1、1 1性質(zhì)性質(zhì)：它具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著：它具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)的作用，即：定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)的作用，即：除除謂語(yǔ)以外的一切成分。謂語(yǔ)以外的一切成分。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2形式形式不定式不定式 相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞。充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞。充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 相當(dāng)于名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ).分詞分詞 相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表

2、語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。 一 動(dòng)詞不定式 The Infinitive (to do )不 定 式 的不 定 式 的 作 用作 用不定式的不定式的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)不定式的不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式不定式1. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)2. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)3. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4. 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)5. 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)6. 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 1. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 2. _( help ) others is our duty. To talkTo help3. 如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，可以在不定式前如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示

3、的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由加一個(gè)由 for for 引起的短語(yǔ)引起的短語(yǔ), ,構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),可以用可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ).It is our duty to help others4. It is+adj+for sb to do It is+adj+ of sb to do4. It is important _ Tom to get that job. It is kind _ you to help me with my English.forof1不定式作主語(yǔ)：不定式作主語(yǔ)：3.It is easy_

4、 _ (學(xué)生讀學(xué)生讀)(adj: kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, careless, rude, polite, naughty（修飾人的形容詞）（修飾人的形容詞）（修飾物的形容詞）（修飾物的形容詞）1.單個(gè)不定式直接作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)單個(gè)不定式直接作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)for the students to read.用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容或表示目的用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容或表示目的The most important thing in life is to have a great aim, an

5、d the determination toachieve it.The next step is to make sure that you knowwhat you should do.To see is to believe.2不定式作表語(yǔ)：不定式作表語(yǔ)：want, demand, hope, wish, expect,fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine, prefer, intend. 1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus,

6、 didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.to getto beto goto give3不定式作賓語(yǔ)：不定式作賓語(yǔ)：1.He found _Russian.(study/important)2.The computer makes_(possible/ calculate faster)2）如作賓語(yǔ)的不定式有自己的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，須用先行詞）如作賓語(yǔ)的不定式有自己的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，須用先

7、行詞 it作作 形式賓語(yǔ)，形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)不定式后置。而將真正的賓語(yǔ)不定式后置。 1)有些及物動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有有些及物動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有it important to studyit possible to calculate faster.句式：主句式：主+謂謂+it+adj/n+to dothink, find, feel, consider, makeWe thought it better to start early.Ill leave it to you to decide.They consider it important to get

8、 his permission.I find it difficult to learn math. 1.He seldom comes except _at my pictures.(look)2.We have no choice but _outside.(wait)3.They could do nothing but _for help.(ask)前有前有do 后無(wú)后無(wú)to ,前無(wú)前無(wú)do 后有后有to能夠用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的介詞不多，常見(jiàn)的只有能夠用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的介詞不多，常見(jiàn)的只有but but 和和except.except. 注意注意to lookto waitask此外，介詞此

9、外，介詞of, on, over, about和詞組和詞組as to 等后面常跟等后面常跟“疑問(wèn)代、副詞疑問(wèn)代、副詞+不定式不定式”做賓語(yǔ)。做賓語(yǔ)。Im thinking of how to express my thanks to you.They discussed on how to improve their studies.I was careful over what to say.The couple was at a loss as to what to do next. 5看（看（look at, see, watch,notice,observe） 3使（使（make, l

10、et, have）；）；2聽(tīng)（聽(tīng)（listen to, hear）；）； 1感覺(jué)（感覺(jué)（feel）。）。1.The teacher made the boy_( go )out of the classroom2.We observed them_(finish)the work3.He was made_(tell) a story4.Let us_( have) a rest.5.The teacher got the students _(hand )in homework.“吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué)吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué)”主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) s+v +sb + do .被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。S+be

11、 +v ed+ to doA 1. I didnt want my parents _( help ) me. 2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang.B4.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).+V+sb to dogohave to hand to tell to help to takefinish let sb do sth get sb to do sthc. 做判斷類動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)做判斷類動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)常見(jiàn)詞有常見(jiàn)詞有judge, think, consider, find, know, suppose, prove等等I

12、know him to be honest.I consider the work to be important.I judge her to be 60 years old.d. 做建議命令類動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)做建議命令類動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)常見(jiàn)詞有常見(jiàn)詞有advise, allow, beg, command, force,encourage, permit, request, order, persuade, warnHe commanded the soldiers to be silent.Please remind me to come early.e. 做某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)做某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)如

13、如long for, wait for, call on(號(hào)召），號(hào)召），rely on, arrange for等等 I rely on you to finish the work today.We are waiting for the doctor to arrive.1.He was the first person_to the classroom (come)2. Do you have anything_ ?(say)3. He thought out a plan _ (punish) Tom.to say to come to punish 4. We need a roo

