1、數字電路與邏輯設計實驗報告選題：電子沙漏的設計與實現班級：學號：姓名：序號：2014年11月12日一、任務要求：1、相關知識：沙漏是一種古老的計時工具，也是一種玩具。電子沙漏用發光二極管表示沙 粒，模擬沙漏的運動過程。電子沙漏會像真正的沙漏一樣，上部的沙粒（點亮的 發光二極管）一粒一粒往下掉，下部的沙粒一粒一粒堆起來。在結構上，兩組各16個發光二極管分別排列成為兩個三角形， 如圖1所示 其中：VDOVD15位于上部，排列成倒三角形；VDO'VD15'位于下部，排列成 正三角形。兩個三角形的頂尖相對，組成沙漏形狀。當上部有一個發光二極管熄 滅時，相應地下部就有一個發光二極管點亮，

2、模擬了沙粒的運動。oooooooo ooooooo oooooo ooooo oooo ooooo oooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooo ooooo ooooo oooooo ooooooooooo oooo oooo ooo» oooooooooooo oeetoooo oooo圖1電子沙漏示意圖2、基本要求： 采用8*8雙色點陣顯示電子沙漏的開機界面，如圖 2所示。其中紅色 LED代表沙漏的上半部分沙粒 VDA VD15綠色LED代表沙漏的下半部分 VDO' VD15'。ooooooo oooooo ooooo oooo OOO

3、OO OOOOOO ooooooo卜 VDOVDL5:VB(r VD1 用圖2開機界面 用撥碼開關SW1模擬重力感應器。當SW偽低電平時，沙粒從VD（VD15 向VDO'VD15'移動；當SW偽高電平時，沙粒從 VDO'VD15'向VD（VD15移 動。 按鍵BTNO作為計時啟動停止按鍵，啟動后沙粒即可按照 SW1設定的方 向移動，以SW為低電平時為例，LED移動的順序與對應關系如圖3的116所 示（若SW偽高電平，則點陣顯示移動順序為161）。每顆沙粒的移動時間為1 秒，當移動到圖3的16時，若SW1仍為低電平，則保持沙粒不動，但計時繼續， 直到SW1的電平發

4、生變化或者BTNO計時停止。OOOOOOQO000000000000000000000000 ooosoooo00«««0 a*too QO999QQO 000*0000 00000000 oooooooo 0000000000*»0000000««0 y “00a ooe o o oo 00000000 oooooooo 00000000 00>*C)00«ooao««oCQ 00c oo« 0 C 00 coooocoo aooooooo oooooooo9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5、0 00001000000000000000000000000000000000 O»O0«*««00 oo»»»ooo oootoooo 00000000 oooooaoo oooooooooooooaoooo»»»cao 000*0000 aooooooo oooooooo O OOO O 0 00 0COOOOOOOoo»«»aoo 00040000 cooooooo cooooooo oootocoo 9000000000 oooooooo 00>01

6、000 OOOIQOOO 00000000 OOOSOOOO o*i*550000000000000000 ooooeooo oaotooao 00000000 oo*eooooDoooooooo 00000000 oooooaoo oooeooao 00000000 O O 00 "co o00000000 oooaocoo cooooooo oooooaoo 000*0000 a o*o oo«o圏3電LED移動順序示意聞 設計實現一個60秒計時器，當按鍵BTNO啟動時開始工作，用于在沙粒 移動過程中進行計時校準，并用數碼管 DISPO- DISP1顯示計時結果。3、提

7、高要求： 可以調節控制電子沙漏的流動速度。 用多種方式呈現電子沙漏界面。 自行設定沙粒的移動路徑，顯示每顆沙粒的移動過程。 外接重力感應器，實現真實的電子沙漏功能。 自擬其它功能。、系統設計:總體框圖:防抖模塊輸入時鐘W主程序譯碼模塊輸出譯碼數碼管、點陣顯示分塊設計： 輸入模塊：由btn按鈕和撥碼開關構成。采用序列存儲的方式存儲相應 的輸入。 輸入譯碼模塊：將輸入的符號序列轉化成先用狀態，以便選取對應的計 算方法；將輸入的8421bcd碼轉化成相應的兩位十進制數。 數碼管、點陣顯示模塊：將寄存器內的數進行輸出到數碼管上。 防抖模塊：在用按鍵輸入時，所得到的信號可能會有抖動，因此加入此抖動電路。

8、流程圖:幵始三、仿真波形及波形分析:點陣顯示采用行掃描模式kW口I彳 q pihM11?uti*1 alir0.En4A丿ftXQ. p 起G49.Q u恤甲lib】.茸堪LB gl.1£ 4i2.1 u匚時疋9u«?l 9M 5 Jl2卻i-.aTrnrr1廠SQ9 IhWi小t. ；燉l .t <l nc >HP!ZZ1C*50 ' *"訂-i s Ta11ILML«也L£_iTn_Li_ll_rF 門:jr-E*3Ir. 51廠-+tr.je0時''''L_Liyus茅L 13AL1r&

