1、用作狀語的-ED分詞、用作狀語的-ED分詞這樣的-ed分詞通常來自及物動詞。-ed分詞用作狀語時，跟-ing分詞作狀語時一樣，修飾主句的謂語動詞，意義上相當于狀語從句，表示時間，條件，原因，伴隨狀況等。-ed分詞結構作狀語，前邊往往可以加when, while, if, as if, though。這時，我們可以把-ed分詞結構理解為一個省略句，即省去了“主語和be的變化形式”。一般說來，這種結構的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。-ed分詞作狀語跟-ing作狀語一樣，修飾主句的謂語動詞，意義上相當于狀語從句，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨狀況等。1表示時間Seen from a distance,

2、the mountain looked like a lion.從遠處看，這座山脈象一頭獅子。2表示原因Criticized unfairly, she left the office without saying a word.由于受到不公平的批評，她默默地離開了辦公室。3表示條件Watered once a day, the flower will grow very well.如果每天澆一次水，這花會長得很好。4表示伴隨狀況He stood there, fascinated by the singing.他站在那兒，被歌聲所吸引。在句子深層結構中，-ed分詞短語的邏輯主語就是句子的主語

3、。如果-ed分詞短語的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，-ed分詞短語的邏輯主語則需要用一個獨立結構或者用一個由with/without等引導的介詞短語表達出來。如：The question settled, they left for home.問題解決了，他們就回家了。With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a good suggestion.統觀全局，我們認為這是一個好的提議。1. 表示時間4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4, 1901, _focused on d

4、omestic rather than oreign policies.A William McKinleys new term looked forward to andB the new term looked forward to William McKinley andC looking forward to a new term was William McKinleyD William McKinley looked forward to a new term解析：D為正確答案。這句話前半句的-ed分詞相當于一個時間狀語從句“When he was inaugurated a se

5、cond time ”，主句的主語應當是人，所以A和D為可能選項，但A中的look forward to后應跟名詞，那么只有D為正確選項。2. 表示條件5) _under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six pointed shape.A SeenB SeesC SeeingD To see解析：A為正確答案。本句的意思是“在顯微鏡下看，雪花”，顯然這里的看是“被觀察”之義。B、C、D都表示主動，A為正確選項。6) _ to steel, chromium(鉻) increases the metals hardness.A A

6、ddedB In additionC AddingD Adds解析：A為正確答案。(同上)7) _ enough food and water, they could have beaten the enemy.A Being givenB GivenC GiveD To give解析：B為正確答案。(同上)3. 表示原因8) Encouraged by his mother, _.A art was studied in Florence by John Singer SargentB Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied artC t

7、he study of art in Florence by John Singer SargentD John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.解析：D為正確答案。四個選項中，只有D的主語為“John Singer Sargent”(人名) ，而只有人才能被“encouraged”(鼓舞)，也就是說，只有D中的主語能充當空白前-ED分詞短語的邏輯主語9) _ by the decision, the lawyer quickly left the court room.A AngeringB Having angeredC Being angry

8、D Angered解析：D為正確答案。空白處只能用-ED分詞才可和后面的“by”短語發生聯系，并且其邏輯主語和主句主語一致。10) Written in great haste, _.A Jim made a lot of mistakes in the reportB there are plenty of errors in the reportC we found several mistakes in his reportD the books is full of errors.解析：D為正確答案。本句的意思是“由于(被)寫得急，”，所以A和C不對。雖然B中的主語“plenty of

9、 errors”與“written”邏輯上可以呼應，但與“in the great haste”不一致。 “Written in great haste”的邏輯主語還是“the books”。所以D正確。4. 表示伴隨狀況：-ed分詞結構作狀語表示伴隨狀況時，沒有適當的分句可替換。11) _ was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later, in 1834.A Settling Brooklyn, the DutchB The Dutch settled BrooklynC Brooklyn was settled

10、 by the DutchD Settled by the Dutch, Brooklyn解析：D為正確答案。從上下文看，空檔處的主語應是表示要點的名詞(“as a city”)，那么A不對；B和C都是一分句，而空檔后是謂語部分，它們不作為正確選項。12) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, _ completely to the outside world.A being lostB having lostC losingD lost解析：D為正確答案。5. 表示讓步13) Francis Preston Blair, Jr., _ bo

11、rn in Kentucky, lived and practiced law in issouri.A wasB he wasC althoughD who he was解析：C為正確答案。6. 表示結果14) _ in all parts of the state, pines are the most common trees in Georgia.A FoundB Finding themC To find themD They are found解析：正確答案為A。本句的主語為pines(松樹) ，這樣就排除了B 選項，因為-ING分詞表主動，而“松樹”不可能是“找”(find)這個

12、動作的邏輯主語，即動作發出者。故只有A“found”(被發現) 的邏輯主語與“pines”一致，應選A。7. 表示目的15) They should be kept here _ this matter.A informing aboutB be informedC be informed ofD informed of解析：D為正確答案。8. 表示背景和襯托16) Known for her caricatures(漫畫) of the United States society, _.A Peggy Brown wrote and illustrated books for childre

13、nB the writing and illustrating of books for children by Peggy BrownC childrens books were written and illustrated by Peggy BrownD Peggy Browns writing and illustrating of childrens books解析：A為正確答案。空檔前是-ed分詞短語，空檔處應是主謂俱全句，排除B和D。從-ED分詞短語中(Known for her )可知，主句的主語是人而不是物，所以C也不對。17) Well known as a splendi

14、d pianist in Boston, _. A we all are pleased to hear Mr. Andersons concerto(小協奏曲)B a concerto was composed by Mr. AndersonC Mr. Anderson composed a concertoD Mr. Andersons concerto was composed解析：C為正確答案。(同上)二、-ed分詞在復合結構中Dont get your schedule changed; stay with us in this class.Peter had his gas and

15、 electricity turned on when he moved into his new apartment last month.He kept his mouth shut and stayed where he was.(他閉口不言，呆在原地不動。)They are talking about the experiment made in the new lab.三、獨立結構如果-ed分詞短語與-ing短語帶有與句子主語不同的主語，即本短語自己本身帶有主語，這就構成了獨立結構(也叫獨立主格結構或垂懸結構)，這種結構也可作狀語表示時間，原因等。有時在獨立結構前還可加介詞with 或 without。Her eyes filled wit