14、m to live5. We have a lot of problems to talk作定語(yǔ)的不定式如是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。作定語(yǔ)的不定式如是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。5.不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)inabout1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. cut the fruit withB. to cut the fru

15、it C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （寫上）（寫上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （寫）（寫）to write onto write with動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾名詞之間構(gòu)成三種關(guān)系不定式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾名詞之間構(gòu)成三種關(guān)系1）動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）動(dòng)賓關(guān)系I have lots homework

16、to do.I need some water to drink.2)主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系We need another ten people to help us.3) 偏正關(guān)系偏正關(guān)系There is no need to worry about it.目的狀語(yǔ)還可用目的狀語(yǔ)還可用 in order to 或或so as to結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)還可用結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)還可用 soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto, only to等結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示等結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示 _(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on he

17、r. 2. He hurried to the station only _ ( find ) the train left.不定式在作表語(yǔ)不定式在作表語(yǔ)/ 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的形容詞形容詞后面作狀語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)形式后面作狀語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意思。表被動(dòng)意思。This question is difficult _ (answer).Do you think him easy_ (work) with?We find this rule hard _ (remember)6.不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)To save to find作目的、結(jié)果要用不定式。作目的、結(jié)果要用不定式。 to answer to

18、work to remember6.不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ) 做目的狀語(yǔ)做目的狀語(yǔ) The whole family went to the beach to spend the weekend. To make the best ever games in 2008, Beijing made several big changes.目的狀語(yǔ)還可用目的狀語(yǔ)還可用 in order to 或或so as tob. 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)The girl raised her head to find everybody was looking at her.What have I said to

19、 make you so excited?At that time, she was too young to understand this.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)還可用結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)還可用 soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto, only to等結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示等結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示 I was fortunate enough to get a ticket.It was such a good film as to move us to tears.You are so kind as to lend me your bike.He lifted a rock only to drop

20、 it on his own feet.表原因表原因(不定式常跟一些表示喜怒哀樂(lè)等情感的形容詞不定式常跟一些表示喜怒哀樂(lè)等情感的形容詞或或V-ed形式后面，說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因）形式后面，說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因）All of us are shocked to hear the news.The old couple seemed content to watch TV all day.作條件狀語(yǔ)作條件狀語(yǔ)To hear you speak English, people might take you for an American.(=if people heard you)A man w

21、ould be blind not to see that.(=if he did not see that)1._ (實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō)實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō)), he doesnt agree with you. 2. （誠(chéng)實(shí)說(shuō)（誠(chéng)實(shí)說(shuō))，I dont like your idea To tell (you) the truthTo be honest3._（首先），（首先）， Beijing is a very beautiful city。7.不定式作獨(dú)立成分不定式作獨(dú)立成分,做插入語(yǔ)做插入語(yǔ)To begin with8.不定式與疑問(wèn)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)詞who, which, when, where, who,

22、which, when, where, how, what how, what 等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)?shù)冗B用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等。主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等。 He didnt know what to say.2.How to solve the problem is important. 3.My question is when to start. 1.I saw him_.2.I plan to attend the meeting_ tomorrow4.Im sorry _ you waiting.5.The article is said _ by man

23、y people. go outto be held3.He pretended _ (sleep)when I came in. to be sleepingto have keptto have been read9.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)：不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)：1）不定式的）不定式的一般式一般式：不定式表示的動(dòng)作常與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)不定式表示的動(dòng)作常與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或在它之前之后發(fā)生。作同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或在它之前之后發(fā)生。to do /to be doneShe appears to be satisfied.I hope to see you soon.We are ju

24、st happy to have you back.同時(shí)同時(shí)之后之后之前之前2）不定式的）不定式的進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式：不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這一動(dòng)作可以和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以在它之一動(dòng)作可以和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以在它之后發(fā)生。后發(fā)生。to be doingThey seem to be getting along quite well.I wish to be studying with you next year.同時(shí)同時(shí)之后之后3 3）不定式的）不定式的完成式完成式：不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前前。可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去已

25、完成的動(dòng)作，又可表示沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去已完成的動(dòng)作，又可表示沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。的愿望。to have done to have been done表示動(dòng)作已完成表示動(dòng)作已完成Im sorry to have bothered you so much.The city is said to have been built into an art center.表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、計(jì)劃等。表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、計(jì)劃等。I meant to have telephoned, but I forget.(=I had meant to telephone)Id like to have gon

