1、私人和公務信函-概述  書信是日常生活中常用的文體，是用以交涉事宜、傳達信息、交流思想、聯絡感情、增進了解的重要工具。書信一般可分為商務信件或公函（Business Letter or Official Correspondence）和私人信件（Private Letter）兩大類。值得注意的是，英語書信的寫法與漢語書信有一些明顯區別，應特別加以區分。      英語書信通常包括下面幾個組成部分：信端、信內地址、稱呼、正文、結束語、簽名、附件、再啟等。下面我們將逐個進行介紹。      關于發信

2、日期的寫法，應注意以下幾點：      年份應完全寫出，不能簡寫。      月份要用英文名稱，不要用數字代替。月份名稱多用公認的縮寫式。但 May, June, July, 因為較短，不可縮寫。      寫日期時，可用基數詞1，2，3，4，5，28，29，30，31等，也可用序數詞 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,           28th, 29th, 30th, 31lst等。但最好用基數

3、詞，簡單明了。     日期可有下列幾種寫法：   Oct. 20, 2004      10 May., 2004     3rd June, 2004      Sept. 16th, 2004      其中，最為通用。      3.稱呼（Salutation）      給外國人寫英文信時，稱呼用語要注意以下幾點： &

4、#160;    對沒有頭銜的男性一般稱呼 Mr. 。Mr. 用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前，例如對的稱呼，應該是：Mr. 或 Mr. White, 不可是：Mr. Phil。若稱呼多個男性，則在姓名前用 Mr. 的復數形式 Messrs. 。對一般以人名為名稱的公司和企業常用這種稱呼，例如：Messrs. Black and Brothers 布萊克兄弟公司。       對女性一般稱呼 Mrs.， Madam 或 Miss。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前，或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用在名字

5、前 Madame 此詞可以單獨使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前 Mrs. 沒有復數形式。若稱呼多個女性，則在姓名前用 Mme. 的復數形式 Mmes. 而對以女子名字為名稱的公司、企業可用 Mesdames 稱呼。 Miss 多用于未婚女子，此詞可縮寫為 Ms ，用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用于名字之前。 對收信人的稱呼，也可用頭銜或職位的名稱，不分性別。例如 Professor （縮寫為 Prof.），Doctor （縮寫為 Dr.）， General (縮寫為 Gen.) 。這些稱呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，如 Prof. （Phil）White等。   

6、;   對外公函中對收信人的稱呼，可用 Gentlemen （而不是 Gentleman），Dear Sir (s)和 My dear Sir(s)等。Gentlemen 之前不能加 Dear， 后面也不能帶姓名。用 Sirs 時，前面常用 Dear 一詞，但也可單獨用 Sir。若收信人是婦女，則無論已婚或未婚，都可單獨使用 Madam 或其復數 Mesdames。      對外國高級官員的稱呼，如國家元首、政府首腦、部長、大使、公使和特使等，可用（Dear）Sir， （Dear）Mr. Chairman，（Dear）Mr. Premier，

7、 （My dear）Mr. Ambassador，Your Excellency （復數為 Excellencies）。      對君主制國家的國王和皇帝等男性君主，可以 Sir 稱呼，對女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主，可用 Madam 稱呼。有時也用 Your Majesty 稱呼以表示。客氣和尊敬Your Majesty 可兼指男性和女性，其復數為 Your Majesties。      對王室成員，如太子、王子、親王和公主等，一般可用（Dear）Sir 或（Dear）Madam 但在正式尊稱時，一般用 You

8、r Highness (復數為 Highnesses)。      收信人稱呼  先生（男人）Mr./Esq.  夫人（已婚）Mrs.  小姐（未婚）Miss  夫人、小姐統稱Ms.  夫婦倆人Mr.and Mrs.  兩位或兩位以上男子Messrs  兩位或兩位以上女子（已婚）Mesdames  兩位或兩位以上小姐（未婚）Misses  常見的頭銜（漢英對照）如下： 

9、; 教授Professor  博士Doctor(Dr.,Ph.D.)  醫學博士Medical Doctor(M.D.)  總統或校長President  主席或董事長Chairman  副主席或副董事長Vice Chairman  副總統或副校長Vice President  首相Prime Minister  總理Premier  省長或州長Governor  市長Mayor

10、0; 參議員Senator  大使Ambassador  秘書長Secretary General  一秘First Secretary  二秘Second Secretary  院長Director,Dean      副院長Vice Director     系主任Dean,Head,Chair       館長Chief Librarian,Curator   

