1、英語語法時態幾種簡單時態：(1) 一般現在時：表示現階段經常或習慣發生動作或存在的狀態,或說明主語特征。一般現在時句子中常有的時間狀語：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他們每年去一次故宮)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他們經常在晚上商談生意)表示客觀真理、事實、人的技能或現

2、在狀態時句子里一般不用時間狀語。如：Our teacher said that the earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽轉)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快) 表示十分確定會發生(如安排好的事情)或按照時間表進行的事情,用一般現在可以表達將來,句子中可以有將來時間。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(開往海口的列車上午8點開車) 在時間狀語從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as

3、等引導)和條件狀語從句中(以if,unless引導),用一般現在時代替一般將來時,句子可以有將來時間。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國就給我打 ) If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們只好呆在家) 一般現在時用于倒裝句中可以表示正在發生的動作,動詞以come, go為主。如：Here comes the bus. (車來了) / There goes the bell.(鈴響了)。(2) 一般過去時 表示過去某時發生的動作或狀態

4、,這種動作或狀態可能是一次性,也可能經常發生。表示過去具體時刻發生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引導的時間狀語從句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六點鐘起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his fa

5、ther.(他走進房間時發現一個陌生人正和他父親談話)表示過去一段時間內不知何時發生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來到我們市)表示過去一個階段中經常發生的事情時,時間狀語有：last, in, fromto, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was y

6、oung. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.講故事、對過去經歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時,而且經常省略時間狀語。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)(3) 一般將來時 表示將來某一時刻或經常發生的動作或狀態。一般將來時的時間狀語有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon,someday,sometime, in the future, when引導

7、的從句等。用will構成的將來時,表示動作與人的主觀愿望無關。“shall用于第一人稱,“will用于所有人稱。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學畢業了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一個人過了) “am/is/are going to+動詞原形表示打算或準備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發生的事情,而“am/is/are to +動詞原形表示安排或方案中的動作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to

8、 the special baby.(有一個人告訴他們那個婦女就會生下那個特別的男孩)/ Its going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)表示一個人臨時決定要做某事,可以用will表達。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學藥劑). So please wait until I return.(我要到化學實驗室去取些藥品,請等我回來)現在進行時、一般現在時也可以表示將來。(見相應時態) shall和will 在口語的一些疑問句中相當于情態動詞。Shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用。如：Shall we go

9、to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動物園好嗎？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門翻開好嗎？) “be to +動詞原形表示按照方案將要發生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.(4)現在進行時 現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作或是現階段正發生而此刻不一定在進行的動作。 現在進行時由“助動詞be (am is are ) +現在分詞構成。 現在進行時的時間狀語有： now, this , these等,但經常不

10、用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在寫一本長篇小說) 表示即將發生的動作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見的動詞有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：Im coming now.(我就來)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)(5)過去進行時 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在進行的動作。 過去進行時由“was(第一

11、、三人稱單數)或were(第二人稱單數和各人稱的復數)+現在分詞構成。 過去進行時的時間狀語有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的時間狀語從句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天這個時候他正在做晚飯)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的時候她正在玩玩具) 用于賓語從句或時間狀語從句中,

12、表示與主句動作同時進行而且是延續時間較長。句子中通常不用時間狀語。如：She saw it happen when she was walking past.(她路過時看到事情的發生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他們在黑暗的森林里走時唱了很多歌) 注意 在其它的時態中也存在類似問題,記住,關鍵是：瞬間動詞不能和表達一段時間的狀語連用。如：How long may I keep the book?(這本書我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)be(“是/存在)動詞的各種時

13、態變化：一 般 現 在 時一 般 將 來 時現 在 完 成 時I am.You are.He/She/It is.We/You/They are.(I等各人稱) will be.I am He/She/It is going to be We/You/They are I have been.You have been.She/he/It has been.We/You/They have been.一 般 過 去 時過 去 將 來 時過 去 完 成 時I was.You were.He/She/It was.We/You/They were.(I等各人稱) would be.I was He

14、/She/It was going to be We/You/They were I had been.You had been.She/he/It had been.We/You/They had been.注意：句型變化時,否認句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以縮寫為nt (am后面not不可以縮寫)；疑問句將am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。其它謂語動詞(主動語態)的時態變化一覽表：現在時態一 般 現 在

15、 時現 在 進 行 時一 般 將 來 時現 在 完 成 時謂語動詞構成動詞用原形(單三加s / es)(問句和否認句借用助詞do / does)amis +動詞-ingarewill + 動詞原形amis +going to+動詞原形arehave +過去分詞has過去時態一 般 過 去 時過 去 進 行 時過 去 將 來 時過 去 完 成 時謂語動詞構成動詞用過去式(問句和否認句借用助詞did)was +動詞-ingwerewould + 動詞原形was+going to+動詞原形werehad +過去分詞時態綜合練習一1. Turn on the television or open a

16、magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families.A. will often see          B. often see C. are often seeing          D. have often seen2. I _ you not to move my dictionarynow I cant find it.A

17、. asked                     B. Ask C. was asking                 D. had asked3. Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no

18、 idea. He _ it this morning.A. did                         B. has done C. was doing               D. had done4

19、. Whats that terrible noise?The neighbors _ for a party.A. have prepared           B. are preparing C. prepare             D. will prepare5. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class

20、, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was                        B. were C. had been              

21、60;      D. would be6. Because the shop _ , all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed down         B. closed down C. is closing down        D. had closed down時態綜合練習二1. You havent said

22、 a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A. wasnt saying             B. dont say C. wont say          

23、;  D. didnt say2. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.Where was I?You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A. had said                       B. said C. were saying   

24、;               D. had been saying3. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression.A. hadnt left                B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave           D. hasnt left4. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A. will play