1、河北聯(lián)合大學中英文翻譯專 業(yè) ： 土木工程 班 級 ： 08土木工程4班 姓 名 ： 何立拴 學 號 ： 200803030104 指 導 教 師 ： 張素敏 2012 年 6 月 01 日摘 要摘 要本次畢業(yè)設計是唐山水務局辦公樓建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設計，底層層高3.3米。建筑物總高度為14.1米,采用框架結(jié)構(gòu)，主體為4層，本地區(qū)抗震設防烈度為8度，近震，場地類別為II類場地。樓屋蓋均采用現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)。主要進行的是結(jié)構(gòu)設計部分。結(jié)構(gòu)設計簡而言之就是用結(jié)構(gòu)語言來表達工程師所要表達的東西。結(jié)構(gòu)語言就是結(jié)構(gòu)師從建筑及其它專業(yè)圖紙中所提煉簡化出來的結(jié)構(gòu)元素，包括基礎(chǔ)、墻、柱、梁、板、樓梯、大樣細部圖等等。

2、然后用這些結(jié)構(gòu)元素來構(gòu)成建筑物或構(gòu)筑物的結(jié)構(gòu)體系，包括豎向和水平的承重及抗力體系，再把各種情況產(chǎn)生的荷載以最簡潔的方式傳遞至基礎(chǔ)。該設計包括三部分：建筑設計、結(jié)構(gòu)設計和施工設計。其中，建筑設計主要是建筑物的平、立、剖面設計；結(jié)構(gòu)設計有結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件的布置及構(gòu)件尺寸的初定，統(tǒng)計荷載，內(nèi)力計算（橫向水平地震作用下內(nèi)力計算采用D值法，豎向荷載作用下內(nèi)力計算采用彎矩二次分配法），內(nèi)力組合，配筋設計，樓梯設計，樓板設計，基礎(chǔ)設計等；施工設計主要有施工組織設計說明書，施工進度計劃安排，施工平面布置和主要分部工程施工方案設計。設計過程中，計算部分使用手算，繪圖部分使用CAD、以及PKPM2002繪圖軟件。設計成果

3、有設計說明書一份，建筑結(jié)構(gòu)施工圖紙共21張。該辦公樓采用內(nèi)廊式框架結(jié)構(gòu)形式，使用安全。該設計共分為三大部分，分別是：建筑設計、結(jié)構(gòu)設計和施工組織設計。建筑設計部分：綜合了幾個方案的優(yōu)點，考慮可影響建筑的各種因素，采用了經(jīng)濟、實用、美觀的方案。在確定建筑方案后，使用CAD繪圖軟件，繪制出建筑平、立、剖面圖，以及各種詳圖，并編制了建筑設計總說明。建筑施工圖紙6張，分別是：首層平面圖、標準層平面圖、北立面圖、東立面圖與1-1剖面圖及樓梯平面圖、墻身大樣圖。該辦公樓的平面設計采用內(nèi)廊式，成一字形，功能房間對稱布置，各個房間的開間和進深比較均勻協(xié)調(diào)。根據(jù)該樓的建筑面積和人流量，在建筑內(nèi)設計了三部可以從一

4、層到達四層的雙跑樓梯，一部在大廳，另兩部對稱布置在東、西兩側(cè)。考慮到該建筑物的辦公功能，對于一些辦公室、活動室、資料室、閱覽室等的開間設計得比較大，讓人感覺寬敞舒服，有利于員工提供一個較好的工作環(huán)境。為了使該辦公樓給人一種比較氣派的感覺，在首層中部設有較大的門廳，并在辦公樓大門外設有較寬廣的臺階。辦公樓的立面設計簡潔、美觀、大方。外墻裝飾以貼瓷磚為主，門窗布置比較勻稱和規(guī)則，看上去比較明朗美觀。結(jié)構(gòu)設計部分：分別從結(jié)構(gòu)的體系選擇、結(jié)構(gòu)總體的布置、樓屋蓋的結(jié)構(gòu)方案及基礎(chǔ)方案的選擇等多方面進行了論述和詳細的計算。結(jié)構(gòu)計算大致分為以下幾個步驟：(1)荷載統(tǒng)計：荷載統(tǒng)計是在初選截面的基礎(chǔ)上進行的，其計