11、    閣下Excellency       神甫Father        4.信的正文（Body of the Letter）  信的正文每段第一行應往右縮進約四五個字母。在寫事務性信件時，正文一般開門見山，內容簡單明了，條理清楚。在寫私人信件時，信寫好之后若有什么遺漏，可用 P. S.表示補敘。      5.結束語（Complimentary Close）      結束語是寫信人表示自己

12、對收信人的一種謙稱，只占一行，低于正文一二行，從信紙的中間或偏右的地方開始寫。第一個詞的開頭字母要大寫，末尾用逗號。結束語視寫信人與收信人的關系而定。    私人和公務信函-常用句式  常用的起首語有：  1）Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969.  2)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997.  3)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1

13、997.  4)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.  5)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.  6)In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say  7)Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me

14、 on Christmas Eve.  8)What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!  9)It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.  10)First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me .  11)With great delight I learn from your let

15、ter of this Sunday that   14)I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.  15)I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.  16)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.  17)I am very obliged to ;you f

16、or your warm congratulations.  常用的結束語有：  1）Awaiting your good news,  2)Looking forward to your early reply,  3)Hoping to hear from you soon,  4)We await your good news.  5)I hope to hear from you very soon.  6)We look forward to y

17、our reply at your earliest convenience.  7)I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.  8)Your early reply will be highly appreciated.  9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.  10)The help you give me is sincerely valued.&#

18、160; 11)I hope everything will be well with you .  12)Please let us know if you want more information.  13)I hope you always enjoy yourself.  14)I wish you very success in the coming year.  15)Please remember me to your family.  16)With best reg

19、ards to your family.  17)All the best.  18)With love and good wishes. 私人和公務信函-分類舉例-私人介紹信       例1Directions: One of your classmates and friends Li Fang will go to a university in New York to study for several months. Please write a letter to an Ameri

20、can friend in New York and introduce Li Fang to him/ her.You should write about 100 words and do not need to write the address.      Dear Mrs Mark，  I am giving Miss Fang Li, a classmate of mine, this note of introduction to you and Mr. Mark, when she goes to visit New

21、York City. Miss Li is my good friend. She is invited by a university to study there for a few months. She is a kind young lady. I believe you will enjoy meeting and knowing each other and become friends. It is my hope that you will kindly invite her to stay in your house for a few days.  K

22、ind regards  Very affectionately,  ×××  *It is my hope that . 是一個強調句式，意同 I hope that.  stay in your house 表示在你家小住。  例2  Directions : Your friend Mary Brown will go to Washington D. C. next month. Write a letter to To

23、ny who is there and introduce Mary to him. You should write about 100 words and do not need to write the address.  Dear Tony,  This letter will introduce my best friend Mary Brown of whom youve often heard me mention. She is going to be in Washington D. C. next month to lecture.

24、I want very much to have her meet you there.  And this seems like an excellent chance for you to meet each other. I think both of you will have a lot in common. So far as I know, you both are interested in modern literature. Once you meet her, you will really enjoy her company. Any kindnes

25、s to her will be duly appreciated by me.  Yours affectionately,  ×××  * 這是一個向朋友介紹朋友的介紹信。Tony 和 Mary都是寫信人的朋友，在他看來，他們志同道合，有共同愛好，所以希望他們相識，信中說“you both are interested in modern literature once you meet her, you will really enjoy her company”。 私人和公務信函-分類舉例-應聘信

26、  （Accepting Request for an Interview）  例1  Directions: You have just received a letter from a company, which replied your application for a job and asked you to go to the interview on August 30. Please write a reply which is about 100 words and you do not need to write

27、 the address.  Dear Mr. Wang,  Thank you for your reply of August 20 about my application for a position. It came to hand this morning as a pleasant surprise. I am glad to tell you that I will attend the interview at the time you set for the morning of August 30. I will bring alo

28、ng full details of my testimonials as you suggested.  I would like to introduce myself to the company and hope to be a member of it. I would certainly spare no effort to acquit myself to your satisfaction.  Yours respectfully,  ×××  *come to han

29、d 表示收到。set 表示設定時間。 spare no effort 不遺余力。 私人和公務信函-分類舉例-推薦信  (Letters of Recommendation)  例1  Directions:You are preparing to introduce your student to sb. Write a letter about 100 words and express your opinion clearly.  1) what the referee want to obtain 

