1、Lecture 1 冠詞及用法講解教學目標：1. 了解 a, an ,the 三個冠詞。2掌握冠詞的使用（一）課前小測、1. Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in weather around the world.A. /, theB. the, /C. an, theD. the, a2. Let ' s go to cinema-that ' ll take your mind off the problem forwhile.A. the, the B. the, aC. a, the

2、 D. a, a3. It ' s _n_o_t _good idea to drive for four hours without break.A. a, a B. the, aC. the, the D. a, the4. - I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain, it is nowonder you were late.A. a, a B. the, the C./, /D./, a5. In t

3、he United States, there is always flow of people to areas ofcountry where more jobs can be found.A. a, the B. the, a C. the, theD. a, a6. In many places in China, bicycle is still popular means oftransportation. A. a, the B. /, a C. the, a D. the, the7. apple fell from the tree and hit him on head.A

4、. An, the B. The, the C. An, / D. The, /8. My neighbor asked me to go for walk, but I don' t think I' ve got energy. A. a, /B. the, the C. /, theD. a, the9. There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which couldfall down onto earth. A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填D. a; the

5、10. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get secondchance to make first impression.A. a; theB. the; theC. a; aD. the; a（二）知識要點、英語中的冠詞有三種：定冠詞、不定冠詞、零冠詞。一、不定冠詞：基本用法 不定冠詞用于單數可數名詞之前，其中a用于以輔音音素（輔音音素24個/p/、/b/、/t/、/d/、/m/、/I/、/r/等,不是輔音字母）開始的詞前。而an是用于以元音音素（元音音素20個/i:/、/i/、/e/、/au/等，不

6、是元音字母a，e，i，o，u）開始的詞前。女口： a university ，a useful tool ， a computer， anorange， an hour， an 800-meter bridge，典型例句1、與可數名詞單數連用，表示類別。-I kno cked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.-You should n't put drinks near a computer. （ 2006 年北京卷）2、泛指某人或某物，表示“某一個"，相當于a certain。 -Hello, coul

7、d I speak to Mr. Smith?（2006 年全國 I 卷）-Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here.3、用于數量、時間等名詞前，表示“每一（單位）的”相當于I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.（2003 年上海卷）4、用于固定詞組中。 a knowledge of ， have a gift for ，give sb. a_ride ， a_ couple of， have a_ good time ，keep a_ d

8、iary ，in a hurry ，once in a_while ， at a loss，tell a lie， do sb. a_favor。二、定冠詞的基本用法1、用來特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名詞常被短語或定語從句所所修 飾。Of all the reas ons for my decisi on to become a uni versity professor, my father's advice was the most importa nt one.2、指說話的雙方都知道的人或事物。Don't worry if you can't come

9、 to the party. I'll save some cake for you.3、 復述上文中提至曲勺事物。There is a shelf in my father's room. The shelf is n ew.4、用于單數可數名詞之前，表示該類事物，相當于 a。Whe n you come here for your holiday n ext time, don't go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat.the5、序數詞和形容詞最高級前。比較級前若表示特指時也要用定冠詞The cakes a

10、re delicious. He'd like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small.I want to chat with the taller of the two men.6、在表示方位、樂器的名詞前。Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny.play the piano, play the violin7 、用于復數姓氏之前，表示“夫婦”或“全家”。the Smiths8、表示世界上獨一無二事物的名詞前。

11、the sun ，the moon ，the earth ，theworld 。 9、用于由普通名詞構成的專有名詞、江河、山脈、湖泊、海洋、群島、海 峽、海灣運河及某些建筑物等名稱前。According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the Capital Airport.10、在某些形容詞之前，可表示某一類人。t

12、he rich ，the poor ，the old ，the wounded ，the living ，the dead 。三、不用冠詞 （零冠詞 ）情況：1、人名、地名（街名、廣場名、公園名）、大學名、國名、病名前。Wang Fu Jing Street ， Pei Hai Park 北海公園， Beijing University 但也可說 the University of Beijing 。2、抽象名詞表示一般概念時，一般不用冠詞。When you finish reading the book,you will have a better understanding of life

