1、職稱英語理工類B級分類模擬3（總分100,考試時間90分鐘）概括大意與完成句子Ahead and Act GloballyThe world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a potential hunger crisis in poor countries and an energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result i

2、s a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more tha n doubled in the past two years. And oil prices have in creased more tha n three times since the start of 2004. These food price in creases, comb ined with in creas ing en ergy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many part

3、s of the world and will even affect political stability.Practical soluti ons to these problems do exist, but we"ll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally. Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis.The first is to promote the drama

4、tic success of Malawi, a country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity. Malawi"s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per pers

5、on annually in the rich world, or $10 billion altogether.Second, the US and Europe should aba ndon their policies of pay ing partly for the cha nge of food into biofuels. The US government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed payment of 51 cents per gall on of etha nol （ 乙醇）cha nged from corn. There ma

6、y be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods tree crops, grasses and wood products but there"s no case for the gover nment to pay to put the world"s dinner into the gas tank.Third, we urgently need to weather-proof the world"s crops as soon and as effectively a

7、s possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes someth ing as simple as a farm pond which collects rain water to be used in dry weather can make the differe nee betwee n a good harvest and a bad one. The world has *mitted to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof vital ec

8、onomic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted upon the promise.1. Paragraph 1.A . Weather-proof the cropsB . The economy crisisC. US and EuropeD . Stop the exchange of food and biofuelsE. The promotion of Malawi modelF. Solutions to the problems2. Paragraph3.3. Para

9、graph4.4. Paragraph5.5. Oil prices have rise n since.A . the beginning of the 21st centuryB . help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivityC. televisions and mobile phonesD. ethanolE. the beg inning of 2004F. establish a Climate Adaptation Fund6. Three years ago, Malawi establishe

10、d a special fund to.7. The US en couraged their farmers to excha nge corn for.8. In order to help the poor regi ons, the world has promised to.Various Diction ariesYou"re probably most familiar with college dictionaries, often called abridged dictionaries. Although abridged means "shortene

11、d", these dictionaries contain more than 150,000 entries and provide detailed defi niti ons that are sufficie nt for most college stude nts and gen eral users. College dictionaries also contain separate lists of abbreviations, biographical and geographical names, foreign words and phrases, and

12、tables of measures. Webster"s n New Riverside University Dictionary and the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language are college dict ion aries.Un abridged dict ion aries contain as many as 500,000 en tries and provide detailed defi niti ons and extensive word histories (etymologies

13、). These dictionaries, possibly in several volumes and mostly found in libraries, are excelle nt sources for scholarly inq uiries. Un abridged dict ion aries include the Oxford English Dictionary and the Random House Dictionary of the English Language.A dict ionary entry has many eleme nts: multiple

14、 defi niti ons, syllabicati on, preferred spell ing and pronunciation (some words have more than one acceptable spelling and pronunciation), and part-of-speech labels. Some entries also include plurals and capitalized forms, synonyms, antonyms, and derivatives. Americanisms and etymologies may be pr

15、ovided along with usage no tes, cross-refere nces, and idioms.If you prefer using the dicti on ary on a computer, you can obta in CD-ROM versions of many major dict ion aries. In additi on, you can access nu merous dict ion aries, such as WWWebster"s Dicti on ary, on the Internet. Online dictio

16、naries allow you to enter a search word (you even get help with spelling) to see a definition, and sometimes even an illustration. Online dictionaries also offer additional features, such as word games, language tips, and amusing facts about words. Some online dictionary services allow you to access

17、 numerous dictionaries, both general and specialized, in one search.Specialized dictionaries provide in-depth information about a certain field. For example, there are dict ion aries for the specialized vocabularies of law, computer tech no logy, and medici ne. In additi on, there are dict ion aries

18、 of synony ms, clich s, sla ng, and eve n&egi onal expressi ons, such as the Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE). There are also dictionaries of foreign Ian guages, famous people"s n ames, literary characters" n ames and place n ames.9. Paragraph 1.A. On li ne dicti on aries

19、B. Un abridged diet ion ariesC. America n diet ion ariesD. Abridged dicti on ariesE. Specialized dicti on ariesF. Webster dict ion aries10. Paragraph2.11. Paragraph4.12. Paragraph5.13. The America n Heritage Dictionary of the En glish Lan guage bel ongs to.A. synonyms, clich s, slang, and even regio

20、nal expressionsB. scholarly inq uiriesC. the specialized vocabularies of law, computer tech no logy, and medici neD. multiple definitions, syllabication, preferred spelling and pronunciationE. un abridged dicti onaryF. abridged dicti onary14. Un abridged dicti on aries could be used as the sources o

21、f.15. The eleme nts un der a dictio nary en try can in clude.16. The Dicti onary of America n Regi onal En glish （DARE） is a dicti onary coveri ng.The Domesticati on of HorsesDomestic （馴養(yǎng)的）horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses were n"t tame （ 馴服

22、的）eno ugh to perform these kinds of tasks. Scien tists think the first in teracti ons huma ns had with horses were far differe nt from those today. Thousa nds of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. Thi

23、s was the first step in domestication.As people bega n to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those ani mals that had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chose n to keep horses that had a gen tle pers on ality so they could be ridden more easily. People who used horses

