1、2018年甘肅省蘭州市高三第一次診斷考試英語試題第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分40分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的AB、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ATravelexpertsacrosstheglobepublishmuch-anticipatedliststhataimtoexcitereadersaboutupcomingtraveltrends.Hereisa2018listthaturgestravelerstoexplorenewcities,trynewfood,experiencenewculturesandgainnewviews

2、.ChileThislong,skinnysliceofSouthAmericasuccessfullypacksapowerfulpunch,withstrangecharmsinValparaiso,excellentwineintheMaipoValleyanddiverselandscapesacrosstheArcadianDesert,ChileanPatagoniaandEasterIsland.Flyingisthemostconvenientwaytogetaround,butflightsarenotcheap.Busesaremorewallet-friendly,and

3、Chile'sbussystemisefficient,butbusjourneyscaneasilytake17to36hours.MontenegroThecountry'scoastlineisitsbestfeature,anditswindingcoastalroadsandmountain-meets-oceanscenerycreatetheperfectbackgroundforaroadtrip.SleepyseasidetownsalongtheBayofKotorarehometomom-and-poprestaurantsandeleganthotels

4、,whilethewalledcityofKororoffersviewsoftheclassicredrooftopsoftheAdriatic.MadagascarMadagascar,theworld'sfourth-largestislandoneofthemostbiodiverse（生物多樣的）placesontheplanet,hasbeenrapidlyaffectedbyclimatechange.Visitingthecountrycanserveasaneducationalopportunityfortravelerswhowanttounderstandthe

5、badeffectsofglobalwarmingandirresponsiblehumanactions,Somecan't-missexperiencesinMadagascarincludeswimmingandsnorkelingaroundNosyBe,spottinglemurs（狐猴）inRanomafanaNationalPark,admiringtherockylandscapesofIsaloNationalParkandasunsetwalkalongtheAvenueoftheBaobabs.AbuDhabi,theUAEAfter10yearsofplanni

6、ngandnearly$2billionincosts,theLouvreAbuDhabicelebrateditsgrandopeningonNov.11,2017.Now,loversofartandarchitectureareracingtotheUnitedArabEmirates'capitaltosecitsnewestfeatofmoderndesign-theproductofFrencharchitectJeanNouvel.TheLouvreAbuDhabi'sslogan,“seehumanityinanewlight”,drawsattentionto

7、themuseumAmissiontoemphasizethecommonalitiesandcelebratethedifferencesbetweenEasternandWesternart.s other famous architectural wonder best landmark in TripAdvisor ' sB. It may not help you save time.D. Buses are always very crowded.WhileinAbuDhabi,travelerscanalsocheckoutthecity-SheikhZayedGrand

8、Mosque-whichwasratedtheworldssecond-2017Travelers'ChoiceAwards.1. WhichofthefollowingisadisadvantageoftravellingbybusinChileA.Itisveryexpensive.C.Busesdon'trunatbusyhours.2. WhatdoyouknowabouttravellinginMadagascarfromthepassageA.It'smuchcheaperlogoaroundbybusthanbyplane.B. Youcantakeago

9、odtripalongthebeautifulcoastalroads.C. Youcanlearnmoreabouttheimpactsofclimatechange,D. It'sagoodchancetosecgreenmountainsandredrooftops.3. Ifyouareinterestedinartandarchitecture,youcantravelto.A.ChileB.MontenegroC.MadagascarD.AbuDhabi,theUAEBAsuccessfulbusinessman,addressingthecommercialclubofh

10、iscity,toldastoryofanorphan（孤兒）namedJim.Jimwas12yearsold,whowasthelaughingstockofthewholetown.Heneverrememberedhavingakindwordspokentohiminhiswholelife.OnedayasJimwalkeddownthestreet,hesawsomeflowersslipfromalittlelady'sarmsjustinfrontofhim.Jimgathereduptheflowersandreplacedtheminherarms."T