13、.3、物質名詞表示一般概念時，一般不用冠詞。The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.We4 、表示職位或頭銜的抽象名詞前，常不用冠詞。但表示具體的人時，加 the 。 will elect engineer Liu director of our factory.類似的名詞還有： president ，monitor ， headmaster ，mayor 等。5 、表示季節、月份、星期幾、節、假日等表示時間的名稱前，不用冠詞。但我國的 陰歷節前要用 the 。 Childr

14、en's Day ， Women's Day ，May Day the Spring Festival 6、三餐、學科名稱、球類活動和棋類游戲的名稱前，不用冠詞。play basketballplay chess 。7、man 作“人類”講時，同 human ， mankind 一樣不用冠詞。While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed man's understanding of color.8、by

15、 與表示“通信、交通”的詞連用，表示通信,交通手段時，不用冠詞。If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one.9、復數名詞前不用冠詞泛指類別。It is often said that teachers have a very easylife.10、有些名詞與介詞搭配表示抽象意義，不加冠詞，常作狀語。His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to

16、 the public.in surprise/wonder/danger/tears/comfort， in love with ， under pressure ，beyondexpression 等。典例精析：1. walk is expected to last all day, so bring packed lunch.A. A ； a B. The ； 不填 C. The ； a D. A ； 不填解析： the walk 是指大家心中都明白的 walk ，因此用定冠詞特指； a packed lunch 是泛指，指一份盒飯。答案： C。2. -Could you tell me

17、 the way to Johnsons, please? -Sorry, we don'thave Johnson here in the village.A. the ； the B. the ； a C 不填； the D. the ； 不填解析：“ the + 復數姓氏”表示“夫婦”或“全家”。在人的姓前加 a ，表示“某個 姓 , 的人”。所以選 B 。3. I looked under bed and found book I lost last week.A. the ； a B. the ； the C. 不填； the D. the ； 不填解析： bed 特指說話的

18、雙方心目中的那張床，要用定冠詞the 。 book 后接定語從句，特指上周丟失的那本書，要用定冠詞 the 。所以選 B 。4. I wanted to catch early train, but couldn't get ride to the station.解析：early train特指早班火車，要用定冠詞the 。 ride表示泛指要用不定冠詞a。所以選 D 。5. Christmas is special holiday when whole family are supposed toget together.A. the ； the B. a ； a C. the ；

19、 a D. a ； the解析：這句話的意思是：圣誕節是一個整個家庭應該聚在一起的特殊的節日。Aspecial holiday “一個特殊的節日”，是泛指，用不定冠詞 a 。 the whole family 特指 “整個家庭”，用定冠詞 the 。所以選 D 。 冠詞用法口訣四冠詞的活用。1. 抽象名詞具體化時，被具體化的名詞可能會和 a, an 連用。 如 a heavy rain, asurprise 一件驚奇的事 , a pleasure, a success/ failure 等。 Exercises: 1. I don 't think my chances of succ

20、ess were very good.2. The gift came as complete surprise to me.2. 表示世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前面一般要加定冠詞，但是如果此類名詞有修飾 成分，也可以用 a/ an 如： the moon, a full moon, in the world, in a world without air3. 牢記高考中常見的純不可數名詞，它們前面永遠不能加不定冠詞。如：weather,space, fun, advice, news, information, progress4. 專有名詞前冠詞的用法比較復雜，但一般情況下不含普通名詞的專

21、有名詞前不用冠詞，如 Beijing, New York. The Changjiang River, The Great Wall5. 易混結構the +比較級 表示兩者中比較的一個the taller one of the two brothers a + 比較級， 表示一個更的The story is not very interesting. I will tell you a more interesting one.a most= a very 無比較范圍，無比較含義 He is a most hard-working student.the + 序數詞 表示順序 This is

22、the second one.a/an + 序數詞 , 不表順序，表示又一，再一 can you give me a second chance?1.recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .wouldbe higher than the number of English speaker by year 2090.A, the the B. A, /C. The, /D. The, a2.If you go by train ,you can have quite a comfortable jo

23、urney ,but makesure you get fast one.A. /, /B./, aC. the, aD./,/3. It is often said that teachers have very easy life.A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a4. I can ' t remember when exactly the Rboinsons left city, I only remember itwas Monday.A. the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a5. If you grow up

