1、China bank system structure The Chinese banking system consists of a central bank, a regulatory body, a self-regulatory organization and a banking financial institution.The Peoples Bank of China (PBC) was established on December 1, 1948 based on the consolidation of the Huabei Bank, the Beihai Bank

2、and the Xibei Farmer Bank. In September 1983, the State Council decided to have the PBC function as a central bank. The Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Peoples Bank of China adopted on March 18, 1995 by the 3rd Plenum of the 8th National Peoples Congress has since legally confirmed the P

3、BCs central bank status. With the improvement of the socialist market economic system, the PBC, as a central bank, will play an even more important role in Chinas macroeconomic management. The amended Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Peoples Bank of China, adopted by the 6th meeting of th

4、e Standing Committee of the 10th National Peoples Congress on December 27, 2003, provides that the PBC performs the following major functions: (1) Drafting and enforcing relevant laws, rules and regulations that are related to fulfilling its functions; (2) Formulating and implementing monetary polic

5、y in accordance with law; (3) Issuing the RMB and administering its circulation; (4) Regulating financial markets, including the inter-bank lending market, the inter-bank bond market, foreign exchange market and gold market; (5) Preventing and mitigating systemic financial risks to safeguard financi

6、al stability; (6) Maintaining the RMB exchange rate at adaptive and equilibrium level; Holding and managing the state foreign exchange and gold reserves; (7) Managing the State treasury as fiscal agent; (8) Making payment and settlement rules in collaboration with relevant departments and ensuring n

7、ormal operation of the payment and settlement systems; (9) Providing guidance to anti-money laundering work in the financial sector and monitoring money-laundering related suspicious fund movement; (10) Developing statistics system for the financial industry and responsible for the consolidation of

8、financial statistics as well as the conduct of economic analysis and forecast (11) Administering credit reporting industry in China and promoting the building up of credit information system; (12) Participating in international financial activities at the capacity of the central bank; (13) Engaging

9、in financial business operations in line with relevant rules; (14) Performing other functions prescribed by the State Council.The China Banking Regulatory Commission, since 25/04/2003 referred to as the CBRC, is responsible for the implementation of the national banking financial institutions and th

10、eir business activities. The main functions of the CBRC:(1)Formulate supervisory rules and regulations governing the banking institutions; (2)Authorize the establishment, changes, termination and business scope of the banking institutions; (3)Conduct on-site examination and off-site surveillance of

11、the banking institutions, and take enforcement actions against rule-breaking behaviors; (4)Conduct fit-and-proper tests on the senior managerial personnel of the banking institutions; (5)Compile and publish statistics and reports of the overall banking industry in accordance with relevant regulation

12、s: (6)Provide proposals on the resolution of problem deposit-taking institutions in consultation with relevant regulatory authorities; (7) Responsible for the administration of the supervisory boards of the major State-owned banking institutions; and other functions delegated by the State Council. T

13、he supervisory focuses of the CBRC: (1)Conduct consolidated supervision to assess, monitor and mitigate the overall risks of each banking institution as a legal entity; (2)Stay focused on risk-based supervision and improvement of supervisory process and methods; (3)Urge banks to put in place and mai

14、ntain a system of internal controls. (4)Enhance supervisory transparency in line with international standards and practices.The regulatory objectives of the CBRC (1)Protect the interests of depositors and consumers through prudential and effective supervision; (2)Maintain market confidence through p

15、rudential and effective supervision; (3)Enhance public knowledge of modern finance though customer education and information disclosure; (4) Combat financial crimes. The supervisory and regulatory criteria of the CBRC: (1)Promote the financial stability and facilitate financial innovation at the sam

16、e time; (2)Enhance the international competitiveness of the Chinese banking sector; (3)Set appropriate supervisory and regulatory boundaries and refrain from unnecessary controls; (4)Encourage fair and orderly competition; (5)Clearly define the accountability of both the supervisor and the supervise

17、d institutions; and (6)Employ supervisory resources in an efficient and cost-effective manner The China Banking Association(CBA), Founded in May 2000, is approved by the peoples Bank of China and the Ministry of civil affairs was established and registered in the Ministry of civil affairs of the nat