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10、 :Quartus II 9.1-Author :Wang Ho ngjie 2012210176-Revisio n :Versio n 1.0,2014-11-3 library ieee;use ieee.std _lo gic_1164.all;en tity shalou is系統時鐘撥碼開關SW1控制沙粒移動方向 啟動暫停復位速度行掃描七段數碼管數碼管選擇port(clk:in std_logic;-sw:in std_logic;-bto:in std_logic;-bt1:in std_logic;-bt2:in std_logic;-lieh:out stdo gic_vec

11、tor(7 dow nto 0); -RED liel:out stdo gic_vector(7 dow nto 0); -GREEN han g:out std_logic_vector(7 dow nto 0);- a:out stdo gic_vector(6 dow nto 0);-cat:out std_logic_vector(5 dow nto 0);- end en tity;Architecture a of shalou issig nal temp:i nteger range 0 to 49999;sig nal clktmp:std_logic;sig nal cl

12、kout : std_logic;sig nal temp1:i nteger range 0 to 199;sig nal clktmp1:std_logic;sig nal clkout1 : std_logic;sig nal temp2:i nteger range 0 to 299;sig nal clktmp2:std_logic;sig nal clkout2 : std_logic;sig nal qt: in teger range 0 to 5;sig nal bto_tmp: std_logic;sig nal bto_out: std_logic;sig nal qt1

13、: in teger range 0 to 5;sig nal bto_tmp1: std_logic;sig nal bto_out1: std_logic;sig nal qt2: in teger range 0 to 5;sig nal bto_tmp2: std_logic;sig nal sudu:i nteger range 0 to 2;sig nal sudu_t:i nteger range 0 to 299;sig nal q:i nteger range 0 to 60;sig nal p:i nteger range 0 to 16;sig nal ge:i nteg

14、er range 0 to 9;sig nal shi:i nteger range 0 to 9;sig nal dz_k on gzhi:i nteger range 0 to 7;sig nal cat_k on gzhi:i nteger range 0 to 1;時鐘分頻beginp1:process(clk)-beginif clk'eve nt and clk='1' the nif temp=49999 then temp<=0;clktmp<=not clktmp;elsetemp<=temp+1;end if;end if;end

15、process p1;clkout<=clktmp;p2:process(clkout)-beginif clkout'eve nt and clkout='0' the n if temp仁199 then temp1<=0;clktmp1<= not clktmp1; elsetemp1<=temp1+1;end if;end if;end process p2;clkout1<=clktmp1;p3:process(clkout1)beginif clkout'eve nt and clkout='0' the

16、 nif cat_k on gzhi=0 the n cat_k on gzhi<=1;else cat_k on gzhi<=0;end if;if dz_k on gzhi=7 the n dz_k on gzhi<=0;else dz_k on gzhi<=dz_k on gzhi+1;end if;end if;end process p3;p4:process(clkout,qt,bto,qt1,bt1,qt2,bt2)beginif clkout'eve nt and clkout='0' the nif bto='1'

17、; the nif qt=5 the nelseqt<=qt+1;end if;if qt=4 the nbto_tmp<='1'elsebto_tmp<='0'end if;elseqt<=0;end if;end if;if clkout'eve nt and clkout='0' the nif bt1='1' the nif qt1=5 thenelseqt1<=qt1+1;end if;if qt1=4 thenbto_tmp1<='1：elsebto_tmp1<

18、='0：end if;elseqt1<=0;end if;end if;if clkout'eve nt and clkout='0' the nif bt2='1' the nif qt2=5 thenelseqt2<=qt2+1;end if;if qt2=4 thenbto_tmp2<='1'elsebto_tmp2<='0'end if;elseqt2<=0;end if;end if;end process;p5:process(bto_tmp,bto_tmp1)begini

19、f(bto_tmp'eve nt and bto_tmp='1')the n bto_out<=not bto_out;elsebto_out<=bto_out;end if;if(bto_tmp1'event and bto_tmp1='1')then bto_out1<=not bto_out1;elsebto_out1<=bto_out1;end if;if(bto_tmp2'event and bto_tmp2='1')then if(sudu=2) the n sudu<=0;els

20、e sudu<=sudu+1;end if;end if;end process;p6:process(sudu)begincase sudu iswhe n 0 =>sudu_t<=199;whe n 1 =>sudu_t<=99;when 2 =>sudu_t<=299;end case;end process;p7:process(clkout,sudu_t)-fen pinbeginif clkout'eve nt and clkout='0' the nif temp2=sudu_t the n temp2<=0

