1、I. Reading Comprehension Passage OneIf leadership, basically speaking, consists of getting things done through others, then persuasion is one of the leaders essential tools. Many executives have assumed that this tool is beyond their grasp, available only to the charismatic (有魅力的) and the eloquent.

2、Over the past several decades, though, experimental psychologists have learned which methods reliably lead people to compromise, dissent, or change. Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught and applied.The first principle is that people are more likel

3、y to follow someone who is similar to them than someone who is not. Wise managers, then, enlist peers to help make their cases. Second, people are more willing to cooperate with those who are like them as well as those who like them. So its worth the time to uncover real similarities and offer genui

4、ne praise.Third, experiments confirm the intuitive truth that people tend to treat you the way you treat them. Its sound policy to do a favor before seeking one. Fourth, individuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily and explicitly. The message for managers here is to get commitm

5、ents in writing. Fifth, studies show that people really do have respect for experts. So before they attempt to exert influence, executives should take pains to establish their own expertise and not assume that its self-evident. Finally, people want more of a commodity when its scarce; it follows, th

6、en, that exclusive information is more persuasive than widely available data.1. Many executives think that _. A) they dont have to acquire the skills of persuasion B) they have mastered the skills of persuasion C) it is impossible for them to handle persuasion D) persuasion is of no use2. The psycho

7、logists research shows that _. A) persuasion is beyond average peoples grasp B) persuasion can be learned C) people tend to ignore the importance of persuasion D) people are born with the ability to persuade3. According to the passage, people are less willing to work together with _. A) those who ar

8、e different from them B) their relatives and friends C) those who like them D) their classmates and teachers4. The author warns the manager _. A) to have any promise made by others written down B) not to break their promisesC) to make promises explicitly and willingly D) to help people keep their pr

9、omises5. The executives can strengthen their position _.A) even if they dont have any expertiseB) if they know something unknown to their subordinatesC) if they have more commoditiesD) even if they dont know how to persuadePassage TwoTrade secretes cover everything that patents cover, and much more.

10、 A trade secret is knowledge, which may include business knowledge or technical knowledge, that is kept secret for the purpose of gaining an advantage in business over ones competitors. Customer lists, sources of supply of scarce material, or sources of supply with faster delivery or lower prices ma

11、y be trade secrets. Certainly, secret processes, formulas, techniques, manufacturing know-how, advertising schemes, marketing programs, and business plans are all protectable.There is no standard of invention to meet as there is with a patent. If the idea is new in this context, if it is secret with

12、 respect to this particular industry or product, then it can be protected as a trade secret. Unlike patents, trademarks, and copyrights, there is no formal procedure for obtaining trade secret protection. Protection is established by the nature of the secret and the effort to keep it secret.A trade

13、secret is protected eternally against disclosure by all those who have received it in confidence and all who would obtain it by theft for as long as the knowledge or information is kept secret. In contrast to patent protection, there are no statutory (法定的) requirements for novelty or restrictions on

14、 the subject matter.The disadvantage of trade secrets compared with patents is that there is no protection against discovery by fair means, such as accidental disclosure and independent inventions. Many important inventions, such as the laser and the airplane, were developed more or less simultaneou

15、sly by different persons. Trade secret protection would not permit the first inventor to prevent the second and subsequent inventors from exploiting the invention as a patent would.6. Compared with patents, trade secrets _. A) are easier to protectB) should meet certain standard of inventionC) need

16、statutory supportD) cover a larger scope7. _ is a trade secret. A) M in McDonaldB) An employment contractC) A Manual of VolkswagonD) Formula8. The protection of _ becomes effective without any formal procedure. A) trade secretsB) patentsC) copyrightsD) trademarks9. A trade secret doesnt have to be s

17、omething _. A) novelB) uniqueC) complicatedD) useful10. Unlike patents, _. A) trade secrets can be obtained by others illegallyII. Vocabulary and Structure 11. Even now, World Health Organization (WHO) specialists are not completely sure that the coronavirus (冠狀病毒), which they have identified in pat

18、ients, is the sole cause, and there are many _ features about the method of transmission. A) intriguingB) shinyC) puzzlingD) aggressive12. In the summer Jim and I have breakfast out on the _. A) avenueB) cabinC) openD) patio13. The troops were in a(n) _ position, completely exposed to attack from th

19、e air. A) remarkableB) graveC) vulnerableD) indispensable14. He came back to the tent very late and _ in as silently as he could. A) creptB) skiedC) flutteredD) wandered15. All the paths across the park _ at the main gate. A) convergeB) transformC) departD) diverge16. It is surprising such a crimina

20、l should _ a great scholar. A) pass forB) regard asC) single outD) boast as17. This nation has defeated tyrants, _ death camps and raised this lamp of liberty to every captive land. A) overseenB) enforcedC) liberatedD) unsung18. Be _. Our country is strong. And our cause is even larger than our coun

21、try. Ours is the cause of human dignity: freedom guided by conscience, and guarded by peace. A) diligentB) preparedC) capableD) confident19. That story has too many gaps in it to _. A) make senseB) make itC) make likeD) make over20. The Bush administration says the tax cuts will give the U.S. econom

22、y and the world economy a badly needed boost and the faster growth will help lower U.S. _ deficits in the coming years. A) tariffB) statisticsC) budgetD) existence21. The development and research of TMD (Threat Missile Defence System) does not _ the trend of the times. A) result inB) go withC) stand

