1、M6 U3 Grammar Unreal conditionals虛擬語氣【學習目標】 Students are expected to learn when to use Unreal conditionals and how to use Unreal conditionals .【知識準備】英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。虛擬語氣用 來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實，所說的是一個條件， 不一定是事實，或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。條件狀語從句分類條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句 表示的是假設或

2、實際可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。eg : 1. If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the bus. he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.I were you,I would go at once.there were no air,people would die.以上四句中 和 是真實語氣； 和 是虛擬語氣【自主探究】一、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣（一）if引導的條件狀語從句1 If I had time, I would attend the meeting.2 . If I were you,

3、I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.3 . If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.4 . If he had come earlier, he wouldn ' t have missed the first bus.5 If the headmaster came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.6 If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting wo

4、uld be put off.7 If he should make a mistake, you should not blame him.與現在事實相反 與過去事實相反 與將來事實相反感悟：與現在事實相反1. If I were a doctor, I might save her life without hesitation.2. If I stayed at home now, I could play computer games.總結形式：時態if條件從句主句，現在事實相反動詞用過去式be (were)Would/could/should/might +動詞原形練一練：If I

5、wereIf I had time ，譯一譯：1.要是他現在在這兒，我們就會問他關于這件事。If he were here now , we would ask him about it .2. 即使她現在在這兒，她也不能解決這個問題。Even though she were/was here , she couldn't solve the problem. 感悟：與過去事實相反1. If I had earned a lot of money last year, I would have bought a car.2. If the earthquake hadn' t

6、happened in Wenchuan in 2008, many people wouldn' t have lost families.總結形式：時態if 條件從句主句，過去事實相反動詞用過去完成式would /could/should+have done/might(not)練練：1. If the farmer hadn ' t seen the snake, he(not put) it in the arms.2. If he (not put) it in the arms, the snake wouldn' t have bitten him.3.

7、If the snake(not bite) him, he(not die).my lawyer(not be here ) last Saturday , he(prevent ) me from going .4.如果我好好學習如果昨天我聽你的建議，如果我更小心地開車，1. In the future, if I had 10,000,000 yuan, I would buy a house.2. If the water in the Pacific Ocean were to be poured out, it wouldn' t stop mylove.3. If he

8、should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.總結形式：時態if條件從句主句與將來事實相反練一練:1. If everyone(help) those in need in future, the world would be a much better place.2. If it(be) fine this weekend, we would have a picnic.3. If I(be admit to) a famous university in two years, I would treat you to a big m

9、eal.4. If it(snow) tomorrow, we would go skiing.譯一譯：1.如果我今天下午看見他了，我會告訴他的。2. 要是我將來賺了一千萬，我就自己建立一個學校。3. 他要是敢解雇我，我就泄露他所有的秘密。(二)：條件狀語的倒裝：如果條件狀語中有 were, had, should 時，可以倒裝成：Were / Should/ Had +主+其他1. If I were you, I would try it again. , I would try it again.2. If he had been there yesterday, he would ha

10、ve seen the film. there yesterday, he would have seen the film.3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn ' t go out. tomorrow, we wouldn' t go out.注意：在省略句型中，只有 had done的had才能省略，實義動詞 had不能省。1If I had time now, I would go to the library. Had I time now,( 誤)(三).錯綜時間條件句：假設條件從句謂語動詞發生的時間與主句所假設的謂語動詞

11、不 一致，叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設的時間而定。1. If the weather had been fined, the crops would be growing still better.2. If you had followed the teacher ' s advice, you wouldn ' t be in the hospital.3. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you(know) what we are doing now.you(take) my

12、advice then, you(現在就不會有麻煩了)5.her husband(kill) in the war, she would not be helping others with housework now.(四)：含蓄條件句：有時虛擬的條件不是通過條件句來表示，而是用一些詞或短語，如 without, but for, or , otherwise等，這種句子叫含蓄條件句。1. But for electricity ( = If it were not for electricity ), there would be no modern industry.2. Without

13、 your help (If it had not been for your help), we could not have succeed.3. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.Key: 1. would not have put2. had not put 3. had not bitten/would not have died not been here /would not have prevented練一練：填入合適的動詞形式。1) Without air, th

14、ere no life on the earth. (be)2) He but for his teacher ' s timely advice. (fail)3) We the work better in that case. (do)4) He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he an importantmeeting to attend. (have)Key:1) would be 2) would have failed 3) would have done 4) had【鞏固提升】當堂訓練：1. If y

15、ou(speak) to him last time you saw him, you(know)what to do now.2. If I (have not ) so much work to do , I (not miss) the filmlast night.3. If you (hesitate) this moment, you(suffer) in future.4. If Mary (arrive) today, she must have started threedays ago.5. If it (snow) last night, it (be) very col

16、d today.6. - Why didn t he comeHe _but she didn t have time.(come)7. She would put on weight but she (not eat ) enough.Key: spoken not had /would not have missed /would suffer snowed /would be have come t eat 8. 如果我早上出門帶錢了，現在就不如此尷尬了。9. 要不是你的幫助，我是不會成功通過考試的。10. 她感覺不舒服，不然她不會那么早離開會場的。11. 如果他沒有生病并且錯過了那么多

17、的課，他就會取得更大的進不了。12. 如果不是你的建議，我們不可能克服這些困難。13. 如果不是窗戶開著睡覺，你就不會感冒了。14. 我不知道他的電話號碼，否則的話，我就會給他打電話了。15. 如果不是英語老師的幫助，我們就不可能贏得英語寫作競賽一等獎了。16. 如果我們繼續這樣折騰地球，我們將來將無立足之地。單項選擇1. Were it not for the snowy weather, we all right.A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be2. more careful, his ship would not have

18、sunk.A. If the captain were B. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been3. If he me tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able4. If you asked your father, you permission.A. may get B. might get C. s

19、hould have called D. maybe get5. today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leavingC. Were he to leave D. If he leaves6. I you, I would go with him to the party.A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ourchairman now.A. m

20、ust have been B. would have been C. were D. would be8. If the horse won today, it thirty races in five years.A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won9. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, asudden loud noise.A. being there B. should there be C. there w

21、as D. there having been10. If you hadn t taken such a long time to get dressed, we d thereby now.A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling11. George would certainly have attended the meeting, .A. if he didn t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn t happenedC. had he not had a flat tire D. ha

22、d the tire not flattened itself12. Without electronic computers, much of today s advanced technology .A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achievedC. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved13. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting.A. would come B. came C. w

23、ould have come D. had come14. If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now.A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told15. she yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.A. If, didn t leave B. Had not, left C.Hadn t, left D. Didn t, leave16. If you smoke, please go outside be

24、cause this is a non-smoking office.A. mustB. shouldC. canD. may17. If Sanlu Group melamine to the milk, the babies too much from kidney stone.A. didn t add; would not suffered B.hadn t added; wouldn t havesufferedC. hasn t added; wouldn t have suffered D. hadn t adde d; would have suffered18. If the

25、 printerbreak down under guarantee, we would repair it at ourexpense.A. may B. could C. might D. should19. I the poor rabbit, but I didn t have the right drugs with me at thatmoment.A. savedB. had savedC. could saveD. could have saved20. . But for your timely warning, we into great trouble. You know

26、 we re friends.A. would getB. must have got C. would have gotD. couldn thave got21. - You promised to come to my dinner party last night but you didn t turnup.- I , but something unexpected happened just before I left.A. would like to haveB. should like toC. am going toD. like to22. Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. Iit, but I was busy pr