1、上海高考英語題型訓練: 閱讀理解C2020高三第一學期期末質量抽查Section BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passag

2、e you have just read. (C) 松江The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, pure, unprejudiced, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide mere: it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is a very important assignment facing American journa

3、lists 一 to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing as local ” news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in the financial market, political circles,

4、in terms, indeed, of our very way of life. There is in journalism a widespread view that when you start an interpretation, you are entering dangerous waters, the rushing tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall limit themselves to

5、 the “ facts. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? Are the bare facts enough?As for the first question, consider how a so-called factual story conics about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten wh

6、ich he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall make up the beginning of the article, which is an important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph. This is Judgment NumberTwo. Then the right e

7、ditor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large influence, or on page twenty four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.Thus in the presentation of a so- called “ factual ” or objective ” , story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are jud

8、gments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporters and editors, calling upon their research resources, their general background, and their news neutralism, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its

9、 interpretation, arc both objective and subjective processes. If an editor is determined to give a prejudiced view of the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by theselection of those facts that support his particular viewpoint. Or he can do it b

10、y the place he gives a story 一 promoting it to page one or dragging it to page thirty.63. According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. If a reporter makes clear the facts he writes, he will no doubt get into trouble.B. Journalists must select facts objectively to ma

11、kecurrent events clear to the readers.C. The most important task of reporters is Io provide unprejudiced facts for the readers.D. For reporters, interpretation of facts is no less important than presentation of the facts.64. The beginning of the article should present the most important fact because

12、 .A. it will influence the reader to continueB. most readers read only the first paragraphC. it details the general attitude of the writerD. its the best way to write according to the schools of journal ism 65. Where a story is presented in a newspaper shows .A. the editors prejudiceB. the reporters

13、 backgroundC. the storys factual matterD. the storys effect on the readers66. Which of the following can best express the authors attitude toward objectiveness?A. Objectiveness is controlled by editors rather than writers.B. Properly choosing facts prepares a solid ground for objectiveness.C. He doe

14、snt think there exists complete objectiveness in news writing. D. To make clear the news is a way to be objective and responsible for the readers.黃浦Risk is something we face daily. However, some people are obviously more willing to take risks than others.Biologists appear to have discovered a physic

15、al reason that explains why some people are risk - takers. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, a chemical that spreads signals between nerve cells. It is linked to the brains reward system and is the chemical that makes us feel good, and scientists believe it to be inked to risk - taking. Our nerve cell

16、s have dopamine receptors （接收器）which control the amount of dopamine that eachcell receives. But not all receptors may be active. Whena person had few active receptors to control the amount of dopamine that is received, a cell can become flooded resulting in an extreme feeling of happiness.Researcher

17、s at Vanderbilt University and Albert Einstein College of Medicine asked 34 men and women to complete a questionnaire about their risk taking to assess whether they seek new opportunities or are cautious in life. The results of the research were consistent with similar studies carried out with rats,

18、 and had the sameoutcome. It concluded that people who are risk-takers have fewer dopamine receptors than people who are not. This suggests that the rush of pleasure a risk taker receives when a cell becomesflooded with dopamine can becomeaddictive for some people. They therefore pursue new and exci

19、ting activities in order to try to repeat this feeling, and as a result their concern for risk becomesconsiderable reduced.Dopamine gives us a biological reason for risk - taking,butscientists believe there may be psychological reasons too. Sensation - seeking is a personality characteristic that de

20、scribes the desire to find activities that bring us pleasure. In 1964, psychologist Marvin Zuckerman created the sensation - seeking scale. His 40 -item questionnaire, still used today, was given to people whowere active in seeking newactivities, and to people whowere more satisfied with a quiet lif

21、e. While risk - taking is not a characteristic in itself, it is very much associated with sensation - seeking, as a high sensation - seeker does not evaluate risk in the same way that a low sensation - seeker does. a desire to achieve pleasure means that there is a greater willingness to take more r

22、isks.There are both biological and psychological explanations as to why some people may choose to take more risks than others. However, none of these explanations are definitive.63. If a person has fewer active dopamine receptors. A. he is less likely to feel happy B. he is more willing to take risk

23、sC. he will eventually become dopamine - addictive D. he is poorer at controlling the amount of dopamine 64. The underlined phrase consistent with is closest to “: in meaning.A. contrary to B. in agreement with C. at the cost of D. persistent in65. What can be concluded from paragraph 4? A. The long

24、ing for pleasure may lead to risk taking. B. A willingness to take more risks can be cultivated. C. The sensation - seeking scale can help to evaluate risk. D. High sensation - seekers are more common than low ones. 66. This passage mainly talks about.A. when we learn to take risks B. how risk - tak

25、ing benefits us C. what makes risk - takers D. why we should take risks虹口For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks （自由主義智囊團）whoseinterestsand beliefs are threatened by t

26、he findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.Quoting successes isn t wrong, but for many people it s not persuasive.

