1、在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句主語從句 表語從句 賓語從句 同位語從句 連接代詞連接代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever連接副詞連接副詞 how, why, when, where however, wherever連接詞連接詞that, whether, if, becauseas if /as though（不充當從句的任何成分） 引導名詞性從句的關聯詞引導名詞性從句的關聯詞在名詞性從句中一律用陳述句的語序，即使從句表達的是疑問含義。 The problem is what he has done to the litt

2、le boy. 問題是他對那個小男孩做了些什么。 1. 主語從句在句中作主語的句子叫主語從句。 主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether 和連接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where, why等詞引導。that在從句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當成分。 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown. Where

3、 the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. 單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復數形式。 Where and when he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把

4、主語從句置于句末。主句的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下：1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句4）It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。注意:在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary Its important, Its naturalstrang

5、e, etc.) that 2. 賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。 引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1.)由連接詞that引導的賓語從句由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, reque

6、st, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用 “should+ 動詞原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講, insist作“堅持說、堅持認為”講，則其后的賓語從句中應該用陳述語氣。 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. I want to

7、 know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3)用whether或if引導的賓語句whether和if均可引導動詞后的賓語從句，常可互換。但從句中有or not時或介詞后的賓語從句中只能用whether連接。其它名詞性從句，如：主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I dont ca

8、re about whether you have money or not. 介詞后的賓語從句一般不用which和if引導，要用whether和what。that也很少引導介詞賓語從句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。 4)賓語從句中的時態呼應 賓語從句的謂語動詞時態受主句謂語動詞的影響，如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時從句中的謂語動詞可以用各種時態； I know that he studies English every day. I know (that) he will study English next year. We all know that he h

9、as studied English since 1998. I know that he studied English last term. 如果主句中的謂語動詞用了一般過去時，則從句中的語動只能用過去時的某種形式，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等； We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現象，則從句仍用現在時態。 The teacher told us t

10、hat the sun rises in the east.5)當主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉移到主句中成為否定的轉移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. doubt用于肯定結構時，后面用whether/ if 引導名詞性從句；用于否定結構或疑問結構時，后面用 that 引導名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時，后接 that 引

11、導的名詞性從句；用于否定句時，后接whether/if 引導的名詞性從句。 連接代詞whoever，whatever，whichever可引導名詞性從句，相當于anyone who, anything that等。它們也可以引導讓步狀語從句，相當于 no matter who/ what/ which。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 3. 表語從句在句中作表語的句子叫表語從句。 引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if, because 引導。其基本結構為： 主語 + 系動詞 + tha

12、t從句 The fact is that we have lost the game. Thats just what I want. This is where our problem lies. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. This is because he missed the train by one minute.需要注意的是，當主語是reason 時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。 The reason why he was late w

13、as that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 4. 同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。 同位語從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名詞后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope,thought, belief 等，用來說明名詞所表示的具體內容， 引導同位語從句的連接詞通常有that, whether和連接副詞when, where, why, how；連接代詞who，what，whose，which通常不引導同位語從句。 I have no idea when she will be

14、 back. 同位語從句和定語從句的區別： that作為關系代詞，可以引導定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。 I had no idea that you were here.Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引導同位語從句,不能省略）(that引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）1. The photographs will show you _（MET1989） A.wha

15、t does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 2.考查引導詞that與what的區別高考題例示： 1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. (NMET1996)A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what2. No one can be sure _ in a million years. (MET1991)A.what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 3.考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法高考題例示： 1. _ is a fact that Engli