24、to pull heavy loads would have chose n to keep stron ger ani mals. Characteristics like stre ngth are partly con trolled by the an imals" gen es. So as the domesticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. Each new gen erati on of houses would show more of these

25、 chose n characteristics.Modern day horse *e in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This variety didn"t exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breedstypically reaching only one meter tall. With short, strong legs, the animals were bred to p

26、ull coal out of mi ne shafts （礦井）with low ceil in gs. Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. People bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carry ing heavy loads.The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horses were imp

27、orta nt tools in the adva nceme nt of moder n agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficie ntly. Before they were able to ride horses, huma ns had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time

28、. That en couraged populati ons livi ng in differe nt areas to in teract with one ano ther. The new form of rapid tran sportati on helped cultures spread around the world.17. Paragraph 1.A. Current horses with various shapes and sizesB. How to domesticate horsesC. Choose horses with desirable charac

29、teristicsD. Travel with horsesE. The first step in domestication of horsesF. The in flue nces of domesticat ing horses on societies18. Paragraph2.19. Paragraph3.20. Paragraph4.21. The first step in the domesticati on of horses was to.A. catch horses and raise themB. catch horses and eat themC. carry

30、 heavy loadsD. pull coal out of mine shafts with low ceili ngsE. dem on strate the own er"s fortuneF. en courage *m uni cati on among people22. People used stro ng horses to.23. The Shetla nd horse were bred to.24. Traveli ng by riding horses can.Almost Huma n?Scientists are racing to build the

31、 world"s first thinking robot. This is not science fiction: some say they will have made it by the year 2020. Carol Packer reports mach ines that walk, speak and feel are no Ion ger scie nce fiction.Kismet is the n ame of an an droid （機器人）which scie ntists have built at the Massachusetts In sti

32、tute of Tech no logy （MIT）. Kismet is differe nt from the traditi onal robot because it can show human emotions. Its eyes, ears and lips move to show when it feels happy, sad or bored. Kismet is one of the first of a new gen erati on of an droids robots that look like huma n beings which can imitate

33、 huma n feeli ngs. Cog, ano ther an droid inven ted by the MIT, imitates the actio n of a mother. However, scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental ability of a two-year-old.The optimists （樂觀主義者）say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids （ 機器人） with brains similar to those of al

34、l adult huma n being. These robots will be desig ned to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public.What kind of jobs will they do? In the future, robots like Robon aut, a huma noid inven ted by NASA, will be doing dan gerous jobs, like repairi ng space statio ns.

35、They will also be doing more and more of the household work for us. In Japa n, scie ntists are desig ning an droids that will en terta in us by dancing and play ing the pia no.Some people worry about what the future holds. Will robots become monsters （ 怪物）? Will people themselves become in creas in

36、gly like robots? Experts predict that more and more people wilt be wearing *puters, connected to the Internet, in the future. People will have micro-chips in various parts of their body, which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets （ 小裝置）.Perhaps we should not exaggerate （夸大）the importa nce

37、of tech no logy, but one won ders whether, i n years to come, we will still be falli ng in love, and whether we will still feel pain. Who kno ws?25. Paragraph 1.A. Robots domin ate the earthB. The making of the first thi nking robotC. Kismet and CogD. People"s worry about the futureE. Scie nee

38、fictionF. Jobs robots can do26. Paragraph 2.27. Paragraph 4.28. Paragraph 5.29. Carol Packer states that.A. repair space statio nsB. play ing pia noC. scie ntists can make robots that walk, speak and feelD. robots similar to huma n beings can be built by 2020E. the Massachusetts In stitute of Tech n

39、o logyF. Japan30. The an droid, Kismet, was built in.31. The optimists estimates that.32. Robo naut invented by NASA can.Verne"s Accurate Preview of the FutureSince the begi nning of time, man has bee n in terested in the moon. The Roma ns desig ned a special day to show admirati on and respect

40、 to the moon. They called it "M oon-day", or "M on day", as we know it today. Later, the great mind of Leonardo da Vinci studied the moon and designed a mach ine to carry a huma n to the moon. Leon ardo said that one day a great mach ine bird would take a pers on to the moon and

41、bring great honour to the home where it was born.Four and a half cen turies later, Leon ardo"s idea was realized. Apollo n took three America ns Colli ns, Aldri n, and Armstr ong to the moon. The missi on （任務(wù)）did fill the whole world with great surprise, as Leonardo had said it would. Numerous

42、essays, articles, and books were written about man"s first moon missi on. But perhaps the most in teresti ng story was one writte n before the event over 100 years before.In 1865, French author Jules Verne wrote a story about the first journey to the moon. His story was very similar to the 1969

43、 Apollo n mission. Verne"s spacecraft also contained three mentwo America ns and a Fren chma n. The spacecraft was described as being almost the same size as Apollo n . The launch （發(fā)身寸）site in Verne"s story was also in Florida. The spacecraft in Verne"s story was n amed the "Colu

44、mbiad". The Apollo n comma nd ship was called "Columbia". His acco unt of sending the spacecraft into the space could easily have bee n writte n about how Apollo 11 was sent into the space.Verne"s story was the same as the actual event in several other respects. The speed of Verne"s spacecraft was 36,000 feet per sec ond; Apollo"s was 35, 533 feet per sec ond. Vern