1、. 學科老師輔導學案 課程主題： 17-4-連詞狀從閱讀B 學習目的1.掌握并列連詞連接彼此并列的詞、短語或句子。2.掌握附屬連詞引導賓語從句和狀語從句的用法。3.夯實根底，進步完形填空解題才能。4.掌握完形填空解題方法，進步解題正確率。教學內容1.介詞、感慨句復習一.連詞【知識梳理】1.連詞的概念連詞是一種虛詞。它不能在句中獨立充當成分，只能在詞與詞、詞組與詞組、句子與句子之間起連接作用。連詞分為并列連詞與附屬連詞兩大類。2.并列連詞的分類表示意思轉折的連詞 but, yet, however 表示因果關系的連詞 for, so, therefore 其他并列連詞 and, or, eith

2、er, or, neither, nor not only, but also, both, and, as well as3.并列連詞的用法1 and lA and B和，并且 Mary read the text loud and clearly瑪麗朗讀課文響亮又清楚。 注意：構造“祈使句+ and+陳述句表示條件，相當于“假如就。 例如：Work hard and you'll get good grades in your exams. =If you work hard, you'll get good grades in your exams. 假如努力學習，你就可

3、以在考誠中得到好成績。 2 both A and B和 例如：These students are both clever and careful.這些學生既聰明又仔細。 3 not only A but also B;B as well as A不但而且 例如：She can not only sing but also dance. She can dance as well as sing她不僅會唱歌而且會跳舞。 注意：當not onlybut also以及as well as連接并列主語時主謂一致原那么如下： Not only he but also I am good at draw

4、ing謂語動詞單復數形式與最鄰近它的主 語單復數一致 He as well as I is good at drawing謂語動詞單復數形式與句子主語單復數一致 4 neither A nor B既不也不 在連接并列主語時，謂語動詞單復數形式與最鄰近它的主語單復數一致。 例如：Neither you nor he is fit for the job.你和他都不合適干這項工作。2 but表示轉折意義例如：She is short, but she plays basketball very well她個于矮小，但籃球打得很好。3 or 1 or或者表示選擇意義 例如：Who is heavie

5、r，John or Mike?誰更重些，約翰還是邁克？ 2 or否那么表示否認的條件 例如：Be careful in your exam, or you'll fail again =If you are not careful in your exam，you'll fail again考試中仔細一點，否那么你又會不及格。 3 eitheror或是或是；不是就是 在連接并列主語時，謂語動詞單復數形式與最鄰近它的主語單復數保持一致。 例如：Either you or I am wrong.不是你錯就是我錯。4 so所以表示因果關系 例如：I found a boy runni

6、ng after me, so l stopped我發現有個男孩在追我，所以我停了 下來。 注意：so與because不能用于同一句中。5 for因為用于對前面的句子進展解釋，所表示的因果關系多屬于推斷性的，此時不能與because互換使用。 例如：He must be ill today, for he didn't come to school. 他今天一定病了，因為他沒來上學。 注意：for引導的句子乜可以表示直接原因，此時可以與because互換使用，但for引導的句子不能位于句首。 例如：I had to light a candle, for/because the lig

7、hts went out suddenly. 我必須點一支蠟燭，因為燈突然熄滅了。【難點】 就近原那么： 1neither. nor. Neither Lucy nor Lily is a League member. 2not only.but also.Not only you but also he likes football. 3either.or. Either Jim or Peter is right. 4not.but. Not Jim but Peter broke the cup.4.附屬連詞附屬連詞一般用來引導主從復合句，如賓語從句、狀語從句。1引導賓語從句的附屬連詞

8、引導賓語從句的附屬連詞分別由連接代詞如that，who m，what，whosewhich等，或連接副詞如if/whether，whenwhere，why，how等充當。 例如：I hope that you will enjoy our performance. 我希望你會喜歡我們的演出。 I don't know what his new telephone number is. 我不知道他的新 號碼是什么。 I asked him if/whether he had passed the exam我問他是否通過了考試。 1 wonder how they managed to d

