( 請劃出定語從句，并標出先行詞)1.    Check the ways you study for an English test. 2.     Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3.     You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4. 

13、;    I have some ideas that may help. 5.     They said something you didnt like. 6.     My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 二、用關系代詞填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1.    This is the

14、man _ wants to see you. 2.    The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua. 3.     The man _ you went to see has come. 4.     The man _I met yesterday lent me some money. 5.     The woman _ you saw is

15、our geography teacher. 6.     The runner _ you are asking about is over there. 7.      Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday. 8.    These books _ you lent me were very useful. 9.    This is shirt _I bo

16、ught yesterday.10.    A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.11.    Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.12.    The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、單項選擇( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Bei

17、jing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose( ) 2. The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything( ) 3. He was the only person in his office_ was invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which( ) 4. This is the museum_ we visited last year.

18、 A. where B. in which C. which D. in that( ) 5. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 6. Do you know the student_? A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk( ) 7. I like the house_ windows face south. A. whose B. w

19、hos C. it's D. its( )8. The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor. A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that定語從句中關系副詞的用法定語從句中的關系副詞有三個：when, where和why，它們在定語從句中分別作時間、地點和原因狀語。其句法結構如下：  表時間的名詞 + when + 定語從句  when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.&#

20、160;     Ill never forget the day when I joined the army.  表地點的名詞 + where + 定語從句  where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.      This is the house where I lived two years ago.  表原因的名詞reason + why

21、 + 定語從句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定語從句中,在定語從句中作原因狀語。)例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在現代英語中why可以省略)  上句也可以這樣表示：      That is the reason I did the job. 又如：     This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.關系副詞在定語從句中的用法看似簡單，以下注意點不可無視：1“whe

22、n、“where和“why的運用取就于表時間的名詞、表地點的名詞和表原因的名詞reason在定語從句中所作的成分，比擬下面的幾組句子：*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.*This is the hospital where my mother works.*This is the hospital which/that we visi

23、ted the day before yesterday.*The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.*This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .2) “when、“where和“why都可以替換成“介詞 + which，介詞的選用取就于先行詞和定語從句中的動詞。例如：Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)This is t

24、he room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Marys birthday party. (for which=why)有時定語從句中介詞短語和動詞有意義緊密的修飾關系，尤其在非限制性定語從句中，常使用“介詞 + which結構，而不使用關系副詞。例如：My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.At night the soldier

25、s got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.3) 關系副詞“when、“where既可引導限制性定語從句，也可引導非限制性定語從句。  例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.      He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.      I dont

26、 know the exact spot where they will meet.      Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.有時關系副詞“when、“where引導的限制性定語從句和先行詞有間隔的現象，是為了平衡句子的語法需要。  Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?&

27、#160; The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.4) “that可活用為關系副詞，相當于“when, where、why和“介詞 + which結構，尤其在“the time when等結構中的“when常被“that代替，而且“that往往省略。 I may leave here any time I want to. During the time I was there I visited him twice. This is my second time I

28、 have come to your country.5) “which有時可用作關系形容詞，這是“which在非限制性定語從句中的特殊使用，如：The doctor advised him to give up smoking, which advice he did not follow.定語從句專項練習1This is the place_ John was born?    Awhich  Bwhere  C. when  Dthat2.  He is the only person _ I want to talk

29、 to.    A. that   B. which   C. who   D. whose 3Is this problem _the teacher explained last week?  A the one  Bthat  Cwhich Done4The high building _ stand four policemen is the police station  Awhich    Bthat  Cin f

30、ront of it   D. in front of which5My mother will give Mary a model plane_ she will like to play  Awhich    Bthat  Cfor which    Dwith which6The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far away village.   Auntil&#

31、160; Bthat  C when  Dwhere7There are times_ I wonder why I do this job  Aas  Bwhile  Cwhich  Dwhen8After living in London for thirty years，Mr Smith returned to the small town_ he grew up as a child      which  Bwhere  C that  Dwhe

32、n9They had a long talk about the persons and things_ they both knew Awhom  Bwhat  C. that  Dwhich10That is the very book_ I am looking for.  Athat  Bwhich  Cwhat  Das11Who is the scientist_ is going to give us a talk on space this Sunday?  Athat  Bwho  C. which  Dwhom12The days_ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten.  A. when  Bwhich  Cwho  Don which13A pen friend of