5、算過程是按從上到下的順序進行的，荷載的取值按各層房間的使用功能及位置的不同，查荷載規(guī)范確定。 按建筑方案中的平立剖面設計 ，選定計算簡圖，并初選構(gòu)件的截面。(2)框架變形驗算：驗算了框架在水平地震作用下橫向變形。此過程中，采用了節(jié)點位移法計算結(jié)構(gòu)的自震周期，按底部剪力法建立并考慮了節(jié)點附加水平地震作用。(3)橫向框架的內(nèi)力分析：分別分析了橫向框架在水平地震作用及豎向荷載作用下的內(nèi)力，用彎矩二次分配法計算梁端、柱端彎矩。(4)內(nèi)力組合：對恒載、活載及地震荷載進行三種不同得內(nèi)力組合，選出最不利內(nèi)力，并以此為依據(jù)對框架梁、柱進行截面設計。(5)板的設計： 用塑性鉸線法進行計算并進行配筋。(6)樓梯設

6、計： 采用板式樓梯進行樓梯板、平臺板、平臺梁的計算和配筋。(7)基礎(chǔ)設計： 采用柱下獨立基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)基本工程條件確定基礎(chǔ)尺寸并驗算其承載能力，進行基礎(chǔ)的抗沖切驗算、受彎計算等，再進行配筋。施工組織設計部分：根據(jù)工程概況進行一系列的施工部署，進行了一定的工程量的具體統(tǒng)計，計算相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)與指標，編制出施工進度計劃、材料需要量計劃、勞動力需要量計劃和機具需要量計劃，繪制出施工總平面圖，根據(jù)施工準備的條件編制施工準備計劃，選擇適當?shù)氖┕し桨负褪┕し椒ǎ⒘谐鲆恍┵|(zhì)量安全措施。本工程總的施工順序為先地下后地上，先主體后維護，先土建后設備安裝，先結(jié)構(gòu)后裝飾。主體結(jié)構(gòu)自下而上逐層分段流水施工。根據(jù)工程的施工條

7、件，全工程分三階段進行施工：第一階段，基礎(chǔ)工程；第二階段，結(jié)構(gòu)工程；第三階段,裝修工程。施工組織設計圖紙2張，分別是：施工進度計劃和施工總平面圖。本設計依據(jù)設計要求和原始資料，運用鋼筋混凝土、結(jié)構(gòu)力學基本原理及土力學和對材料性質(zhì)的深刻了解，遵守設計規(guī)則，保證建筑結(jié)構(gòu)合理，所有材料的質(zhì)量和強度合格，工藝良好。建筑設計采取積極措施來增強建筑物的外表強度和堅固性，給人以心理上的安全感。另外，還要有藝術(shù)的美感，要有時代氣息。結(jié)構(gòu)體系是鋼筋混凝土框架結(jié)構(gòu)，用砌塊做填充墻。結(jié)構(gòu)設計是使結(jié)構(gòu)物得到足夠的強度、剛度和韌性的過程。結(jié)構(gòu)體系選擇后，進行荷載分析和強度分析，同時考慮與建筑經(jīng)濟學的關(guān)系，把材料制作安裝

8、所需成本、所用時間，以及結(jié)構(gòu)使用期間的維修聯(lián)系起來。施工組織設計按照科學的依據(jù)分項工程，流水施工的方法，合理安排施工順序，注意安全措施，力求經(jīng)濟效益。關(guān)鍵詞：建筑設計 辦公樓 結(jié)構(gòu)設計 施工組織設計 -VII-河北聯(lián)合大學建筑工程學院AbstractThis graduation project is an office building of Tangshanzhengxin industrial，first floor building store height 3.3 metersthe heights of building is 14.1 meters.This works is a

9、 framework structure for a four-storey main, in the region earthquake intensity of 8 degrees near Lan site classification as Class II venues. Floor roof were using cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure. it was some of structural design that mainly carried on. The structural design expresses th

10、e thing that the engineer will express in structural language in brief. The structural language is structural elements simplified out refined from the building and other specialized drawings of structural engineer, including foundation, wall, column, roof beam, board, stair, full-page proof detail p

11、icture, etc. Then come to form the structural systems of the building or structures with these structural elements, including verticality and bearing and resist strength system of level, and then various load that situation produce in a most succinct way from transmission to foundation.Using the fra

12、mework of the structure of the project. The design includes three parts: the architectural design, structural design and construction design. Among them, the architectural design of buildings is mainly flat, lap, profile design; structural design of the layout of structural members and components of