9、o the job in such a short time. 我想知道他們如何設法在如此短的時間內做好了這項工作。 I don't know who took my umbrella? 載不知道誰拿走了我的傘？ Please tell me why they were late again? 請告訴我他們為什么又遲到了？2引導狀語從句的附屬連詞 引導狀語從句的附屬連詞可表示以下各種關系： 時間：when, while, until/till, before, after, as soon as, since 原因：because, as, since, now that, for 條

10、件：if 讓步：though/although 結果：sothat 目的：so that 比較：than, asas, not so/asas例如：When he comes, I will give the message to him. 當他來的時候，我將把這個口信捎給他。 As soon as I receive his letter, I'II let you know. 一收到他的信，我就告訴你。 After you finish eating, don't forget to clean the table. 你吃完后，不要忘了擦干凈桌子。 They have be

11、en happy since they came to study in our school. 自從到我們學校學習以來，他們一直很快樂。 They will stay at school until/till they are sixteen. 他們將在學校一直呆到十六歲。 1 will buy the coat if it fits me well.加果這件上衣合我身，我將買下。 He asked for leave because he had to see the doctor. 因為需要去看醫生，他請了假。 As it was hot, we went swimming in the

12、 sea因為天氣炎熱，我們去海里游泳。注意：because/as/.since不能與so出如今同一句子中。例如：Now that everything is ready, shall we start？ 既然一切都準備好了，我們開場好嗎？注意：though/although不能與but出如今同一句子中，但可以用yet。例如：Though he isn't clever, yet he works hard.雖然他不聰明，但很用功。 He does eye exercises every day, so that he won't be shortsighted. 為了不患近視眼

13、，他每天做眼保健操。 They walked so fast that I couldn't keep up with them. 他們走得很快，我跟不上他們。 The earth is bigger than the moon地球比月亮大。5.解題技巧：1首先找出連詞在句中是連接詞與詞、短語與短語還是連接句子與句子、句子與從句，以此來確定選擇并列連詞還是附屬連詞，并掌握各連詞的漢語意思和使用方法；2掌握打破法：抓住題目中的某個點，先排除一個或幾個選項，然后再逐一排除。【例題精講】例1._ it was late at night, Mr Black was still working

14、.A. IfB. BecauseC. ThoughD. As例2._David _I are policemen.A. Neither,norB. Either,orC. Both,andD. Not only,but also例3.When youre learning a foreign language,use it, _ you will lose it.A. butB. orC. thenD. and例4.Go along the road,_ youll find the market at the end of it.A. whenB. andC. orD. though例5.W

15、ould you like to come to the dinner party here on Saturday?Thank you. I'd love to, _ I'll be out of town at the weekend.A. becauseB. andC. soD. but【課堂練習】1.徐匯區二模 Since there was only one position available,Mr.Peterson had to choose either Jack_Tom to be the manager.A. andB. soC. orD. but2.上海市

16、中考真題John didnt give up looking for a job _ he got an offer from a German company.A. untilB. sinceC. becauseD. if3. The meal will go bad _ you dont put it in the fridge.A. becauseB. ifC. whenD. since4.上海崇明縣二模I know it takes a lot of energy to heat water,_ I always wash my face with cold water.A. orB.

17、 butC. andD. so5.上海中考真題The nurse wont leave her patients_shes sure they are all taken care of.A. unlessB. becauseC. sinceD. if6.上海中考真題The flight was delayed by the storm, _ the passengers had to wait at the airport.A. butB. orC. soD. for7.上海松江區二模The earth was so seriously polluted _ we must take act

18、ion to save the planet.A. asB. thatC. soD. before8.上海楊浦區二模The patient had to have the operation, _she would die.A. orB. butC. andD. so9.上海普陀區二模Nowadays many people travel abroad to spend the Spring Festival it is a bit expensive.A. becauseB. thoughC. sinceD. if10.上海奉賢區二模_Martin_his friends ate up al

19、l the food they ordered. They took the left away.A. Both. andB. Neither.norC. Not only.but alsoD. Either.or11.Take a careful look at the two pictures, _ youll find several differences between them.A. soB. andC. orD. but12.I knew nothing of the murder case _ I read the newspaper report last night.A.

