1、CultureofBeerDongWencaiSummary1. Anoldstoryabouttheoriginofbeer.2. Asimpleintroductionaboutbeer.3. Thebeerbrewingindustry'sdevelopment.4. BeerFestivalofallovertheworld.5. TheMunichOktoberfest.（德國慕尼黑啤酒節）6. QingdaointernationalBeerFestival.1. Anoldstoryabouttheoriginofbeer.Beerisoneoftheoldestandp

2、robablythemostpopularalcoholic|beverageintheworld.Thereweremanystoriesabouttheoriginofbeer.Nowadays,peoplethinkthatbeerismorepossiblyoriginatedinwestAsia.TheSumerians（蘇美爾人）foundthatwildbarley,wheatsoakedinthewaterwillbecomeabitmushy.Ifitisexposedintheopenair,thecolorgraduallydeepenedandbubblesappear

3、.Peoplewhodrinkoncefeelverydelicious.Inordertooftendrinkthistastyliquid,theSumeriansconsciouslyharvestalotofwildgrainsandretainseeds,startingtoartificialcultivation（人工培養）.Sogetplentyofgrainisusedtomakedelicious,beerwasborn.2. Asimpleintroductionaboutbeer.Usuallydefinitionofbeerisafermentedalcoholicb

4、everagebrewedfrommaltandflavoredwithhops.Mainlywithriceasthestarchsourceofbeerinourcountry,howevertheEuropeanandAmericancountriesmainlywithcornasthestarchsource.Whenitcomestobeer,wehavetomentionhops.Hopisanimportantrawmaterialforproductionofbeer,itmakebeerhasfragranceandbittertaste.Besides,Hopcanimp

5、rovethedurabilityofbubbles.What'smore,hopscanmaketheproteintoprecipitatewhichisgoodforclarificationofbeer.Beerhasalotofkindsofclassification.Ingeneral,Wedividedintobeerbycolor.Therearestoutbeer,palebeer,brownbeer.3. Thebeerbrewingindustry'sdevelopment.Around4000BC,peopleoftheMesopotamiaregio

6、n（美索不達米亞地區）alreadyhas16kindsofbeerwhichweremadeofbarley,wheatandhoney.In3000BC,bitterscameinto,andItwasfirstdefinedusinghopasbittersinAD768.Inthedevelopmentofbeerindustry,somebiologicalandtheoryhasplayedavitalrole.SuchasPasteurizationmethod（巴氏滅菌方法）andPureyeastculturemethod（酵母純粹培養法）.Thesemethodsletbe

7、erbrewingsciencegotgreatprogress.Fromthenon,Germenbeerispopularwithallovertheworld.Intheendofthe19thcentury,beerenteredChina.ThefirstbreweryinChinawasestablishedbyRussiansinHarbin.In1903,GermanandBritishsetupabreweryinQingdaowhichwaspredecessoroftheTsingtaobrewery.By1993,thetotaloutputofbeerwasonlya

8、ftertheUnitedStates,rankingsecondintheworld.In2002,China'sbeerproductionhasbecometheworld'sfirst.4. FamousbeerbrandBeerFestivalofallovertheworld.NowadaysTherearealotoffamousbeerbrandintheworld,suchasHeinekeninHolland（荷蘭的喜力）、BudweiserinAmerican（美國的百威）、SanCarlsberginDenmark（丹麥的嘉士伯）.Ofcourses,f

9、ormostofusChinese,TsingtaoBeerandHarbinBeeraremorepopular.ABeerFestivalisanorganisedeventduringwhichavarietyofbeers（andoftenotheralcoholicdrinks）areavailablefortastingandpurchase.Beerfestivalsareheldinanumberofcountries.ABeerExhibitionisusuallysynonymouswithaBeerFestivalbut,whilstabeerfestivalmayinv

10、olvealimitedrangeofbeerstylesormanufacturers,withanemphasisonentertainment,useoftheterm"beerexhibition"placesemphasisonsamplingortastingawiderangeofbeers,usuallycraft-brewedinavarietyofdifferentstylesbyvariousbrewers.Theremaybeatheme;forinstancebeersfromaparticulararea,oraparticularbrewing

11、stylesuchaswinterales.Beerexisacommonlyusedportmanteauwordcoinedin1977asanabbreviatedformofBeerExhibition.5. TheMunichOktoberfest.（德國慕尼黑啤酒節）ToinmemoryoftheweddingoftheBavarian（BavarianCrownPrinceLudwigandLouiseprincessonOctober12,1810.ThetimeisFromthethirdSaturdayofSeptembertothefirstSundayofOctober

12、.TheMunichOktoberfestisheldonWiesen,Munich.Inadditiontobeer,Therearealsoalotoftraditionalfood,suchasroastlegsofpork、chicken>sausages（香腸）、pickle（泡菜）、roastoxtails（烤牛尾）.The16-daypartyattractsover6millionpeopleeveryyear,theVisitorsconsumelargequantitiesoffood.Including,1.5milliongallonsofbeer,200,000

13、pairsofporksausage,and480,000spit-roastedchickens.Oktoberfestisalsoknownasmuchforitstraditionalfolkmusicasitisforitsbeerdrinking.ThesceneoftheMunichOktoberfestisgrand,14largerandseveralsmallerbeertentsmugsandbeergardensprovideenoughseatingfor98,000visitorsatatime.Beermaidsandwaitersmustbeabletocarry

14、10ofthesebeer-filledatatime.TheMunichOktoberfestemphasisonentertainment,itisthedifferencefromothers.Beermaidsandwaitersmustbeabletocarry10ofthesebeer-filledmugsatatime.6. QingdaointernationalBeerFestival.TheannualQingdaoInternationalBeerFestivalisheldeveryAugust,integratingeconomictrade,tourism,science,technology,cultureandsports,whichisthelargestbeerfestivalinAsia.ItpromoteseconomicandcultureexchangesbetweenQingdaoandvariouscountries.TouristsmaytasteseveraldozenkindsofbeermadeinChina.TheQingdaoSummerArtFestival,On-WaterSportsCompetition,professionallectures,asandsculpturecontestandanexhib