11、hankyou,dear;youareanicelittleboy."shesaidkindly,andwentonherwayaftergivinghimabrightsmile.Jimwasamazed.Thesewerethefirstkindwordshehadeverheardinhiswholetwelveyearsofexistence.Hestoodandstaredafterheruntilshewasoutofsight,thenhemadestraightforastream.Hesatdownonthebankofthestreamanddidsomethin

12、king."Thankyou,dear;youareanicelittleboy,“hethought.Finallytheboypulledfromhispocketsapieceofbrokenmirrorandlookedathimself.Hesawnothingbutdirt.Hewentdowntothewaterandwashedhisfacecarefully,almostpainfully.Thenhelookedagain.Hescarcelyrecognizedhimself.Hestoodstraightandlookedupinsteadofdownfort

13、hefirsttimesincehecouldremember.Afeedingofself-respectawokewithinhisbeing.Atthatmomentthecourseofhislifewaschanged;adeterminationtobeworthyofthekindwordsspokentohimbythelittlelady,andtopassthemon,tookpossessionofhissoul.AftertellingthisstoryofJim,thespeakerpausedandthenheshockedtheaudiencebysaying,“

14、Gentlemen,Iwasthatboy.Thatgentlewomanimplantedinmylifethefirstseedofkindness.AsatributetohermemoryIhavetoldyouthisstory.”4. Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thelaughingstock"inparagraph2A.Jimlikedplayingjokesonothers.B.Jimwasalwayslaughedatbyothers,C.Jimwasgoodatmakingothershappy.D.Jimhadinterestintelli

15、ngfunnystories.5. WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribetheladyA.Brave.B.Clever.C.Friendly.D.Honest.6. Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph|A. Jimwantedpeopletosaykindwordstoothers.B. Theladybecameveryfamousbecauseofthatstory.C. ItwasthefirsttimeforJimtotellhisstorytoothers.D. Jimmadeatotofmoneyb

16、ytellinghisstoriestoothers.7. Whatisthebesttitleforthetext|A.AStoryofJimB.AGoodLadyC.AKindWordD.ASuccessfulBusinessmanCChildrenallovertheworldwhohavetriedthepotatoorlemonbatteryexperimentsknowthatanelectricalcurrentcanbegeneratedbycreatingareactionbetweenthefoodandtwodifferentmetals.However,research

17、ersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhavefoundawaytoharvestpowerfromtrees.Theyusethesamemetalforbothelectrodes（電極）specificallyinordernottoconfusethiseffectwiththepotatoeffect.Whileprovingthattreescanprovideasourceofpowerisasignificantstep,akeyquestionremains:canthetinyvoltage（電壓）producedbyatree

18、beusedforanythingusefulNowscientistsaredebatingoverhowtousethispowersourceforhumanbenefits.Themostpracticalthingisfirealarmforforestdepartment,originatingfromthetreeitself.Treeselectricpowercanchargeabattery.Thisbatteryinturnwillbeconnectedtoasmallsensor.Thissensorwillpowerabriefradiotransmission（傳送

19、）.Thatradiosignalwilltransportdailysoilandairconditionmeasurementstoanetworkofmuchlarger,solarpoweredForest-Serviceenvironmentalmonitoringstations.Thosesensorswiltalsogiveoutacrisissignalintheeventofasuddenrisein-airtemperature-thatmightindicatetheoutbreakofaforestfire.I“Itrulybelieveithaspotential,

20、"saidVictoriaHenderson,branchchiefforequipmentandchemicalsattheForestServicedNationalInteragencyFireCenter."Ifthiscanenhance（提高）ourexistingtechnologytoadegreethatwouldgainusalotmorefireprotection,thenwe'dlookataplantopurchaseitforournationwideinfrastructure（基礎設施）,whichishuge.”Researche

21、rshavediscoveredthatthegreaterthepHdifferencebetweenthetreeandthesoilthemoretheenergywillbeproduced.Someresearchersalsoadmitthat“treepower"isn'taspracticalassolarenergy,butbelievethatthesystemcouldbescaled-upasalow-costoptionforpoweringtreesensorsthathelpdetectenvironmentalconditionsorfores