18、ional non-profit social organizations, is Chinas banking industry self-regulatory organization. After the establishment of the China Banking Regulatory Commission in 2003, the head of China Banking Association shall be changed by the peoples Bank of China to the CBRC. Where the China CBRC approved t

19、he establishment of a banking financial institution with the qualification of independent legal person (including foreign banks in China financial institutions) and by the relevant regulatory approval, with independent legal personality, registered by the Department of civil affairs in the provinces

20、 (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, municipalities) can apply to join the banking association China Banking Association to become a member. Approved by the relevant regulatory agencies, the establishment of the illegal foreign bank branches and representati

21、ve offices in China, and so on, the recognition of the articles of association of China Banking Association, may apply to join the China Banking Association as an observer unit. As of April 2016, the China Banking Association, a total of 585 member units and 4 observer units. Members include policy

22、banks, state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks, city commercial banks, Asset Management Co, the central securities depository and clearing limited liability company, Chinese postal savings banks, rural commercial banks, rural cooperative banks, rural credit cooperatives Council, f

23、oreign banks, rural banks, the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, plan municipalities) banking association, financial leasing companies, money brokerage company, auto finance companies. The observer unit is a China UnionPay Co, the agricultural cr

24、edit bank capital settlement center, the City Commercial Bank of Shandong province cooperation Union Limited, the city commercial bank capital settlement center. China Banking Associations highest authority for the general assembly, by the association to participate in the association of all members

25、 of the unit. The executive body of the General Assembly shall be responsible for the general meeting of the general assembly. The Council of the General Assembly session, responsible for leading the association to carry out the daily work. The Council is not in session, the Executive Council to exe

26、rcise the duties of the board. Executive Board of directors by the chairman of the 1, full-time vice president of 1, a number of vice president, the Secretary General of 1 components. The association shall set up a board of supervisors, consisting of 1 members of the board of supervisors and a numbe

27、r of supervisors. China Banking Association daily service institutions for the Secretariat. The Secretariat is set up by 1 members, the deputy secretary general. China Banking Association member units to promote the realization of common interests for the purpose of performing rights, self-disciplin

28、e, coordination, service function, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the banking industry, the banking industry to maintain market order, improve the quality of employees in the banking sector, improve the level of service to its members, to promote the healthy development of the bank

29、ing industry.The banking financial institutions China include policy banks: 1.China Development Bank: China Development Bank (CDB) was founded in 1994 as a policy financial institution under the direct leadership of the State Council. It was incorporated as China Development Bank Corporation in Dece

30、mber 2008, and officially defined by the State Council as a development finance institution in March 2015.CDB has a registered capital of RMB 421.248 billion. Its shareholders include the Ministry of Finance of the Peoples Republic of China (36.54%), Central Huijin Investment Ltd. (34.68%), Buttonwo

31、od Investment Holding Co., Ltd. (27.19%) and the National Council for Social Security Fund (1.59%).CDB provides medium- to long-term financing facilities that serve Chinas major long-term economic and social development strategies. By the end of 2015, its assets grew to RMB 12.3 trillion, and non-pe

32、rforming loan (NPL) had been kept below 1% for 43 consecutive quarters, with consistently outstanding market performance. Professional credit rating agencies including Moodys and Standard & Poors have rated CDB at the same level as Chinas sovereign rate. CDB is the worlds largest development finance

33、 institution, and the largest Chinese bank for foreign investment and financing cooperation, long-term lending and bond issuance2. The Export-Import Bank of China: Founded in 1994, the Export-Import Bank of China is a state bank solely owned by the Chinese government and under the direct leadership

34、of the State Council. Its international credit ratings are the same as Chinas sovereign ratings. The Bank is headquartered in Beijing. It has more than 20 business branches inside China, one branch and two representative offices outside China. The Banks main mandate is to facilitate the export and i

35、mport of Chinese mechanical and electronic products, complete sets of equipment and new-and high-tech products, assist Chinese companies with comparative advantages in their offshore project contracting and outbound investment, and promote international economic cooperation and trade.3. China Agricultural Development Bank: Since 1994.11, The main responsibility is in accordance with natio