27、 What is typically declared to be the scientific method -develop a supposition, then design an experiment to test it - isn t what scientists actually do. Science is active so that newmethods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn t always work. False theories can produc

28、e true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn t prove that the theory it was designed to test it true.If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the guarantee for trust in science?The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated. A scientific claim is never a

29、ccepted as true until it has gone through a long process of examination by fellowscientists. Until this point,scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly. But the next step is different: once the paper is ready, it is presented to a scientific journal, where things get a whole lot tougher. Edit

30、ors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of the authors, and the job of the reviewer is to find errors or other inadequacies. We call this process “ peer review ” because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both

31、 the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of“ science. ”Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are human. But if we look car

32、efully at historical cases where science went wrong, typically there was no agreement reached by all. Some people argue that weshould not trust science because scientists are “ always changing their minds. ” While examples of truly settled science being over turned are far fewer than is sometimes cl

33、aimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientificprocess is that it explains what might otherwiseappearparadoxical （矛盾的）: that science produces both novelty （新穎性）andstability. New observations, ideas, interpretations introduce novelty: trans-formative questioning leads to collective decisions

34、and the stability of scientific knowledge. Scientists do change their minds in the face of newevidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness. 63. Distrust in science has been found because .A. scientists citing successes isn t persuasive for manypeople to some extentB. most scientists h

35、ave tended to lay too much emphasis on the success of scienceC. a wide - ranging and organized campaign has been founded in some industries and think tanksD. someone s benefits and beliefs are endangered by the findings of modern science64. Which of the following statements will the author agree wit

36、h about a scientific method?A. A scientific method doesn t necessarily take effect because science is changing.B. A scientific method is not right because it isn t what scientistsactually do.C. A successful experiment can guarantee the truthfulness of a claim by a scientific method.D. True theories

37、can produce false results because the scientific method doesn t work.65. What purpose does “ peer review ” in evaluating a scientific claim mainly serve?A. The scientific claim can be completely accepted by the reviewers in the same field.B. The scientific peers can draw right conclusions by finding

38、 its faults or other inadequacies.C. The scientific claim can be published and recognized as true in science. D. The scientific paper can be successfully submitted to a scientific journal.66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .A. Not all the claims about the falsehood of well-establish

39、ed science lead to its being overturnedB. It is inevitable that science sometimes goes wrong because it appears paradoxicalC. The beauty of science lies in the paradox of being both novel and stable D. Science is not trustful because scientists always change their minds.寶山5G, the fifth generation of

40、 wireless, promises lightning-fast download speeds and could lay foundation for high-tech advancements like self-driving cars. But like many new technologies, its causing concern about potential health issues.The first generation of wireless introduced mobile phones, and 2Gbrought texting. 3G laid t

41、he groundwork for smart-phones, and 4G allowed video streaming and more. 5Gis expected to download data 20 times faster than its predessor（ 前任 ） ， and someexperts argue it could be muchfaster.Too much of a good thing?Its not just about streaming data faster, its about streaming more of it. On a 5G n

42、etwork, a user can download a movie instantly, and data will flow between connected objects without delay. The amount of data people use on mobile devices has gone up 40 times since 2010 and is only expected to increase. 5G networks are wireless companies attempts to satisfy that demand.Uncertain ef

43、fectsThe untested nature of 5G, and the extensiveness of itsinfrastructure（ 基礎設施） has some worried that the increased exposure could have serious health effects. Wireless safety advocates （倡議人士）have called for more studies on the effects of the exposure, and one group is trying to stop the installme

44、nt of 5G networks in Chicagos neighborhoods.The federal government has safety rules that wireless companies must obey that limit humanexposure to radio waves, including frequencies uses with 5G.Wireless industry association CTIA says typical exposure to 5G infrastructure is comparable to Bluetooth d

45、evices and baby monitors, and there is no scientific evidence of negative health effects.Still, assurances from government agencies and industry operators are not enough for Chicago resident Judy Blake. Additional studies on 5G shealth impacts likely wouldn t soothe her either. She said,“Peoplecant

46、choose whether or not to be exposed to this radiation. ”“I don tneed another te st. The only test that s going to happen nowis people s lives, said Blake .Only time will tell?Though little is known about the long-term health impact of the millimeter waves that 5G operates on, some research has shown

47、 short-term exposure could be problematic, said Joel Moskowitz, a public health expert at the University of California at Berkeley.The eyes and sweat glands（腺體）are amongseveral body parts studies have shown could be at risk. Moskowitz said. Insects and plant life could also be affected, he added.The

48、 millimeter waves used in SG are absorbed by the upper layers of skin, potentially causing the temperature of the skin to rise, said Suresh Borkar, senior lecturer in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Illinois Institute of Technology. The effects of extended rises in skin temperature“become a big unknown, he said.This isnt the f