13、 the initial size, statistical load calculation of internal forces (the level of seismic cross-cutting internal force calculation method using D, vertical Internal force calculation load distribution method using the second moment), combination of internal forces, reinforced design, stair design, fl

14、oor design, the basis of design; construction design major construction organization design specification, construction progress of plans, construction layout and the main Design engineering division. The design process, the calculation of some of the use of hand-counting, drawing some of the use of

15、 CAD, as well as mapping software PKPM2002. Design results of a design specification, construction blueprints and building structures a total of 21. The use of two-way symmetrical arrangement of buildings within the corridors of the frame structure, the use of security. The design is divided into th

16、ree parts, namely: architectural design, structural design and construction organization design. Part of architectural design: a combination of the advantages of several programs, consider the various factors that affect the construction, use of economic, practical and aesthetic programs. In determi

17、ning the post-construction program, the use of CAD drawing software, drawing a construction-ping, Li, profiles, and a variety of details, and the preparation of the architectural design of the overall description. 6 construction drawings, which are: General Information Building, first floor plan, th

18、e standard floor plan, top-level floor plan, roof plan, the North elevation, South elevation, east-west elevation, 1-1 profile, the staircase profiles and plans, and details of the bathroom. The office building used in the graphic design gallery-style, into a shape, function room symmetrical arrange

19、ment, each room into the hall and the coordination of the deep uniform. According to the construction area of the building and traffic building designed in three five-story from the arrival of the double layer of running the stairs, one in the hall, and the other two symmetrical arrangement in the E

20、ast and West on both sides. Taking into account the functions of the office building, for some offices, activity rooms, library, reading room, etc. more than design, spacious and comfortable feel will help provide a better working environment. In order to give the building a more sense of style, in

21、the first floor has a large central hall, and peripherals in the office door to a more broad level. Office building facade design simple, beautiful, generous. Decorative wall tiles in the main paste, relatively symmetrical arrangement of windows and doors and rules clearer look beautiful. The struct

22、ural design of components: the structure of the system from the choice of the structure of the overall layout, floor and roof of the structure of the program based on the choice of programs, etc. are discussed and detailed calculations. Structure calculation is broadly divided into the following ste

23、ps: (1) Load Statistics: Statistics in the primary load on the basis of cross-section, and its calculation is based on the order from top to bottom, the load value by using the function room on each floor and the location of the different search determine the load specification. Construction program

24、 by the Ping Li profile design, selection of the calculation diagram, and the primary component of the cross-section. (2) The framework of deformation checking: a framework for checking the level of seismic horizontal deformation. This process, the use of the node displacement method to calculate th

25、e structure of the self-shock cycles, the bottom shear established by taking into account the additional level of seismic action node. (3) Of the Internal Forces of the horizontal framework of analysis: analysis of the horizontal framework of the respective horizontal and vertical seismic loads of t

26、he internal forces, with the second moment method to calculate the distribution of beam and column end moment. (4) Combination of internal forces: on the dead load, live load and seismic loading was carried out in three different combinations of internal forces, internal forces to elect the most dis

27、advantaged, and use it as the basis of the framework of beams and columns designed to carry out cross-section. (5) Board design: plastic hinge method used to calculate and reinforcement.(6) The design of the staircase: The staircase to staircase plate panels, platform boards, platform computing and

28、reinforcement beam. (7) The basis of design: the use of an independent basis for the next column, in accordance with the conditions of capital works based on the size and checked to determine its load-bearing capacity to carry out check-based anti-punching, bending calculation, further reinforcement

29、. Construction of part of organizational design: a series of profiles based on the engineering construction plans to carry out a certain amount of project specific statistics, calculation of data and indicators related to the preparation of the construction schedule, material requirements plan, the

30、labor requirements for plans and equipment needs the volume of plans, to map out the overall construction plan, in accordance with the conditions for the preparation of construction ready to prepare construction plans, the selection of appropriate construction methods and construction program and a

31、list of quality measures. Construction of the project on the ground floor of the order of priority to the ground, after the first main maintenance, after the first construction equipment installation, the first decorative structure. The main structure of sub-water bottom-up layer by layer constructi

32、on. According to project conditions, the whole project is divided into three construction phases: the first stage, the basis of works; the second phase, structural engineering; the third stage, fitting-out works. Construction design drawings 2, namely: the construction plans and construction progress of the overall plan. Design requirements based on the design and the raw data, the use of reinforced concrete, the basic principles of structural mechanics and soil mechanics and a deep understanding of material properties, to comply with design rules to ensure that a r