1、Past participles used as object complement(過去分詞做賓語補足語過去分詞做賓語補足語)Grammar概述概述英語中有些動詞，除了有一個英語中有些動詞，除了有一個直接賓語外，還要有一個賓語直接賓語外，還要有一個賓語補足語，句子才完整。過去分補足語，句子才完整。過去分詞作賓補表示該動詞與賓語之詞作賓補表示該動詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，它間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，它對賓補作進一步的補充說明。對賓補作進一步的補充說明。We think him clever.What he said made me angry.They consider the answ

2、er correct.Everyone calls him Tom.賓語賓語 賓補賓補帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞某些及物動詞 +直接賓語直接賓語 + 賓語補足語賓語補足語 His father named him Daming. They painted their house white. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 4. Nobody noticed him enter the room. 5. We saw her entering the room. ( (名詞名詞) )( (動

3、詞不定式動詞不定式) )( (現在分詞或其短語現在分詞或其短語) )( (形容詞形容詞) )( (省略省略toto的動詞不定式的動詞不定式) )哪些可以做賓補？哪些可以做賓補？5. We must get the work finished by 10 oclock. 6. We take English as a useful tool for research work.7. Whenever you may go, you will find him at work. 8. Let the fresh air in.9. The plant has its own name. You c

4、annot call it what you will. ( (過去分詞過去分詞) )( (用用as引出引出) )( (介詞短語介詞短語) )(副詞副詞)( (從句從句) )作賓語補足語的過去分詞與賓語之間的關系作賓語補足語的過去分詞與賓語之間的關系 1. 及物動詞及物動詞(短語短語)的過去分詞用作賓語的過去分詞用作賓語補足語時補足語時, 賓語即是過去分詞的邏輯賓賓語即是過去分詞的邏輯賓語語, 賓語和過去分詞之間存在邏輯上的賓語和過去分詞之間存在邏輯上的被動關系。被動關系。 I want the letter posted. 我想把這封信寄出去。我想把這封信寄出去。2. 少數不及物動詞如少數不

5、及物動詞如 go, change, fall 等的等的 過去分詞作賓語補足語時過去分詞作賓語補足語時, 僅表示動作完成。僅表示動作完成。 因此因此, 賓語與過去分詞之間不存在邏輯上賓語與過去分詞之間不存在邏輯上 的被動關系。的被動關系。She found her ring gone on her way home. 在回家的路上在回家的路上, 她發現項鏈不見了。她發現項鏈不見了。3. 動詞動詞 seat, hide, dress 等的過去分詞作賓等的過去分詞作賓語補足語一般表示狀語而不表示被動的意義語補足語一般表示狀語而不表示被動的意義, 因此因此, 雖然賓語與它們存在邏輯上的主動關系雖然賓語

6、與它們存在邏輯上的主動關系, 但也只能用它們的過去分詞作賓語補足語。但也只能用它們的過去分詞作賓語補足語。如如: When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.我進來時我進來時, 發現一個陌生的女孩坐在角落里。發現一個陌生的女孩坐在角落里。過去分詞作過去分詞作賓語補足語賓語補足語三種情況三種情況 使役動詞使役動詞get, have, make, keep, leave 等后等后, 可用過去分詞做賓語補足語可用過去分詞做賓語補足語, 表：表： “致使某人或某事被致使某人或某事被”We should keep them in

7、formed of what is going on here.Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentists.I had my hair _yesterday. cut The house is broken. Please get the house _ (mend) now.mendedI saw they _ in the rain. caught Xiao Xin found all his money _(steal) on his way home.stolenunfinishedMy mother never allow me

8、 to play computer games with my homework _.（finish）I had my recorder repaired. (I asked somebody else to repair it.)I had the room cleaned.(I organized it.)He had his foot injured.(something bad happened.) Had+賓語賓語+過去分詞作賓補的用法過去分詞作賓補的用法 “使役動詞使役動詞 have + have + 賓語過去分詞賓語過去分詞”的幾種含義的幾種含義Note1 1. 意為意為“主語請

9、別人做某事主語請別人做某事”。例如：。例如： He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 2. 意為意為“主語遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測的事情主語遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測的事情”。 Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt. 3. 意為意為“使完成某事使完成某事”，事情既可以是別人做完，也可以，事情既可以是別人做完，也可以由主語參與完成由主語參與完成 He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墻漆了。（主語自己可能參與）他今早把墻漆了。（主語自己可能參與）He

10、had his hair cut.He had his clothes washed.He had his room cleaned.He had his walls painted.He had his bike repaired.hairclothesroomwallscarHe got his leg injured.He got his glasses broken.He got his camera damaged.He got his wallet stolen.2. 感官動詞感官動詞feel, find, hear, notice, see,watch 等表示感覺和心理狀態的動詞

11、之后等表示感覺和心理狀態的動詞之后, 表表: “感受到某人或某事被做感受到某人或某事被做”。I was sleeping when I heard my name called. He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.Note 2 I saw him get off the bus.I saw him knocked down by a car.I saw him lying on the road just now.(to) do: 整個過程整個過程-ed:被動被動-ing:主動主動現在分詞、過去分詞與不定式作補語的區