26、e shopping, but it rained.10. 不定式的否定式不定式的否定式The patient was told not to eat oil food after the operation.He warned his son never to drive after drinking.11. 不定式的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)1）be+動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式此結(jié)構(gòu)中，此結(jié)構(gòu)中，be只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種形式。一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種形式。a. 表示按照計(jì)劃或安排將要做的事表示按照計(jì)劃或安排將要做的事The meeting is to be held next we

27、ek.He felt excited because he was soon to go abroad traveling.b. 表示命令或指示表示命令或指示You are not to smoke in the office.The homework is to be to handed in to the teacherin person. 11. 不定式的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)c. 表示征求意見(jiàn)表示征求意見(jiàn)What am I to say if they ask me the question?Where am I to put the vase?d. 表示不可避免將要發(fā)生某事表示不可

28、避免將要發(fā)生某事The worst is still to come. Better days are soon to follow.11. 不定式的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)2）主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義的結(jié)構(gòu)）主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義的結(jié)構(gòu) 不定式作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)，和句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯不定式作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)，和句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯 上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)。上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)。The homework is not easy to do.The water is not healthy to drink.b. 作后置定語(yǔ)，和被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯作后置定語(yǔ)，和被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但又和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯

29、上的上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但又和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。主謂關(guān)系。Most people have some similar experience to remember.11. 不定式的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)2）主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義的結(jié)構(gòu)）主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義的結(jié)構(gòu)c. 在在too.to和和enoughto結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中The box is too heavy to carry.The book is cheap enough to buy.d. to let, to blame等作表語(yǔ)時(shí)等作表語(yǔ)時(shí)The house is to let. 這所房子要出租這所房子要出租You are to bl

30、ame. 這是你的過(guò)錯(cuò)。這是你的過(guò)錯(cuò)。I have something to type.I have something to be typed.11. 不定式的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)3）不定式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）不定式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)該結(jié)構(gòu)指的是該結(jié)構(gòu)指的是“（with/without）+名詞名詞+不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞結(jié)構(gòu)，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯的主謂關(guān)系，詞結(jié)構(gòu)通常作狀語(yǔ)。存在著邏輯的主謂關(guān)系，詞結(jié)構(gòu)通常作狀語(yǔ)。The mayor to inspect the school, the headmasteris as busy as

31、 a bee.The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.Without anything to do all day, we felt rather dull. 二 動(dòng)名詞GerundWorking hard will produce good results.1.時(shí)時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài) 和和 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 態(tài)態(tài) 類 別 及及 物物動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞形式主主 動(dòng)動(dòng)被被 動(dòng)動(dòng)主主 動(dòng)動(dòng)一般式 doing being done doing 完成式 having donehaving been donehaving done動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的-in

32、g現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞在句中可以做：在句中可以做： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)， 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)千萬(wàn)要注意千萬(wàn)要注意V-ing形式的規(guī)則喲！形式的規(guī)則喲！不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。還有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。還有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。一：簡(jiǎn)介一：簡(jiǎn)介 v+ing 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)Playing with fire is dangerous.Talking is easier than doing.1）動(dòng)名詞直接作主語(yǔ)。）動(dòng)名詞直接作主語(yǔ)。(單個(gè)的單個(gè)的v-ing形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單

33、數(shù)。形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。)1作主語(yǔ)時(shí)句子有三種形式：作主語(yǔ)時(shí)句子有三種形式：2）用）用it作形式主語(yǔ)。作形式主語(yǔ)。(常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/worth/dangerous/fun/a waste of time等）等）It is no use trying to persuade him.It is a waste of time arguing about it.作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)1)學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。 _ is very important for me2)說(shuō)比做

34、容易。說(shuō)比做容易。_ is easier than doing.Learning new wordsTalking3) 和夏洛克爭(zhēng)辯是沒(méi)有什么用的。和夏洛克爭(zhēng)辯是沒(méi)有什么用的。_ with ShylockIt is useless trying to argue用形式主語(yǔ)用形式主語(yǔ)it，把真正的主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語(yǔ)的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語(yǔ)的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，a waste of等。等。如：如：動(dòng)名詞直接置于句首

35、主語(yǔ)的位置上。動(dòng)名詞直接置于句首主語(yǔ)的位置上。1作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ). 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子有三種形式：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子有三種形式：1)這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。 Here is _ about such matter.2)無(wú)法知道他什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)。無(wú)法知道他什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)。 There was _ when he would leave. 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)no jokingno knowing在在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于于“It is impossible to do ” 如如 There is no doing：There is no