22、tfires,Usingtheelectronicoutputtokeeptrackofatree'shealthisanotherpossibility.8. WhydoestheauthormentionthepotatobatteryexperimentinthefirstparagraphA. Toexplainwhatitis.B. Tostresstheimportanceofelectricity.C. Tointroducethepowersourcefromtrees.D. Toencouragepeopletotrythisexperiment.9. Whatdow

23、eknowaboutthefirealarmmentionedinthethirdparagraphA. Thefirealarmcanmakeaveryloudsound.B. Smokefromafirecancausethealarmtogooff.C. Theelectricpoweritneedscomesfromthetree.D. Ithasbeenwidelyusedintheforestdepartment.10. What'sVictoriaHenderson'sattitudetowardsthefirealarmsystemA. Cautious.B.F

24、avorable.C.Disapproving.D.Unconcerned,11.WhatcausestreestocreateelectricalcurrentsB. Thesensorimplantedinthetree.B.Thenewwayadoptedbytheresearchers.C. Thespecialmetalusedinthebatteryexperiment.D.ThepHdifferencebetweenthesoilandthetrees.DInthelastfewyears,youmayhavenoticedtheterra“microplastics"

25、inthenews.Microplasticsaretinypiecesofplasticfromdiscarded（丟棄的）plasticbottles,bagsandcontainersthatendupinrivers,lakesandoceans.Becausetheyaresotinyandhardtosee,researcherssetsailtocollectwatersamplesandestimatetheamountofplasticintheocean.The5GyresInstitute,anorganizationaimedatreducingplasticspoll

26、utioninouroceans,estimatesthat296,000tonsofplasticarefloatingintheworld'soceans.But,ifyouthinkthatoceansaretheonlywaterbodieswithamicropiasticsproblem,thinkagain-theproblemisalsoreportedintheChesapeakeBay,inourownbackyard.Inapartnershipwiththe5GyresInstitute,TrashFreeMarylandtooktotheChesapeakeB

27、ayinNovembertostudythepresenceofmicropiasticsinthewater.SettingoutfromDeale,Md.,theresearchteamcollectedsevensamplesbydraggingatrawl（拖網）foranhouratatime.Thetrawlwasfittedwithacone-shaped（錐形的）net,whoseholesmeasure330microns（微米）wide,aboutthewidthoftwotothreestrandsofhumanhair.Waterflowsthroughthemaino

28、peningandthefinemesh（網眼）ofnetensuresanythingsuspendedmthewateristrappedbehind.Insevensamples,thenetpickedupalgae（海藻）trash,foamandplastic.Accordingtothe5GyresInstituterepresentative,thefirstsamplecollectedcontainedalmost10timestheamountofplasticthanwouldbecollectedinatypicaloceansample.Theplasticfoun

29、dintheChesapeakeBaysamplesincludedbitsofbags,sheeting,fishinglineandmicrobeads,whicharesmallplasticscrubbersmmfoundinfacewash,toothpasteandcleaningproducts.Microbeadsinparticularareamajorsourceofmicroplasticspollutionworldwide.Theyaresmallenoughtobypasswatertreatmentsystems'filters（過濾器）andendupi

30、nwaterways.Scientistswarnthatchemicalsandtoxins（毒素）absorbedbymicrobeadsandothermicropiasticscouldbepassedontoorganismswhomistakethemforfoodandeatthem,andcouldthenbepasseduphigherandhigheronthefoodchain,eventuallyreachinghumans.12. WhatisthesecondparagraphmainlyaboutA.Thedescriptionofthetrawl.B.Theba

31、sicdataofthewatersamples.C.Theprocessofcollectingwatersamples.D.TheintroductionofTrashFreeMaryland.13. Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inthelastparagraphrefertoA.Bitsofbags.B.Chemicals.C.Microbeads.D.Micropiastics.14. HowdocstheauthorproveplasticspollutioncanbeharmfultopeopleshealthA.Byanal