12、別現在分詞、過去分詞與不定式作補語的區別She found Toms hair cut.She found his room cleaned.She found his bike repaired.She found his clothes washed.She found the walls painted.hairclothesroomwallscarI saw him _.scoldscolded by his motherI saw _.bitehim bitten by a dogI saw _.robher robbed by a manFill in the blanks.I h

13、eard someone _me. I heard my name _. I found Tom _ the window.I found the window _.callingcalledbreakbrokenI had my watch repaired.I had my room cleaned.I had my foot injured.She found his hair cut.She found his clothes washed. She found his room cleaned. have sth./sb. done find sth./sb doneHe got h

14、is leg injured.He got his camera damaged.He got his glasses broken. get sth./sb doneI saw him beaten by his mother.I saw him bitten by a dog.I saw him robbed by a man. see sth./sb. doneI made him punished. make sth./sb. doneI watched him killed. watch sth./sb done3. 表示表示“意欲意欲; 命令命令”的動詞如的動詞如: like, o

15、rder, want,wish, 相當于過去分詞短語前省略了相當于過去分詞短語前省略了to be, 表示表示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被做要求某人或某事被做”。I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible.He didnt want such question discussed at the meeting.The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 2. 看看 watch, notice, see, look at, observe catch 聽聽 hear, listen

16、 to 感感 feel 聞聞 smell 發現發現 find3. 情感情感 want, wish, like1. 使役使役 keep, leave, get, have, makesth./sb. done1) Being poor at English, Im afraid I cant make myself _.A. understand B. to understand C. understandingD. understood D 2) I have had my bike _, and Im going to have somebody _ my radio tomorrow. A

17、. repair; to repair B. repairing; to be repaired C. repaired; repair D. to repair; repairing C3) You must get the work _ before Friday. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done D 4) _ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder _ . A. Entering; stealing B. Entering; stolen C. To have entered; being stolen D.

18、 Having entered; to be stolen B 5) We are pleased to see the problem _ so quickly. A. settled B. having been settled C. be settled D. settling settle 解決解決A 4. 有時過去分詞作賓補可以變為被動有時過去分詞作賓補可以變為被動語態語態, 這時過去分詞改這時過去分詞改作主語補足語作主語補足語, 說明主語所處的狀態。說明主語所處的狀態。The door was found broken.Her bag was found stolen when s

19、he woke up.5.“with 賓語過去分詞賓語過去分詞”結構中結構中, 過去分詞過去分詞用作介詞用作介詞 with 的賓語補足語。這一結構通常的賓語補足語。這一結構通常在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. (表方式表方式)With water heated, we can see the steam. (表條件表條件) With the matter settled, we all went home.(表原因表原因

20、) 注意：注意：在這一結構中在這一結構中, 當賓語為某一身體部位當賓語為某一身體部位, 且作且作賓補的動詞是及物動詞時賓補的動詞是及物動詞時, 身體部位通常是身體部位通常是過去分詞的邏輯賓語過去分詞的邏輯賓語, 因而過去分詞不可換用因而過去分詞不可換用現在分詞現在分詞。 She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前她站在他面前, 眼睛注視著他。眼睛注視著他。 (fix ones eyes on 為固定短語為固定短語)He stood for an instant with his hand still ra

21、ised. 他仍然舉著手站了一會兒。他仍然舉著手站了一會兒。當用某些不及物動詞的分詞形式作身體部位當用某些不及物動詞的分詞形式作身體部位的賓補時的賓補時, 用現在分詞的形式。用現在分詞的形式。 She felt her heart beating fast. 她覺得心跳很快。她覺得心跳很快。 (beat 意為意為“心跳心跳”, 是不及物動詞是不及物動詞)省略省略to的情況：的情況：1) 情態動詞情態動詞 (除除ought 外外, ought to);2) 使役動詞使役動詞 let, have, make;3) 感官動詞感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, obse

22、rve, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補等后作賓補, 省略省略to。注意注意: 在被動語態中則在被動語態中則to不能省掉。不能省掉。I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night. Note 3 Exercise:2. Mrs. Brown was much disappointedto see the washing machine she had had

23、_ went wrong again.A. it B. it repairedC. repaired D. to be repairedC 3. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newlyelected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled4. With trees, flowers and grass _ everywhere, my native town had taken a new look. A. pl

24、anting B. planted C. to plant D. to be plantedA B 5. She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A.take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking6. The result of the entrance exams was not made _ to the public until last Thursday. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be knownC B 7. I can make you _ what I

25、 say, butyou cant make yourself _ in English.A. understand; understandB. understand, understoodC. to understand, understandD. understand; to be understoodB 8. He found them _ at a table_A. sat; to play chessB. sitting; to play chessC. seated; playing chessD. seat; play the chess9. John rushed out in a hurry, _the door _.A. leaving; u