23、 upD) head for22. Insurance companies blame rising medical bills for high _ costs. A) policyB) painfulC) householdD) guarantee23. Adherence to the principle of one China is the basis and _ for peaceful reunification. A) premiseB) settlementC) commitmentD) arrangement24. J.P Morgan Canada said the sp

24、read of the SARS virus could slash up to 1.5 _ points off April-June growth in Canada. A) percentageB) undergrowthC) commitmentD) recovery25. Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed. “Nothing _,” she repl

25、ied. A) as a resultB) in particularC) on balanceD) at that point26. Youve got something in your eye try _ your eyes a few times. A) orbitingB) blinkingC) sprayingD) diverging27. His persistent moaning about his personal problems has been really _ me lately. A) buggingB) enforcingC) transforming D) c

26、ompelling28. The factory workers all star working at 8:00 a.m. and _ at 3:00 p.m. A) head forB) take offC) close inD) knock off29. The U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill this month making online gambling a federal crime. Critics of the industry say the crackdown is _. A) on a small scaleB)

27、at riskC) on the latchD) long overdue30. The parents said they would on no account _ in their only child the smallest degree of arrogance. A) authorizeB) convergeC) recommendD) adoptIII. Cloze (10%)The expression “lame duck”, can be heard in almost any American town or city, especially where people

28、discuss politics. Most often, they use it to _31_ a politician who has come to the end of his power a Congressman, for example, who has a few more weeks in office and will _32_ be out of a job.There are a number of ideas _33_ where “lame duck” came from, _34_ the picture is clear enough a duck that

29、has its wings clipped, or its web-feet injured, and can _35_ walk or waddle like a healthy one.The term seems to have crept into the American language some time after the _36_ war of 1861-1865. One explanation is that it came from the language of hunters who felt that it was foolish to _37_ powder o

30、r time on a dead duck. And a lame duck even a sitting duck is close to _38_ a dead duck. Another explanation, however, says that the expression came _39_ England. There it was used to describe a man who lost all his _40_ in stocks, was cleaned out and could not pay his debts. He could no nothing _41

31、_ waddle off like a lame duck. And so the story goes people showed _42_ mercy for the poor fellow.But in the United States people took the phrase to describe a congressman who _43_ to get reelected but still had a little time left in office until his successor was sworn in.In time, the expression wa

32、s used in a broader _44_, generally describing any man _45_ days of power were coming to an end. It has often been used to describe the position of an American president in the last two years or so of his second _46_. It is a difficult time for him, when Congress is ready to _47_ him at every turn.I

33、t may refuse to work with him simply because his days in the White House are numbered. _48_ sun is setting. It is not a happy time. It is like old age coming on. And people, like animals, are cruel to lame ducks, ready to _49_ them out. Their eyes are already turned toward the new leader, the new ma

34、n in _50_.31. A) promoteB) judgeC) rewardD) describe32. A) thenB) alsoC) thusD) already33. A) on toB) aboveC) toD) as to34. A) forB) sinceC) althoughD) once35. A) usuallyB) no longerC) of courseD) still36. A) nationalB) wordC) civilD) country37. A) saveB) wasteC) utilizeD) consume38. A) beB) pretend

35、ingC) beingD) taming39. A) toB) out ofC) acrossD) from40. A) moneyB) salaryC) treasureD) property41. A) elseB) andC) butD) except42. A) muchB) littleC) theirD) some43. A) usedB) failedC) attemptedD) was asked44. A) senseB) zonesC) rangeD) respect45. A) whenB) of whichC) of howD) whose46. A) termB) t

36、imeC) substituteD) stage47. A) identifyB) lodgeC) preferD) oppose48. A) His B) TheirC) ItsD) The49. A) holdB) hintC) driveD) find50. A) useB) commandC) prejudiceD) preferenceI.Reading Comprehension1-10 CBAAB DDAAAII. Vocabulary and Structure11-30CDCAA ACDAC BAAAB BADDAIII. Cloze31-50DADCB CBCDA CBBA

37、D ADACB See the WorldIt is quite vital for university students to see the society. Having stayed in the ivory tower for over ten years to learn a lot of theoretical knowledge from textbooks, the students still feel bewildered as soon as they step out of the campus.It is time they got to know the wor

38、ld outside the campus right now. fortunately, the society has offered them various opportunities to practice what they have learned in school. They can learn to cooperate with others and to contribute their knowledge to the society. One of my friends once managed to find a part-time job of tutoring

39、a girl of 8.Through this experience, he has learned how to deal with people and how to dedicate his love to people who are in need of it. Consequently, he can always be ready when confronted with a chance to know the world for he has really benefited a lot from it.ExaminationMany arguments exist abo

40、ut the advantages and disadvantages of an exam. Some students complain that their teachers have given them too many exams and they have little spare time whereas teachers hold it true that some of their students do not work hard only because they do not have frequent examinations.The examinations ca

41、n show what and how much a student has mastered. It is fairly evident that a teacher prefers to give his students a test after he has finished teaching a unit. On the part of a teacher, he can find how well his students have grasped in the unit learning. On the part of the students, they can learn w

42、hat aspects they fail to master and should pay more attention to later.Therefore, examinations, if given at reasonable intervals, can benefit both the teachers and the students. From examinations, teachers can figure out what points they have missed in teaching and must work hard to improve and the

43、students can also focus their concentration on their weakness.Childrens BooksDifferent books are designed for different people. Picture books are usually for babies and children. Love stories and novels are written mainly for young people. Books with such purposes as health and medical care are welcome to old people.Children are not supposed to read all kind of books. Owing to a rather limited experience of the world, they are not old enough to tell good from bad or right f