1、UnitTWoContrast Between English and Chinese Languages2.1 Comparative Studies of English and Chinese Languages from a Macroscopic View Point2.2 Hypotactic vs. Paratactic(形合和意合)Hypotaxis: “dependent or subordinate construction orrelationship of clauses with connectives”Parataxis: “the arranging of cla

2、uses one after another withoutconnectives showing the relation between them.”eg. Come if you like.(想來就來吧)Ca). Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in coldcaves and by dim lamps.b)The monk may run away, but never his temple.跑得了和尚，跑不了廟。c).I put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon ju

3、st setting,where rays streamed through the narrow window near my cribs.我趁著月光穿上衣服, 半輪曉月漸漸西沉,月光透過我小床旁邊一個窄窄的窗子射進來。where rays streamed through the narrow window near my cribs. d) In the medical college, she lived the girls dormitory and ate like everybody else in the school canteen. Before daybreak, she

4、她住女生宿舍，在食堂吃大鍋飯，天不亮，她就起來背外語單詞。鈴聲響，她夾著書本去上課，大課小課，密密麻麻的筆記。e) This was an intelligently organized and fervant meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair.這是一次精心組織起來的會議。市政廳里濟濟一堂,熱情洋溢,主持會議的是斯特朗先生。He is the last person for such a job.他最不適合擔任這項工作 f) Somehow our path took us toward the park a

5、cross the footbridge high above the rolling waters of the river. 我們不知不覺地朝公園走去。公園就在人行橋那邊,橋下很深的地方,洶涌的河滾滾流過。2.Synthetic vs. Analytic(綜合性語與分析性語)eg. Oxford is much smaller in numbers. It has, or had till yesterday, fewer students than the university of Toronto.牛津大學在校學生數(shù)比多倫多大學要少多了。牛津大學在校學生數(shù)無論現(xiàn)在還是過去都比多倫多大學

6、少。I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.聽到他這樣講話,我差點笑出來了。(things that may happen in the past)3.Compact vs. Diffusive(緊湊與松散)eg. . A notion has taken hold in the USA to the effect that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them.在美國有

7、一個根深蒂固的觀點,說是只有那些撫養(yǎng)得起子女的民族,才應鼓勵其生育。(收縮成一個復合句).Although lonely in a new land, he was described by his fellow workers and students as cheerful, of a friendly nature, honest and modest.Her life solace was visiting and news.雖然他單身一人,又處在異地他鄉(xiāng),但正如他的同事和學生描述牡那樣,他為人愉快開朗,溫文爾雅,誠實謙虛。.Her lifes solace was visiting

8、and news.他平生的慰藉是探親訪友,打聽消息。(擴展)4. Impersonal vs. Personal(物稱與人稱)eg. Dawn met him well along the way.拂曉時他巳經(jīng)上路好久了。(noun of time)The city witnessed the outbreak of the armed uprising.武裝起義是在這個城市爆發(fā)的。(abstract noun)The avalanche destroyed many houses.由于山崩,許多房屋被毀。Excitement deprived me of all power of utter

9、ance.我興奮得說不出話來。5.Passive vs. Active(被動與主動)*I was so exhausted by all Id been through.我所經(jīng)歷牡一切弄得我筋疲力盡。*A decision will be made as to how the waste can be disposed of.*Water heats easily.關(guān)于廢料如何處理的問題將作出一項決定。*It is universally known that the world is made of matter.人人都知道.*A few years ago, it was thought

10、unusual that programs could ever be called up by viewers to be displayed on their TV screens at home.幾年前人們還認為,觀眾居然能夠打電話要求在自己家里的電視屏幕上播出節(jié)目是一種稀罕的事情。6. Static vs.Dynamic(靜態(tài)與動態(tài)) 喜歡They thought differently.(他們想法不同.) ,要不然就是教你的人很不會教。The computer is a far more careful and industrious inspector than human bei

11、ngs.計算機比人檢查得更細心、更勤快。7. Substitutive vs. Repetitive(替換與重復).Courage in excess becomes fool hardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.The hurricane flattened crops, uprooted trees, washed away roads and rippled off roofs.She is lovely enough to outshine the moon and put the flowers to shame.8. Abst

12、ract vs. Concrete(0.Pregnant and women breast-feeding their children(本意:給自己的孩子喂奶) may need vitamins.(孕婦和哺乳期的婦女可能需要維生素.).The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments.But there had been too much publicity about my case.I have a surprise for you.(我有一件你意想不到牡禮物要送給你.)When he s

13、aw me,he gave me the go-by.(不理不睬)9. Indirect vs Direct()I couldnt feel better.I couldnt agree with you more.He cant see you quick enough.10. Complex vs Simple(繁復與簡單)Many man-made substances are replacing certain naturalmaterials because either the quality of the natural product can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or, more often, because the physical pr