36、 sense in doing sth. 做做沒(méi)道理沒(méi)道理There is no use/good doingThere is nothing worse than doing 沒(méi)有比做沒(méi)有比做更糟的更糟的There is no point doing 做做無(wú)意義無(wú)意義V-ing 做主語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)_(play)with fire is dangerous.Be careful! _(play)with fire will be dangerous.to do or v-ing?PlayingTo play_(swim)is good for our health._(swim)in this ri

37、ver is not allowedSwimmingTo swim表示一般或抽象的多次行為表示一般或抽象的多次行為具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作Smoking is forbidden here.(泛指任何人抽煙的行為）泛指任何人抽煙的行為）It is no good for you to smoke so much.(具體指你吸煙的行為）具體指你吸煙的行為）Her job is keeping the office clean.(經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作）經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作）Her job this afternoon is to clean the office.(具體的一次行

38、為）具體的一次行為）作表語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式的區(qū)別（和主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別一致）作表語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式的區(qū)別（和主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別一致）Her hobby is painting. (一般性動(dòng)作）一般性動(dòng)作）Today what he wants to do is to paint.(具體的動(dòng)作）具體的動(dòng)作）His wish is to become an artist. (將要發(fā)生的事情）將要發(fā)生的事情） 她的業(yè)余愛(ài)好是畫畫。她的業(yè)余愛(ài)好是畫畫。 我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。1.Her hobby is_2.My job is_paintinglooking after the children

39、.1)表示抽象的一般性的行為，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，表示抽象的一般性的行為，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和互換位置表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和互換位置二、二、-ing形式作表語(yǔ)形式作表語(yǔ)3.Our task is studying English wellStudying English well is our task.2）表示主語(yǔ)具有的特征，可看作為形容詞）表示主語(yǔ)具有的特征，可看作為形容詞The problem is/seems quite puzzling.用作賓語(yǔ)用作賓語(yǔ)looking forI cant avoid_Have you considered _ one special friend?1)

40、我不能不去。我不能不去。2)你是否考慮過(guò)找一位摯友你是否考慮過(guò)找一位摯友? (一一).（1）只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有）只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。等。如：如： (一一) 有些動(dòng)詞只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；有些動(dòng)詞只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)； (二二) 有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。（有區(qū)別）有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。（有區(qū)別） (

41、三三) 有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ).（沒(méi)大區(qū)別）（沒(méi)大區(qū)別）going三。動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)三。動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有三種情況。有三種情況。常跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞歌訣:考慮建議盼原諒，考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想，承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想，避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停能賞，否認(rèn)完成停能賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象。不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象。consider, suggest / advise ,look forward to ,excuse ,pardon admit, delay / put off , fancy avoid ,

42、 miss ,keep /keep on , practise deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate cant help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape forbid , risk , imagine （2）. 只接只接v-ing作賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)1.He devoted his time to _ (teach)2.I am looking forward to _from you (hear)teaching hearing insist on, object to, be good at, l

43、ead to, put off, give up, feel like, look forward to, devote to, be worth, devote to, get used to, pay attention tohave difficulty (in)注注：advise/allow/ forbid/permit/require/encourageWe dont allow people to smoke here. People are not allowed to smoke here.We dont allow smoking here.doing sthsb. to d

44、o sth動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help forget, regret, remember 后跟動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生后跟動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；后跟不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。的動(dòng)作；后跟不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 (二二) 有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。（有區(qū)別）有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。（有區(qū)別）I forgot _to her.(我忘了曾經(jīng)給她寫過(guò)信）我忘了曾經(jīng)給她寫過(guò)信）I forgot _her about it.我忘了要告

45、訴。）我忘了要告訴。）I remember_ you somewhere in biejing.（see）Remember _me tonight.(call)He regretted_ in the exam.(cheat)I regret _that we cant stay here any longer(say)writingto tell seeingto callcheatingto saygo on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事go on to do 接著做另一件事接著做另一件事 mean doing 意味著要做某事意味著要做某事mean to do 想要做某事想

46、要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事stop to do 停下來(lái)（別的事）停下來(lái)（別的事）try doing 試著做某事試著做某事try to do 努力做某事努力做某事be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事習(xí)慣于做某事 be used to do 被用來(lái)做某事被用來(lái)做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能幫助做某事不能幫助做某事1.He stopped _and have a rest.(smoke) 2.He really must stop_3. I once tried _French(learn)4.L

47、ets try _at the back door.(knock)5.I didnt to mean _your feeling.(hurt)6. This word means _out at once.(set)7.I cant help _the room.for I am too busy(clean)8.After hearing the joke, we cant help _(laugh)9.Water is uesed to _flowers(water)10.I am used to _early.(get)11.Though it rained, they went on_