32、yzingthedata.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bygivingsomeexamples.D.Byreferringtoscientistsviews.15. What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageA. Toexplainsomenewscientifictermstopeople.B. Toletpeoplelearnmoreaboutplasticspollution.C. Tourgegovernmentstomakeenvironmentallaws.D. Totellpeoplesomenew

33、findingsinscientificresearch.第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhatisfriendshipTheanswersmaybedifferent.16.Wecannotlivewithoutfriendshipjustaswecannotlivewithoutairandwater.Friendshipgivesusafeelingofsafetyandwarmth,andfriendshipencouragesustogoaheadallthetime.17. Whenwef

34、eelhappy,wecanshareourhappinesswithfriends.Whenwefeeldown,friendswillcomfortus.Ifweareoverconfident,ourfriendscanpersuadeus,andtheycanmakeusconfidentandbravewhenwearediscouraged.Friendshipisvaluable.Itcantouchyourheartandgiveyouhope.Manypeopleareproudofhavingagoodfriend._18_.Ifyouhelpyourfriendsforn

35、oreasonbutsimplybecausetheyareyourfriends,thismeansthatyouregardyourfriendsasyourself.Thisistruefriendship.Infact,friendshipisn'talwayseasilykept._19_,youshouldtreathimorherlikeyouwanttobetreated.Keepthesecretsthatyourfriendtellsyou.Keepyourpromisewithyourfriend.Sharethingswithyourfriend.Stickup

36、foryourfriend.Weshouldtryourbesttoprotectthefriendshipfrombeinghurt.Asanoldsayinggoes,aFriendshipcannotstandalwaysononeside.”Truefriendshipshouldbeabletostandailkindsoftests.Becauseoffriendship,ourlivesarefullofhappiness.Therefore,themorefriendswehave,themorepleasurewecansharewiththem.Let'ssay&q

37、uot;Thankyou"toourfriendsfortheirloveandcare.20,neverforgettokeepthebeautifulfriendship!A. WhenyouwanttokeepafriendB. Ifnot,theirfriendshipstillcannotlastlongC. NomatterwherewegoorwhowebecomeD. EveryoneneedsfriendsandiseagertogetfriendshipE. TruefriendshipmustbesincereandmustnothaveconditionsF.

38、 ButonethingisclearthatfriendshipisthemostimportantthinginourlifeG. Sometimespeoplehavegoodfriendswhentheyareyoungandstudyinginschool.第二部分語言知識運用（共兩節，滿分45分）第一節（共20小題；每小題分;滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。MydaughterKellyisacautiousperson.Sheneedstowarmuptosituations,andis_21_totrynewt

39、hings.Whenwithclosefriends,shebecomesa_22_wholaughsloudlyandchants,“Girlsrule,boysdrool."Butwhenthat_23_zoneisnotaroundher,sheisshyand_24_.Thishasbeenchallengingforme_25_."Shy"isnotawordthatIthinkhaseverbeenusedto26me.Butthishasbeenayearof27formygirlthathasfilledherwithanewsenseof_28_

40、.Thisyearshemovedtolaplaneinswimmingwhereshewaspreparingforaswimteam.Thisyearsheteamedtorideabikewithouttrainingwheels.Andthisyearshe_29_herfirstkids'triathlon（三項全能）.OnSaturday,withathunderstormcomingsoonandmyson'sbirthdaypartylaterintheday,weallwentoutinthedarkofthemorningforKellyto_30_herf

41、irsttriathlon.Wepracticedtransitionsfromswimto_31_andtorunwithher.Wegotalltheequipmentshe'dneedandwekepttalkingaboutthe_32_.Butaswewaitedthetwohoursfortheolderkidstofinishbeforeher33,she34mylegalittleharderandtoldmeshelovedmeafewtoomanytimes.Shewasnervousbuttryingtokeepcalm.Andthenitwastimeforhe