30、 2) the reason you want to introduce him or her.  3) the opinion and suggestion of yourself.  You do not need to write the address.  Dear Professor Smith,  It is my pleasure to recommend my student Mr. Wang Gang for admission to your department for pursui

31、ng a master degree in accounting.  I am engaged in accounting teaching at a university in Beijing China, I enjoy my work and all of my Chinese students, who are so clever and friendly. However Mr. Wang Gang excels almost any others. He is not only outstanding in the field of accounting but

32、 also gifted for the English language, for he seems to understand almost every word I say in class. As concern as his personality, I find him honest, responsible, and cooperative. I bet youll like him too.  I recommend him enthusiastically. If you need further information regarding Mr. Wan

33、g Gnag, do not hesitate to contact me.  Best regards,  Sincerely yours,  ×××  *be engaged in 表示從事（工作），as concern as關于、提及  例2  Directions:You are asked to write a recommendation of your student for a position of marketing cler

34、k about 100 words please express your reason clearly.You do not need to write the address.  Dear Mr. Manager,  I am writing this letter to recommendate my student Wang Gang who is seeking the position of marketing clerk of your company.  He says you are satisfied with h

35、is presentation at the interview and require recommendation to be attached to his exceptional academic performance in the college.  As his political instructor, I think Mr.Wang is well qualified for the position he seeks. He always ranks among the top five in his grade, has passed CET-6 an

36、d obtains a certificate of intermediate computer skills. Mr. Wang is a studious, selfless, and aspiring young man, and he is awarded the title of Three Good Activist by the college every year.  I believe he is a good candidate worthy of your consideration.  Your sincerely, &

37、#160;×××  *interview即面試， be well qualified表示完全具有資格、很合格  例3  Directions:You are going to write a recommendation for sb. as you will introduce him or her a job. Please express your idea clearly about 100 words.You do not need to write the address. 

38、0;Dear Sirs,  I take delight in recommending Mr Wang Gang to the Education Department of your university.  Mr Wang is a conscientious and strong-minded young man. He was first trained for two years in Beijing Normal University and assigned to work as a high school teacher. His de

39、sire, however, was to instruct English in a university. Then he entered the Beijing Institute of Education to study English for another two years . His academic record was exceptionally good, especially in American literature course.  Now, He has graduated from the institute and hopes to s

40、tudy further abroad, which will benefit his future employment prospect and may help fulfil his desire.  I should appreciate it very much if you would consider him.  Yours sincerely×××  *take delight in表示很樂于（做某事）。  例4  Directions: Your

41、are asked to write a recommendation for a student. Please give your suggestions and express your opinions clearly about 100 words.You do not need to write the address.  To Professor Zhang,  I have the pleasure of writing this letter of recommendation for Mr. Li Ming, who is a stu

42、dent of mine. He wishes to be considered an applicant for the MS course of biology at your college.  Mr. Wang is a gifted young man. He has devoted his heart to his study and research. Not only has he obtained As in all major subject areas, but he has also published several articles in the

43、 school journal, illustrating his originality and his deep understanding of science. For his competence, he is respected by everyone who knows him.  I feel sure that, if he is accepted by your college, he will be able to develop his talent to its fullest potential. I sincerely hope you wil

44、l give him favorable consideration.  Yours cordially,  ×××  * 推薦信經常使用一些褒獎的形容詞來描述被推薦人。以下是一些常用的描述品行和能力的詞語，供大家參考：bright, clever, capable, gifted, talented, ingenious, outstanding, prominent, diligent, assiduous, industrious, conscientious, hardworki

45、ng, humorous, good-humored, cooperative, compromising, competent, original, innovative, ambitious, creative, original, innovative, inventive, imaginative, firm, persistent, persevering, resourceful, kind-hearted, generous, honest, helpful, cheerful, considerate, devoted, dedicated, committed, promis

46、ing, far beyond the average person等。以上各詞應根據語意選擇，但不要過于堆砌。 私人和公務信函-分類舉例-祝賀信  （Letters of Congratulation）  例1  Directions: Please write a letter of about 100 words to congratulate your friend Li Ming, who did well in the passed college entrance exam and has been enrolled i

47、n Peking University.You do not need to write the address.  Dear Ming,  We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entrance examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University. Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this e

48、xciting occasion.  You have all along been working hard at your professional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects. Your success shows that only hard work can yield good results.  We take this opportunity to express our best wishes to you. Wish you greater achievements

49、in your college education.  Yours cordially,  ×××  *對朋友高考勝利的祝賀信應包括對其所付出努力的肯定，對其成績的祝賀和對未來的祝福。  例2  Directions:Your friend Steven and Jenny have just had a new baby boy. Please write a letter of about 100 words to congratulate them.You d

50、o not need to write the address.  Dear Jenny:  How happy you must be to have a beautiful new baby boy.The happiness in my heart is just the same with you. Now youve experienced the joy that only a new mother knows as her baby is put into her arms for the first time. 