24、in large family ,you are more likely to develop abilityto get on well with others .A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the6. Mrs ,Taylor has8-year-old daughter who hasgift for painting-she haswon two national prizes.A. a, aB. an ,theC. an ,aD. the ,a7. After dinner he gave Mr. Richar

25、dson ride to Capital Airport.A .the, aB. a theC. /, aD. /, the8. On May,2005,at _World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHao won the gold medal in men's with score of 4:1.A. a ,aB. / theC. a ,/D. the ,a9. I knew John Lennon ,but not famous one.A. /,aB. a ,theC. /,theD. the, a10. T

26、he book tells life story of John Smith ,who left school and workedfor a newspaper at the age of 16.A. the, theB. a , theC. the./D. a,/11. When you come here for your holiday next time, don't go to hotel ; I canfind you bed in my flat.A. the, aB. the,/C. a ,the D. a,/12. If you buy more than ten,

27、 they will knock 20 pence off.A. a priceB. priceC. the priceD. prices13. on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speakingCanadians is major concern of the country.A. The, /B. The ,aC. An ,theD. An,/14. When he left college ,he got a job as reporter in a newspaperoffice . A. /

28、, aB /, theC .a theD .the, the15. The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in Industrial Revolution.16. While he was in vestigati ng ways t improve the telescope Newt on madediscovery which completely changedman' s understanding of color.A. a, /B. a ,theC. /, theD

29、. the ,a17.lt isworld of won ders,world where any thi ng can happe n.A. a. the|B. a, a|C. the, aD. /,/18. Tom ownslarger collect ion ofbooks tha n any other stude nt in ourclass. A. the，/B. a,/C. a ,theD. /, the19. For a long time they walked without sayingword .Jim was the first t breaksile nee. A.

30、 the, aB. a ,theC. a，/D. the,/20. There wastimeI hated t go to school.A. a, thatB. a ,whe nC. the ,that D. the ,whe n21. When you finish reading the book ,you will havebetter understanding oflife.,A. a, theB. the .aC. /,theD.a,/22 I earn 10dollarshours assupermarket cashier on Saturday.A. a, anB. th

31、e, aC. an ,aD . an ,the23. The sig n reads “in ease offire ,break the glass and pushred butt onA. /,aB. /,theC. the ,theD. a ,a24don' t like talk ing onteleph one I prefer writi ngletter.A. a, theB. the./C. the ,theD. A，/25. Jump ing out ofairpla ne at ten thousa nd feet is quiteexcit ingexperie

32、 nee. A. /, theB. /, anC. an. anD. the, the26. One way to un dersta nd thousa nds of new words in gaingood kno wledgeof basic word formati on.A./B theC. aD. one27. The cakes are delicious. He' d like havethird one becausesec ondone is rather too small.A. a, aB. the .theC. a ,theD. the ,a28. A bu

33、llet hit the solider and he was woun ded inleg.A. aB .oneC. theD. his29. The warmth ofsweater will of course be determ ined by the sort ofwool used.答案： 1A report 可數名詞， a recent report 一份近來的報告 ，是泛指；第二個 空填 the 表特指示 2090 年。 2B. by train 乘火車， by 在接交通工具類的同時，一 般不接冠詞，如 by bike , by ship 根據句意第二個空應該是泛指。3 B t

34、eachers此處用名詞復數表泛指，指一切老師；have a life相當于live /lead a life過一種、樣的生活4D. leave the city 離開這座城市。 a Monday 一個星期一，表泛指。 5.B. a large family 一個大家庭； the ability 此處表泛指“與別人相處 好的能力”；others其他人表泛指。6 . C. have a gift for有做、的天賦，相當于 have a talent for. 7.B. give sb. a ride 讓某人搭車，此處 ride 是可數名詞，表示 “搭車”。8.D. the World Table Tennis Championship 是專有名詞，由普通名詞構成的專有名詞，一般前 面要加 the； with a score of 比分是 9.B. a John Lennon 一個叫做 John Lennon 的人，表泛指。 10. C leave school 畢業 11 A. go to the hotel 去旅店 ； a bed 此處表泛指，“一個地方”12 C. the price 此處表特指，“原價”。1