48、.(work)12.We have finished Part 1.Lets go on _P 2(Learn)to smokesmokingto learnknockingto hurtsettingTo cleanlaughingwaterGetting upworkingto learn(三三) 有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ).（沒(méi)大區(qū)別）（沒(méi)大區(qū)別）1.一些表示喜好或開(kāi)始動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞一些表示喜好或開(kāi)始動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞like,love,hate,prefer ,intend ,begin, start continue等，等，用不定式做賓語(yǔ)和用

49、不定式做賓語(yǔ)和v+ing形式做賓語(yǔ)，意義相差不大形式做賓語(yǔ)，意義相差不大1.I started _(work)here two years ago.2.I intended _a poem in English.(write)3.They prefer _(spend) their summer vacation in the country.2溫馨提示：介詞后都用動(dòng)詞的溫馨提示：介詞后都用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。形式作賓語(yǔ)。What prevent you from coming on time?No one would have dreamed of there being such a

50、 place.3. 下列動(dòng)詞接下列動(dòng)詞接v-ing作形式賓語(yǔ)，其主動(dòng)形式作形式賓語(yǔ)，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義表示被動(dòng)意義sb./sth.want/need/require/deserve +doing/to be doneThe room needs painting/to be painted.The sick woman required examining/to be examined.The man deserved punishing/to be punished. 四四 作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ) 在表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)，這些在表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)，這些 動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有動(dòng)詞常

51、見(jiàn)的有hear, feel, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch等。等。 He saw the boy playing in the yard. I must say I dont like to hear you talking like that. see sb do (過(guò)程）過(guò)程） see sb doing (進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作） b.在表示在表示“致使致使”等意義的動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)，常見(jiàn)的等意義的動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)，常見(jiàn)的 詞有詞有catch, have, get, keep, set, leave等。等。

52、 Im sorry to have kept you waiting for me for so long. The joke set everybody laughing. What she has told left us thinking that shea. experienced much when she was young.四四 作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)c.這種結(jié)構(gòu)如使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)如使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，V-ing便是主補(bǔ)。便是主補(bǔ)。He was seen going out.The child was heard crying in the next room.building mater

53、ials = drinking water = a reading room =materials (which are used) for buildingwater for drinking 飲用水飲用水a(chǎn) room for reading 閱覽室閱覽室 a writing desk cooking salt a dancing hall a meeting room an operating table a sleeping car opening speechspending money answering machine動(dòng)名詞一般只能做前置定語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞一般只能做前置定語(yǔ)，a.說(shuō)明被修

54、飾名詞的用途和性能說(shuō)明被修飾名詞的用途和性能 ，多數(shù)時(shí)候可以換成，多數(shù)時(shí)候可以換成for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ):如如：五、五、-ing形式作定語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ)b. 表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)a sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping a puzzling question=a question which puzzles everybody2. 后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)的作定語(yǔ)的V-ing形式如是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)放在形式如是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面被修飾詞的后面,表示所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，表示所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，它與被

55、修飾的詞之間有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。它與被修飾的詞之間有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。The man standing by the window is our teacher. =who is standing/stands by.A building is being built now.A building which is being built now is a school.A building was being built here at that time.A building which was being built at that time is a school.Those

56、who wish to join the club should sign here.Those wishing to join the club should sign here.注意：注意：1) V-ing形式的完成式一般不可用作后置定形式的完成式一般不可用作后置定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)The students having finished the homework can go home now. The students who have finished the homework. 2)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作不能同時(shí)發(fā)生的與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作不能同時(shí)發(fā)生的V-ing形式不可用于形式不可用于后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)The expe

57、rt coming here yesterday will give us a lecture. The expert who came here yesterday.四四 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) 表示時(shí)間表示時(shí)間 V-ing作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。 While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. =while he was reading the book Turning around, she saw a car driving up. =when she turned around b.表示原因表示原

58、因 Being tired out, he couldnt walk any further. =As he was tired out Being a student, you should work hard. =As you are a student, Having finished the homework, he went out.a.=As he had finished 四四 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)Not knowing how to work out the problem, he =Since she did not know howturned to the teacher for

59、 help.c.表示結(jié)果表示結(jié)果The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing. =and left nothing.The teacher came in, and he was followed by the students. being followed by the students.四四 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)d.表示條件表示條件Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. =if you are more carefulIf weather permits, well go to park

60、tomorrow.=Weather permitting,e.表示讓步表示讓步although they know all this, they made me pay for the damage.Knowing all this四四 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)f.表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明I sat at the table, watching TV happily. =and watched TV happilyHe was walking along the street, and looked this way and that.looking this wa