20、whenB. becauseC. untilD. since13.Well have to cancel the school sports meeting _it snows tonight.A. ifB. althoughC. unlessD. since14.It was a terrible journey, _we got there safely in the end.A. andB. orC. soD. but15.2019上海中考真題Leave the reference books behind, _ you wont be able to think independent

21、ly.A. orB. andC. soD. but二.狀語從句【知識梳理】1.狀語從句的概念狀語從句在復合句中用作狀語，修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞和副詞等。狀語從句與賓語從句不同的是：賓語從句只能跟在及物動詞或部分介詞的后面，而絕大部分狀語從句的位置很活潑既可以放在主句的前面，又可以放在主句的后面。當狀語從句在主句前面時，主從句之間用逗號斷開。2.狀語從句的分類狀語從句通常可以分為時間、地點、條件、原因、目的、結果、讓步、比較和方式等九類。 時間：when, while、as、as soon as、until、since、by the time 地點：where、wherever、no matt

22、er where、anywhere 條件：if、unless 原因：because、now that、since、as 目的：so that、in order that 結果：sothat、suchthat 讓步：although 比較：asas、not so asas、than 方式：as.as if.a.s though3.時間狀語從句用于表達時間。注意以下例句的意思及前后時態的一致性： when: It was raining hard when school was over yesterday. I got angry when I heard the news. She wants

23、 to be a teacher when she grows up. while: My father was cooking while my mother was reading last night. before: I finished my homework before I went to bed last night. after: After I had turned off the lights, I went to bed last night. as soon as: I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.

24、The students entered the classroom as soon as the bell rang. since: I have lived here since l was born until: I didn't leave here until my mother came yesterday.4.地點狀語從句一般由where, wherever和everywhere引導。地點狀語從句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。如：Where there is a will，there is a way. Wherever he goes, he keeps in

25、mind what his father has instructed tum地點狀語從句可以有省略的表達方式。如：Put in an article where you think it is necessary.5.條件狀語從句用來表示主句情況實現的條件。主要時態為主句將來時，從句如今時。如：If I have time tomorrow, I'll go shopping with you.6.原因狀語從句表示原因，引導原因狀語從句常用的連詞有because因為、since因為、既然、as因為、由于、now that既然、由于等。如：I can't go to see t

26、he film because I'm quite busy. Now that everything is ready, we can set off at once. I'll get up at 5 tomorrow morning because I'II meet my uncle at the railway station 注意：because語氣最強，用why提問。as語氣較弱，表示的是明顯原因。since、now、that表示明顯原因或眾所周知的事實。7.目的狀語從句表示目的，由so that或in order that引導。在改為簡單句時可以由in

27、order to或so as to引導。如：I got up early this morning so that I could catch the early bus. 改成：I got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus. The teacher explained the text slowly in order that all of us might understand it. 改成：The teacher explained the text slowly in order to be understood

28、 by all of us.8.方式狀語從句常用連詞是as if和as though引導。這兩個短語的用法一樣，意思是“好似，仿佛，引導方式狀語從句時有時用虛擬語氣，表示可能性很小或不符合實際事實的情況。as if和as though從句可用省略形式，后面常接不定式、分詞、形容詞和介詞短語。如：The Little boy talks as if he were a man. The woman looks here and there as if she is looking for something.引導方式狀語從句的連詞還有the way，as等。如：You'd better

29、change the way you speak to your parents. Man needs air as fish needs water.9.結果狀語從句表示結果，常用sothat或suchthat引導。如：Peter is so clever that he can answer the question Peter is such a clever boy that he can answer the question. 比較上面兩句句子，可以發現so修飾形容詞，而such修飾名詞。這兩個復合句在改為簡單句時可以用tooto太而不能或 notenoughto do做某事足夠做

30、某事缺乏夠形式轉換。如：The car is so expensive that I can't buy it改為簡單句 The car is too expensive for me to buy. The car is not cheap enough for me to buy. The boy is so old that he can join the army.改為簡單句 The boy is old enough to join the army.10.讓步狀語從句用來表示讓步，引導讓步狀語從句的常用附屬連詞有though、although雖然但是等。要注意的是，英語和漢