21、; clktmp2<= not clktmp2;elsetemp2<=temp2+1;end if;end if;end process ; clkout2<=clktmp2;-ji shu qip8:process(bto_out,clkout1,sw)beginif (bto_out='0') the nelsif(bto_out1='1') thenq<=O;p<=O;-q:miao zhong ji shu,p:dia nzhe n zhua ng tai ji shuelsif (q=60) thenelseif (clk

22、out1'eve nt and clkout仁'1' ) THEN q<=q+1;end if;if (clkout2'eve nt and clkout2='1' ) THEN if(sw='0' ) the nif(p<16) then p<=p+1;elseend if;elsif(sw='1' ) the n if(p>0) then p<=p-1;elseend if;end if;end if;end if;end process ; shi<=q/10; ge<

23、;=q rem 10;p9:process(cat_k on gzhi,ge,shi)beginif cat_k on gzhi=0 the ncat<="011111"case ge iswhe n 0 =>a<="1111110"-0 when 1 =>a<="0110000"-1whe n 2 =>a<="1101101"-2when 3 =>a<="1111001"-3whe n 4 =>a<="0110011&

24、quot;-4whe n 5 =>a<="1011011"-5 when 6 =>a<="1011111"-6 when 7 =>a<="1110000"-7 whe n 8 =>a<="1111111"-8 whe n 9 =>a<="1111011"-9 -when others =>a<="0000000"end case;elsif cat_k on gzhi=1 the n cat<=&q

25、uot;101111"case shi iswhe n 0 =>a<="1111110"-0 when 1 =>a<="0110000"-1 whe n 2 =>a<="1101101"-2 when 3 =>a<="1111001"-3 whe n 4 =>a<="0110011"-4 whe n 5 =>a<="1011011"-5 when 6 =>a<="10111

26、11"-6 when 7 =>a<="1110000"-7 whe n 8 =>a<="1111111"-8 whe n 9 =>a<="1111011"-9 -when others =>a<="0000000"end case;end if;end process ; p10:process(p)begincase p is when 0 => case dz_k on gzhi is when 0 =>ha ng<="011

27、11111" lieh<="11111110"liel<="00000000" whe n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"lieh<="01111100"liel<="00000000" when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111"lieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000" when 3 =>hang<="

28、;11101111"lieh<="00010000"liel<="00000000" when 4 =>hang<="11110111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000" when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00111000" when 6 =>ha ng<=&qu

29、ot;11111101"lieh<="00000000"liel<="01111100" when 7 =>hang<="11111110"when others =>hang<="11111111"end case;when 1 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111"lieh<="11101110"liel<="00010000&q

30、uot; whe n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"lieh<="01111100"liel<="00000000" when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111"lieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000" when 3 =>hang<="11101111"lieh<="00010000"liel<="0000000

31、0" when 4 =>hang<="11110111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000" when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00111000" when 6 =>ha ng<="11111101"lieh<="00000000"liel<="01111

32、100" when 7 =>hang<="11111110"lieh<="00010000"liel<="11101110"when others =>hang<="11111111" end case;whe n 2 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111"lieh<="11001110"liel<="00110000" w

33、he n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"lieh<="01111100"liel<="00000000" when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111"lieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000" when 3 =>hang<="11101111"lieh<="00010000"liel<="00000000"

34、; when 4 =>hang<="11110111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000" when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00111000" when 6 =>ha ng<="11111101"lieh<="00000000"liel<="01111100&qu

35、ot; when 7 =>hang<="11111110"lieh<="00110000"liel<="11001110"when others =>hang<="11111111" end case;whe n 3 =>case dz_k on gzhi islieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000" when 3 =>hang<="11101111"lieh<

36、="00010000"liel<="00000000" when 4 =>hang<="11110111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000" when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00111000" when 6 =>ha ng<="11111101"lieh&l

37、t;="00000000"liel<="01111100" when 7 =>hang<="11111110"lieh<="00111000"liel<="11000110"when others =>hang<="11111111" end case;when 4 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111"lieh<="100

38、00110"liel<="01111000" whe n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"lieh<="01111100"liel<="00000000" when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111"lieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000" when 3 =>hang<="11101111"lieh<="

39、00010000"liel<="00000000" when 4 =>hang<="11110111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000" when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00111000" when 6 =>ha ng<="11111101"lieh<=&quo

40、t;00000000"liel<="01111100" when 7 =>hang<="11111110"lieh<="01111000"liel<="10000110"when others =>hang<="11111111" end case;when 5 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111"lieh<="10000010&q

41、uot;liel<="01111100" whe n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"when 4 =>hang<="11110111" lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000"when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00111000"when 6 =>ha ng<=&

42、quot;11111101"lieh<="00000000"liel<="01111100"when 7 =>hang<="11111110" lieh<="01111100"liel<="10000010"when others =>hang<="11111111"end case;when 6 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111

