1、Page 21.主語n 主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，主要說明的人或事物。一般位于句首，通常由名詞性的詞來充當。n 可以作主語的詞性 或語法結構：1.名詞2.代詞6.動名詞3.數詞4.名詞化的形容詞（如the richpoordisabled）5.不定式7.主語從句Page 3練習：在下面句子的主語下面畫橫線，并說出由什么充當。 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students i

2、n this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health._（名詞）（名詞）（代詞）（代詞）（數詞）（數詞）(不定式不定式)（動名詞）（動名詞）Page 4The rich should help the poor.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主語，不定式作真正的

3、主語)That he isnt at home is not true. （that引導主語從句。that無意義，僅起連接作用，位于句首不可省略）_（名詞化的形容詞）（名詞化的形容詞）（從句）（從句）Page 5改正下列句中的錯誤，并說明原因。1) He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. 2) That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. 3) Beyond the mountains lie a small village.4) Play basket

4、ball is my favorite sport.5) Give up English is not an option._ lies_Playing在這里指經常打籃球，要用動名詞作主語。在這里指經常打籃球，要用動名詞作主語。_To give up 放棄英語不是一個選擇。放棄英語不是一個選擇。 To give up指具體的某一次。指具體的某一次。(That he failed the exam is .)因為因為why除去作主句的成分之外，除去作主句的成分之外，還起著連接作用。還起著連接作用。Page 62.謂語謂語由動詞充當，說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。謂語的構成如下： 1）簡單

5、謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He practices running every morning.2）復合謂語：由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞構成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I would stay at home all day.Page 73）由系動詞加表語構成。系動詞不能單獨作謂語，要和表語一起作謂語。如：We are students.

6、Your idea sounds great.Page 83.表語n表語多是形容詞，用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態，它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。Page 9畫出下列句中的表語，并說明由什么充當。1) Our teacher of English is an American.2) Is it yours?3) The weather has turned cold.4) The speech is exciting.5) Three times seven is twenty one.6) His job is t

7、o teach English.7) His hobby（愛好）is playing football.8) The machine must be out of order.9) The truth is that he has never been abroad._（名詞）（名詞）（代詞）（代詞）（動名詞）（動名詞）（分詞（分詞/形容詞，這樣的分詞形容詞，這樣的分詞已形容詞化了）已形容詞化了）（數詞）（數詞）（不定式）（不定式）（形容詞）（形容詞）（介詞短語）（介詞短語）（從句）Page 104.賓語1）賓語由名詞性的詞充當，表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于 及物動詞和介詞后面。2) 賓語

8、分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語，分別構成動賓結構和介賓結構。3) 畫出下列句中的賓語, 并說明由什么充當。They planted many trees yesterday. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.- (How many dictionaries do you have?) -I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. I wanted to buy a car. I enjoy listening to popular m

9、usic.I think（that）he is fit for his office._（名詞）（名詞）（代詞）（代詞）（數詞）（數詞）（不定式）（不定式）（動名詞）（動名詞）（賓語從句賓語從句）Page 115.賓語補足語n 英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補足語，才能使句子的意義完整。賓語補足語和賓語構成邏輯上的主謂關系。n 帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等）+賓語+賓補。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。Page 12練習： 用下畫線畫出下列句中的賓語補足語，并指出是什么詞充當，同時體會賓補和賓語之間的邏輯關系。n

10、 His father named him Dongming. n They painted their boat white. n Let the fresh air in. n You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. n We saw her entering the room.n We found everything in the lab in good order.n We will soon make our city what your city is now.n I want your homework done on ti

11、me. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （名詞）（名詞）（形容詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（副詞）（不定式）（不定式）（現在分詞）（現在分詞）（介短）（介短）（從句）（從句）（過去分詞）（過去分詞）Page 136.主補對主語的補充。含有賓語補足語的句子在變成被動語態，賓語作主語時，原來的賓補就成了主語補足語。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.Page 147.定語n 定語是定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短對名

12、詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子語或句子，漢語中常用，漢語中常用“的的”表示。定語通表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前（前置定語）。常位于被修飾的成分前（前置定語）。n 在英語中，許多情況下，在英語中，許多情況下，定語是放在所修飾詞后定語是放在所修飾詞后面的（后置定語）面的（后置定語），這點與漢語習慣不同，也是，這點與漢語習慣不同，也是許多同學不能讀懂長句的主要原因。許多同學不能讀懂長句的主要原因。Page 15a)副詞用作定語一般要后置。 People there are very friendly. (那兒的人們) He didnt like the man downstairs.

13、（樓下的那個人）b)形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后。 單個形容詞作定語常放在所修飾詞之前，而形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后。 The next man is a scientist. The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁邊的那個人） I know an actor suitable for the part. Page 16c)介詞短語作定語時要后置。n The boy under the tree is Tom.（樹下的那個男孩）n The tallest boy in our class is John.（我們班最高的那個男孩）d)現在分詞

14、短語、過去分詞短語、動詞不定式作定語常后置。n I have something to say. (直譯：我有要說的話)n The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那邊哭的那個男孩）n The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）Page 17練習：翻譯下列句子，用下畫線標出定語部分，留意定語的位置，并說明定語是由什么詞性或結構充當。The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mo

15、ther.We need a place twice larger than this one.She carried a basket full of eggs.Its a book worth no more than one dollar.Its a city far from the coast.He has enough money to buy a car._ （介詞短語作后置定語）（介詞短語作后置定語） _（with復合結構復合結構作后置定語）作后置定語） _ （形容詞形容詞短語作后置定語）短語作后置定語） _ （形容詞形容詞短語作后置定語）短語作后置定語） _ （形容詞形容詞短

16、語作后置定語）短語作后置定語） _ （形容詞形容詞短語作后置定語）短語作后置定語） （形容詞作定語)Page 18The man downstairs was trying to sleep.There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat.11.A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.12.He picked up a wallet lying on th

17、e ground on the way back home.13.There are many clothes to be washed. 14.Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.15.The days were gone when he was so poor._ （副詞副詞作后置定語）作后置定語） _ （現在分詞現在分詞短語短語作后置定語）作后置定語） _ （現在分詞現在分詞作后置定語）作后置定語） _ （現在分詞現在分詞作后置定語）作后置定語） _ （現在分詞現在分詞作后置定語）作后置定語） _ （不定式

18、不定式作后置定語）作后置定語） _ （過去過去分詞分詞作后置定語）作后置定語） _ （定語從句修飾定語從句修飾 the days） Page 198.狀語 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子, 說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫作狀語。n He writes carefully. He walks slowly. (修飾動詞用副詞，作狀語)n This material is environmentally friendly. （修飾形容詞用副詞，作狀語）n He runs very slowly. （修飾副詞slowly, 因此very是副詞，作狀語）n Unfortunately, he lo

19、st all of his money. （修飾整個句子用副詞，作狀語）Page 20n 2）可充當狀語的有：副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或 從句。單個副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語 或從句放在句首或句末.n Thank you very much.(副詞表示程度)n The old man is walking slowly. (副詞表示方式)n He usually gets up at six.(副詞表示時間)n We all work here. (副詞表示地點)n I get up at five in the morning.(介詞短語表示時間)n He is studying hard so as to catch up with others. (不定式短語)n We were having breakfast when the telephone rang. (從句)Page 21n【注意】enough作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。如：n He is old enough to go to school.Page 22狀語狀語按用途來分，可以分為時間、地點、方式、原因、結果、目的、條件