31、語的連詞運用情況不同，漢語常用成對連詞，如“雖然但是、“因為所以，但在英語中只使用其中一個，用了although就不用but，用了but就不用although。兩者不能同時使用。如：He is old and weak, but he works hard He works hard though he is old and weak. Though he is old and weak, he works hard.11.比較狀語從句用來表示比較，它常省略與主句重復的部分。如：The boy is as tall as his father now. He can't play fo

32、otball as well as he used to.【例題精講】例1.I don't know if it _ tomorrow. If it _, I won't go.A. will rain; will rain B. rains; rainsC. rains; will rain D. will rain; rains例2.The meeting didn't start_ everyone was there.A. becauseB. untilC. whyD. if例3._ the day went on, the weather got worse.

33、A. WithB. SinceC. WhileD. As例4._ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.A. AlthoughB. BecauseC. AsD. As if例5.A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.A. whenB. afterC. becauseD. until【課堂練習】1.If you dont go to the meeting tomorrow, _.A.

34、he will, tooB. he wont, eitherC. he does, tooD. he doesnt, either2.Life is like a mirror_you smile at it，it will smile backA. UnlessB. WhenC. Until D. Though3.Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although4.Dont worryBill will help you look after your dog when you _

35、away on businessA. areB. wereC. will beD. have been5.The rivers will become dirtier and dirtier _ we take action to protect them .A. ifB. butC. unlessD. though6.Dr.Wang is _ good person that everybody loves and respects him.A. soB. suchC. such aD. so a7.In summer milk will quickly go bad_ it is put

36、into a fridge.A. though B. unless C. because D. once8.It is_ a beautiful garden_ we like to play in it.A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. very; that9._you've tasted it, you can't imagine how delicious the dishes are.A. BecauseB. Although C. When D. Unless10.Ten years has passed_ the CCT

37、V event People Who Moved China took place in 2019.A. when B. while C. before D. since11.Peter likes reading a newspaper_ he is having breakfast.A. until B. whileC. because D. though三.總知識梳理【知識梳理】1.完形填空概述完形填空是一種測試學生語言程度和實際運用才能的綜合性題型。它要求學生必須具備一定的詞匯量和一定的詞法知識，以及具備一定的閱讀才能、分析才能和邏輯推理才能。它不同于單項選擇注重于對單個句子的理解。也

38、不是單純考察語法和詞匯的有關知識。它要求我們在對整個篇章理解的根底上，深化理清文章線索，判斷各部分的邏輯關系，以及理解作者意圖等等。然后運用我們所掌握的語法、詞匯、慣用法知識來做出判斷，選擇正確答案。2.完形填空考察方式3.完形填空解題方法完形填空題的解題過程首先是一個閱讀的過程。做題時必須把握作者的思路，在整個解題的過程中不斷地從各個角度進展符合邏輯的推理，進而驗證推理的正確性，修正初填的答案，以到達理解全文、構建篇章意識、解決問題的目的。解題關鍵在于把握文章的整體性。考生除了掌握單詞的意義、詞匯的用法、固定搭配和有關常識外，重點要放在邏輯推理和對上下文乃至通篇文章的理解上。 注意以下幾個步

39、驟：通讀全文，領會大意 動筆解題前，先快速閱讀全文。從總體上理解文章的主題思想，中心含義和段落之間的邏輯關系。同時要注意文章的開頭和結尾以及每段開頭。因為這些地方往往能提供主要的情節，有助于理解全文所描繪的事情和文章的中心議題，千萬不能把注意力集中在空白處，而忽略了與全文的關系。抓住線索，仔細推敲 在理解大意的根底上，再逐句閱讀，根據上下文的線索和情景，順藤摸瓜，反復推敲。答案確實定主要從這幾個方面考慮： 從上下文的角度。往往應選的答案在文章的前面或后面就有了提示。 從詞匯意義、用法及固定搭配的角度。這方面往往是考察的內容之一。要注意同義詞、近義詞、反義詞及詞語的區分和固定的搭配等。 從邏輯判