51、; I am sure that the little stranger must look like his father and some years later he will be a smart fellow.  May the years ahead be filled with good health and good fortune for you and Steven and your little Whats-his-name.Best wishes to all of you!  Very sincerely yours,

52、  ×××  *慶賀孩子出生的信一般都寫給孩子的母親  例3  Directions:Your high school classmate Zhanghong has just graduated from Cambridge University. Please write a letter to congratulate her.You should write about 100 words and do not need to write the address. &

53、#160;Dear Zhanghong:  How time flies! Here you are graduating from Cambridge University and planning to find a job in a computer cooperation in the United States.  Congratulations on the job well done while at university and good luck to you during your new career.  <

54、;BR>I wish you success in all your undertakings and hope youll find your career a source of great joy and happiness.  Any time when you come back home,I wish you would come to my place.Then,we may recall our high school life.Everything will be well with you I believe.  Sincere

55、ly yours,  ×××  *寫作時要充分挖掘導語中的有效信息，特別是high school classmate等細節信息。  例4  Directions：Bill got a Doctorate in literature for Tsinghua University. Write a letter to congratulate him.You should write about 100 words and do not need to write the address

56、.  Dear Bill,  I got the news from Mike that you have received a Doctorate in literature from Tsinghua University. I congratulate you for this. To have reached this milestone in your scholarship at a young age is really great. It means, I believe, years of assiduous study and har

57、d work on your part. And it is an achievement you can be well proud of. As your best friend, I hope you can reach higher level in your study and do more contribution to the society. My best wishes to you!  Sincerely, ×××  * 朋友年輕有為，獲得博士學位，應該祝賀。正如信中所說，這一成就是“多年來刻苦學習和努

58、力工作的結果”（years of assiduous study and hard work）。英文有一句成語：No sweet no sweat. 世界上不勞有獲的事情是沒有的。  例5  Directions: Write a letter of congratulation to a friend who win the scholarship in Tsinghua University. You should write about 100 words and do not need to write the address. 

59、60;Dear Jiang,  I take great pleasure in sending congratulations to you on your winning the scholarship to the Tsinghua University of American literature.  While Im not a little surprised, Im all happy to get the good news. I know you have got excellent marks for all the courses

60、you took. It is great to know that you have achieved the goal you set for yourself. It is an award that you richly deserve. Im really proud of you.  Warmest congratulations.  Cordially yours,  ×××  * 這是一封祝賀信。字詞之間流露出祝賀的誠意，如“great pleasure”，“not a

61、 little surprise”，“great”  例6  Directions: You have just found an article about your friend Jims success in research on Jinghua newspaper. Write a letter to him to congratulate him. You should write about 100 words and do not need to write the address.  Dear Jim, &

62、#160;We are very happy to learn from todays Jinghua newspaper the great news of your success A paper on Teaching Theory. You cant image how pleased we are.  It is a well-deserved recognition of your remarkable work. We are lucky in having you among our friends, and we are so proud of you a

63、nd happy for you.  Please accept our warmest congratulations.  Yours cordially,  ×××  * 寫作中應擅用破折號，以達到簡單明了的目的。It is a recognition of 表示這是對某人某事的認同和肯定。 私人和公務信函-分類舉例-求助信  (Letters of Asking for Help)  例1  Directions: Yo

64、u want to study further for a Masters degree and you are preparing for the entrance exam. Since you have difficulty in English, you should write a letter around 100 words to ask for help from your good friend Fang.You do not need to write the address.  Dear Fang,  I am sorry that

65、 I have to ask a favour of you, with the hope that you will be kind to help me.  I have been longing to apply for the entrance examination for MA candidates for a long time because I want to pursue advanced studies.Unfortunately I find myself far from the required standard, especially my very poor English. At this moment, the personal friendship leads me to approach you with the request, whether you can manage to give me