1、姓名：謝志勇導師：黃鶯專業：植物營養學授課老師：程劍平優秀英文文獻的寫作特點優秀英文文獻的寫作特點1英文摘要的構成2英文摘要的語言特點2 精煉性1正規性3具體性4 完整性1 研究目的（PURPOSES）2 研究方法 （METHODS）3 結果 （RESULTS）4 結論（CONCLUSIONS）正規性EXAMPLE Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of the combined use of cake organic fertilizer and tobacco special fertilizer on the gr

2、owth and development as well as the quality of tobacco leaves. Method Different ratios of cake organic fertilizer and tobacco special fertilizer were applied. Then, the agronomic traits and leaf quality determining factors were measured and analyzed at different growing stages. Result Compared with

3、the control, the tobacco plant height was increased by 3.01%-5.84%, while the number of valid leaves was increased by 5.56%20.39% in all the treatments with combined use of fertilizers. The ratio of sugar to nicotine of leaf was closer to 101, and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine of leaf was closer

4、 to 10.1. In addition, the combined use of 750 kg/hmsup 2 tobacco special base fertilizer and 292 kg/hmsup 2 cake organic fertilizer had a better effect for improving the agronomic traits and flavor qualities than all the other treatments. Conclusion This study will provide reference for developing

5、special full-aroma tobacco leaf product and new tobacco special fertilizers in Hunan.精煉性EI中國信息部要求信息性文摘（information abstract）應該用簡潔、明確的語言（通常不超過150個詞），主要闡述清楚以下問題即可：1 What you did？2 Why you did it？3 How you did it？4 What you found it？5 What it means？具體性1 摘要的每個概念、論點都要具體鮮明，一般不籠統的寫論文“與什么有關”，而直接寫論文“說明什么”。2

6、在用詞方面要求準確，多用一些源自法語和拉丁語且使用范圍較窄的“大詞”“長詞”，盡量避免使用含混不清一詞多意的詞。具體性Through field experiment, special biological fertilizer and cake fertilizer were applied collectively to tobacco, and chemical compositions of Wanxi flue-cured tobacco leaves were researched. The results showed that the increase of biologica

7、l organic fertilizer would significantly improve soil nutrient supplying capacity. Compared with conventional fertilization, the contents of reducing sugar,. nicotine and chlorine in tobacco were lowered, improving tobacco quality. MethodsMaterialsResultsInnovation完整性英文摘要完整性的要求就是，摘要中必須要交代清楚論文的寫作目的，解

8、決問題的方式、方法和過程，獲得的主要結果，得出的結論以及該文的創新性和獨特性。In order to understand barley transcriptome under the normal and the stressed conditions, we have designed 60-nucleotide oligomers from 3 end sequences from the .such as co-expressed genes in root with salt (NaCl), dehydration, and ABA stresses (such as ABA-ind

9、ucible protein PHV A1 and ACC oxidase), indicating there are common responsive pathway to these diverse stimuli. While we found known annotation in the stress responsive genes, many other genes had no known functions in barley, rice, and Arabidopsis.This work is supported by the grant from the Minis

10、try of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan (MAFF: TRC1008). EXAMPLE時態1 一般現在時2 一般過去時3 現在完成時語態常用句式語言特點1主動語態2被動語態時態一般現在時：描述沒有時間性的客觀事實例：1 This paper aims to investigate the effects of the combined use of cake organic fertilizer and tobacco special fertilizer on the growth and development as well

11、as the quality of tobacco leaves. 2 In order to explore the fertilizing ways and dynamic changes of soil carbon and nitrogen in the main producing areas of tobacco in Guizhou.一般過去時：表示論文前已經做過的工作例如：1 Microarray experiments indicated that about 1/8 of the genes tested were drastically influenced under

12、either of the 42 stress conditions. 2 Wild emmer wheat, T. dicoccoides, the progenitor of most tetraploid and hexaploid cultivated wheats.現在完成時：表示某項研究或狀態已經完成或還在持續進行例：1 has proven to be a valuable source of disease resistance for wheat improvement. 2 Studies on the wild Triticeae species indigenous t

13、o Japan have revealed some biological phenomena3 The inheritance of domesticated and taxonomically important characters has been studied in present work. 語態：一般用第三人稱被動語態顯得行文客觀真實，用主動語態突出作者的貢獻，多用于結尾處。例：The genealogical and geographic structure of variation in morphological traits was analysed for Ae. t

14、auschii using a diverse array of 203 sample accessions that represented the entire species range. Our previous studies reported that significant longitudinal and latitudinal clines were detected for spikelet size, .Totally 12 traits including anther- and pistil-shape and internode length were used i

15、n this study. Large natural variation was found for the all examined traits in the Ae. tauschii accessions. Geographically, significant latitudinal clines were detected for anther size,. Based on these results, we discuss the patterns of intraspecific divergence and morphological diversification in

16、the course of Ae. tauschiis long dispersal from Transcaucasus to China.開頭常用句式：1 This paper gives a brief introduction to.2This article describes a detailed study.3This paper discusses.4In this paper are presented the results.5 In order to.6A new method is described for.Wheat is the most important food crop in the world.Gene bankers have a greater responsibility for material than .Revolver is a new multi-gene family dispersed like .The tribe Triticeae is a group of taxa of Poaceae,The genus Hordeum cont