40、斷和常識的角度。有時從外表上看，所有的選項都可以。但是從邏輯推理和常識判斷來看，答案只有一個。復讀全文，核對答案選好所有的答案后，再把短文讀一遍進展核查。看文章是否通順流暢，用詞是否恰當，是否符合語法要求和英語表達習慣。對自己平時屢做屢錯的地方要特別留心，發現錯誤，及時糾正。4.完形填空解題要點抓住題目及文章第一句話和最后一句話；建立篇章意識；注意積累實詞的用法，尤其是動詞、形容詞、副詞或名詞的用法及辨析。5.完型填空考察要求“完型填空Cloze是初中英語試題考察的一種重要題型。事實證明，完型填空通常是同學們較難把握的題型之一，且失分率較高。它是對學生閱讀才能，語法知識，邏輯推理以及分析歸納等

41、綜合才能的考察。因此，要做好完型填空，不僅要具備一定的詞法、句法和慣用法等語法知識，而且還要具備閱讀理解才能、綜合分析才能和運用語言知識的理論才能。中考完型填空從根本設計上來看，原那么都是一致的，都是從短文中抽去假設干詞，讓考生根據上下文填入適當的詞，為了有助于考生填入適當的詞，可以提供四個答案其中包括一個正確答案，讓考生選出正確的答案：“抽詞法可以是有針對性地抽，也可以是隨機地抽。但目前主要考察的是學生在詳細語言環境中對文章的篇章構造、中心思想、推理判斷、詞語辨析、習慣用法、固定搭配等方面的才能要求，及對所學英語的綜合運用才能、快速閱讀理解才能及邏輯推理判斷才能等，而不是單純對語法構造的考察

42、。6.完型填空命題趨勢完型填空要求考生不僅要會運用自己學過的詞匯和語法知識妥善地處理好每個單句，理解語義，還要處理好單句之間以及單句完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：構成各種時態和用法區別的動詞及短語動詞；名詞和介詞；根據上下文意思及構造必須填入的形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞；同義詞、近義詞等易混詞。考察以實詞為主，兼顧虛詞和語法構造。難點主要集中在根據上下文作正確判斷的詞的用法上。 題材：以故事性題材居多，歷年中考故事小品類題材比例超過50%，故事往往具有幽默性或富有哲理，其他還有科普小品、文化體育、風土人情、人物、史地等。 體裁：完形填空選文的體裁也值得一提，以記敘文居多，同樣在近年中考考試中記敘

43、文比例超過50%.其他還有說明文應用文、議論文等。 命題形式：完型填空題的兩空之間一般相隔710個詞，短文首尾句一般不設填空題，每句中只有一個空。試題特點分析：分析近幾年完型填空題可以發現以下一些規律：a此題型設空以考察文意為主，也就是我們所說的“實詞一一名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等，比重極大，且有逐年增加的趨勢。b降低對單詞本身詞意的考察要求，以突出此題的主要測試目的：理解全文，通篇考慮，掌握大意，注重關聯。c增加了考察連詞的題，涉及考生對于行文邏輯的掌握及文句之間關聯的理解。d注意結合文意考察對詞語用法的掌握。主要涉及兩個方面：詞義辨析與慣用搭配。同義與近義詞的比較分辨應當放到一定的語境之中

44、才有意義。假如只是一一對應地背記單詞的中文意思，不注意詳細語境中單詞確實切含意，是難以分辨一些詞匯的細微差異的。題目的類型可分為：a語言知識型，如各種語法規那么、句型、句式等；還包括詞匯型，測試單詞在一定語境下的根本用法、習慣用法、常用搭配以及對其詞義的記憶或其特定意義的理解和靈敏運用。 b判斷推理型，考察對篇章的整體理解、上下文段落的銜接、邏輯思維與判斷推理才能。c綜合型，即對知識和才能綜合運用的考察。7.完形填空高頻動詞短語1 look up查看2 look like 看上去像3 look after 照料4 say hello to 向問好5 speak to對說話6 put on 穿上