42、rtogo.Fromthesecondshejumpedintothewater,myheart_35_quickly.Mydaughter36intothemostconfidenthumanbeingIhadeverseen.Shedominatedthatswim,crushedthatbikerideandrantothe_37_withthebiggestsmileonherface.IcanhonestlysaythatIneverfeltso38ofsomeoneinmyentirelife.Itwasn'tbecauseshedidasportoranythinglik

43、ethat.Itwasbecauseshewasafraidofsomethingand39thatfearwithconfidenceandafireIhadn'tseenbefore.AlldayIwouldfindmyselfjustlookingoveratherandsmiling.ShemightbewearingthefinalistmedalbutIfeltlikeI_40_thatclay.21.A.braveB.eagerC.hesitantD.willing22.A.troublemakerB.leaderC.thinkerD.fighter23.A.comfor

44、tB.dangerC.hardshipD.compromise24.A.scaryB.nervousC.painfulD.thrilled25.A.sometimesB.sometimeC.ontimeD.attimes26.A.attractB.catchC.describeD.meet27.A.firstsB.secondsC.finalsD.ends28.A.circumstanceB.confidenceC.coincidenceD.dependence29.A.defeatedB.lostC.completedD.quitted30.A.arrangeB.attendC.achiev

45、eD.accompany31.A.busB.bikeC.taxiD.motorcycle32.A.raceB.lifeC.testD.assignment33.A.chanceB.turnC.failureD.success34.A.heldB.pressedC.squeezedD.scratched35.A.settledB.aroseC.sankD.rose36.A.translatedB.transplantedC.transformedD.transported37.A.standB.summitC.deadlineD.finish38.A.ashamedB.sensibleC.pro

46、udD.critical39.A.seizedB.conqueredC.graspedD.possessed40.A.wonB.lostC.reservedD.removed第二節(共10小題；每小題分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Parkour(跑酷)isasportwhichtrainspeopletodealwithanyphysicalobstaclesintheirpath.Itisnotacompetitionbutaphysicaltraining.Apersonjoininginparkouriscalledatraceur.Tr

47、aceursrunalongapathanduseonlytheirbodiestodealwiththeobstaclesinthemostefficientway.Parkourpaysmoreattentiontoefficiency,41(make)itdifferentfromthesimilarpracticeoffreerunning.Parkour42(common)includesrunningjumping,climbing,rollingandothersimilartypesofphysicalmovements.Manyteenagersthinkthatparkou

48、risquite43coolsport.Theyhavegreatinterestinit.The44(invent)ofparkourcan't45(give)toonepersonbecausemanypeoplehaveworkedonit.AFrenchofficerdevelopedtheearlierformofparkour.Theterm“parkour"wasfirstintroducedbyDavidBelleandSebastianFoucanintheearly1980s.46thattime,theyweretwoteenagers.Thisspor

49、t47（become）morepopularinthe1990swhenmanyfilmsweremadeonit.48makesparkourdifferedfromothersportsisitspowertobringpeopletogether.Itallowstraceurstoforgetthe49（society）andotherproblems,andmakesalargegroupworkingandgrowingtogetherinsteadofcompetingwitheachother.Peoplecanbenefitfromparkourasitcanmakethem

50、stronger.Still,italsoinfluencesone'sthoughtprocessbyimprovingself-confidenceandcritical-thinkingskills.Inthisway,parkourallowsonetodealwith50（difficulty）indailylifeifheorshedealswiththemthroughparkour.第三部分寫作（共兩節，滿分35分）第一節短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多

51、有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（A）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。Yesterdayafternoonmyfriends,XiaoMing,andIwentskatingonthelake.Assoonaswegothere,webegantoskatehappily.Suddenly,Inoticedsomethingusual.ThemomentIwarnedXiaoMingtotakecareof,theicebrokebutheslippedintothewater.Ihadnochoicebutcryforhelp.Afterhearingmycry,ayoungmanrushedover,jumpedintothelakeandtriedmybesttoswimtowardsXiaoMing,thatwasstragglinginthecoldwater.Atlast,XiaoMingwassavedbuttheyoungmanleftwithoutsayanything.Wewereallde