43、" lieh<="00000010"liel<="11111100"whe n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"lieh<="01111100"liel<="00000000"when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111" lieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000"when 3 =>hang<="111011

44、11" lieh<="00010000"liel<="00000000"when 4 =>hang<="11110111" lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000"when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00111000"when 6 =>ha ng<="11111

45、101"lieh<="00000000"liel<="01111100"when 7 =>hang<="11111110" lieh<="11111100"liel<="00000010"when others =>hang<="11111111"end case;when 7 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111" lie

46、h<="00000000"liel<="11111110"whe n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"lieh<="01111100"liel<="00000000"when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111" lieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000"when 3 =>hang<="11101111"li

47、eh<="00000000"liel<="01111100"when 7 =>hang<="11111110" lieh<="11111110"liel<="00000000"when others =>hang<="11111111"end case;whe n 8 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111" lieh<=&quo

48、t;00000000"liel<="11111110"whe n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"lieh<="01101100"liel<="00010000"when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111"lieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000"when 3 =>hang<="11101111"lieh<=&quo

49、t;00010000"liel<="00000000"when 4 =>hang<="11110111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000"when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011" lieh<="00000000"liel<="00111000"when 6 =>ha ng<="11111101"lieh<=&quo

50、t;00010000"liel<="01101100"when 7 =>hang<="11111110" lieh<="11111110"liel<="00000000"when others =>hang<="11111111"end case;whe n 9 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111"lieh<="00000000&q

51、uot;liel<="11111110"whe n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"lieh<="01001100"liel<="00110000"when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111"lieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000"when 3 =>hang<="11101111"lieh<="00010000&q

52、uot;liel<="00000000"when 4 =>hang<="11110111" lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000"when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"end case;whe n 10 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111" lieh<="00000000"liel<=&

53、quot;11111110"whe n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"lieh<="01000100"liel<="00111000"when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111" lieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000"when 3 =>hang<="11101111" lieh<="00010000"liel<

54、="00000000"when 4 =>hang<="11110111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000"when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00111000"when 6 =>ha ng<="11111101" lieh<="00111000"liel<

55、="01000100"when 7 =>hang<="11111110" lieh<="11111110"liel<="00000000"when others =>hang<="11111111"end case;when 11 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111" lieh<="00000000"liel<="1111

56、1110"whe n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"lieh<="00000100"liel<="01111000"when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111" lieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000"when 3 =>hang<="11101111"lieh<="00010000"liel<="000

57、00000"when 4 =>hang<="11110111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000"when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00111000"when 6 =>ha ng<="11111101" lieh<="01111000"liel<="000

58、00100"when 7 =>hang<="11111110"when others =>hang<="11111111"end case;when 12 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="11111110" whe n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"lieh<="0

59、0000000"liel<="01111100" when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111"lieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000" when 3 =>hang<="11101111"lieh<="00010000"liel<="00000000" when 4 =>hang<="11110111"lieh<="

60、00000000"liel<="00010000" when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00111000" when 6 =>ha ng<="11111101"lieh<="01111100"liel<="00000000" when 7 =>hang<="11111110"lieh<=&quo

61、t;11111110"liel<="00000000"when others =>hang<="11111111" end case;whe n 13 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="11111110" whe n 1 =>ha ng<="10111111"lieh<="000000

62、00"liel<="01111100" when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111"lieh<="00101000"liel<="00010000" when 3 =>hang<="11101111"lieh<="00010000"liel<="00000000" when 4 =>hang<="11110111"lieh<="00000

63、000"liel<="00010000" when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00010000"liel<="00101000" when 6 =>ha ng<="11111101"lieh<="01111100"liel<="00000000" when 7 =>hang<="11111110"lieh<="111

64、11110"liel<="00000000"when others =>hang<="11111111" end case;whe n 14 =>case dz_k on gzhi islieh<="00001000"liel<="00110000" when 3 =>hang<="11101111"lieh<="00010000"liel<="00000000" when 4 =>

65、;hang<="11110111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000" when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00110000"liel<="00001000" when 6 =>ha ng<="11111101"lieh<="01111100"liel<="00000000" when 7 =&

66、gt;hang<="11111110"lieh<="11111110"liel<="00000000"when others =>hang<="11111111" end case;whe n 15 =>case dz_k on gzhi iswhen 0 =>ha ng<="01111111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="11111110" whe n 1 =>ha ng&

67、lt;="10111111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="01111100" when 2 =>ha ng<="11011111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00111000" when 3 =>hang<="11101111"lieh<="00010000"liel<="00000000" when 4 =>hang

68、<="11110111"lieh<="00000000"liel<="00010000" when 5 =>ha ng<="11111011"lieh<="00111000"liel<="00000000" when 6 =>ha ng<="11111101"lieh<="01111100"liel<="00000000" when 7 =>hang<="11111110"lieh<="11111110"liel<="0