45、7 take off脫下8 write down記下9 get on 上車10 get off 下車11 stand in line 站隊12 laugh at 嘲笑13 throw about 亂丟，拋散14 quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架15 take ones temperature 給某人體溫16 have/get a pain in某處疼痛17 have a headache 頭痛18 feel like doing sth. 想要干某事19 stopfrom doing sth. 阻止干某事20 fall asleep 入睡21 look over 檢查22 take

46、 exercise運動23 had betternot do sth. 最好不要干某事24 get back 回來，取回25 run away 逃跑26 eat up 吃光，吃完27 run after 追趕28 takegood care of=look afterwell 好好照顧，照料29 think of 考慮到，想起30 keep a diary 堅持寫日記31 leave one by oneself 把某人單獨留下32 turn on翻開電燈、收音機、煤氣等33 turn off 關34 turn up 調大音量35 turn down調小音量36 keep on doing s

47、th. 繼續做某事37 carry on 繼續做某事38 go on 繼續做某事39 be able to + v 原 = can + v 原 可以40 be afraid to do of sth 恐懼，害怕41 be allowed to do 被允許做什么42 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang43 catch up with sb 趕上某人44 chat with sb 和某人閑談 45 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地46 come in 進來47 come over to 過來48 come up with 提出 49 commu

48、nicate with sb 和某人交流50 consider + doing 考慮做什么 51 dance to 隨著跳舞 52 decide to do sth 決定做某事53 do a survey of 做某方面的調查54 do better in 在方面做得更好55 do wrong 做錯 56 mind +doing /從句 /名詞 介意57 end up +doing 58 enjoy +doing 喜歡59 escape from 從逃跑 60 expect to do sth 期待做某事61 fall down 摔下來 62 fall off 從哪摔下來63 fall in

49、love with sb /sth 愛上什么64 far from 離某地遠65 finish 完成+doing名詞66 fit to sb = be fit for sb 合適某人67 forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 68 get /have sth down 做完，被別人做 8.解題技巧一般說來講解以下三種解題技法：1詞語搭配a. 因搭配關系而產生的一般性詞匯。如：see a filmb. 詞序和意義皆以固定的復合詞和動詞短語。如：take off有“脫下衣服，飛機起飛c. 因詞組而構成的常見的句式：It feels+形容詞+不定式，在搭配判

50、斷時，注意：要區別外形相近而意義不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等。要區別形不相似而意義相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three men to lift the box.句中都有“付出、花費、需要的意思。譯成漢語時似乎相通。但更要注意它們之間的搭配變化；要注意單個詞組的多義性。如：take off有“脫下衣服，飛機起飛，匆匆分開，取下，休假等多種含意。2語法斷定1要注意出現頻率較高的詞類題

51、，依次為動詞、介詞、代詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞。選擇各類詞時，要注意以下幾個方面：a. 名詞的選擇，應聯絡文章主題及空格前后出現的有關詞，注意其性和數的一致。b. 動詞的選用，要注意詞義和慣用搭配，還要區分近義詞之間的用法差異及所給詞的形式。c. 選擇介詞，應注意其慣用法，特別是與動詞或其他詞組成的固定搭配。d. 選擇代詞，要注意性、數、格是否準確。e. 選擇連詞，要注意分析前后句或上下文的邏輯關系。f. 選擇形容詞和副詞，要注意詞義的區別，用于比較時，還要注意詞形變化。2要注意句法題，搞清句子的種類、類型、省略和倒裝a. 句子的種類包括陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感慨句。一般以考察疑問句、感慨句的詞序為多見，其次是祈使句的零時態等。b.句子的類型有簡單句、并列句、復合句和并列復合句。中考考察要點是在復合句里的狀語從句、賓語從句和直接/間接引語，也考察簡單的定語從句。c. 句子的省略與倒裝很少考察，卻要看懂，不能引起對文章的曲解。3在語法適用方面，可以用擇優法和排除法a. 擇優法是把各選項代入短文中，選出在詞義上符合要求，且在語法上又沒有語病的答案。b. 排除法是在代入選項時如發現選項單詞意義不對，或詞與詞搭配不妥，或存在語法錯誤，或與上下文有矛盾，那么迅速排除不適宜的