1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上詞法翻譯篇第一章 漢英詞匯比較與翻譯第一節(jié) 翻譯中的選義一1. 他昨天擦破了皮，現(xiàn)在到醫(yī)院換藥去了。He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressing in the hospital.2. 佃農(nóng)家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母親聰明能干，卻也舒服。The life of a tenant farmers family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever an

2、d able woman.3. 豪華家具帶給您典雅的歐陸風(fēng)情。You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture4. 我那新郎官哪！那個(gè)死東西！他就是死也不肯僅洞房。My betrothed! Damn him, he simply refused to come into the bridal chamber!二、量詞搭配1. 一窩蜜蜂 a swarm of bees 一窩小雞 a brood of chickens 一窩幼犬 a litter of pups2. 一群美女 a bevy of beaut

3、iful ladies 一群獵狗 a pack of hounds一群鴨 a team of ducks 一群羚羊 a herd of antelopes3. 積極支持 unfailing support 積極的財(cái)政政策 proactive fiscal policy積極利用國外資源 make effective use of overseas resources4. 打電話 make a phone call 打的 take a taxi 打毛衣 knit a woolen sweater打水 fetch water 打農(nóng)藥 spray insecticide5. 基本工資 basic wa

4、ge 基本建設(shè) capital construction 基本物質(zhì) essential commodity基本工業(yè) primary industry 基本利益 fundamental interest三、翻譯句子（“意見”與“事”）1. 兩位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)就雙邊關(guān)系及共同關(guān)心的問題交換了意見。 The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.2. 黨員應(yīng)該虛心傾聽群眾的意見。 Party members should listen carefully to the opinions o

5、f the general public.3. 他們對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃提出了修改的意見。 They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. 大家對(duì)這一做法很有意見。 Everyone complained against such a practice.5. 他們?cè)跁?huì)上鬧起了意見。 They had a dispute at the meeting.6. 你應(yīng)該聽從醫(yī)生的意見。 You should follow the doctors advice.7. 他們就此問題取得了一致的意見。 They reached a conse

6、nsus on this issue.8. 還有些未完成的事要處理。 There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. 我們就這件事請(qǐng)教過他。 We have consulted him about the matter.10. 請(qǐng)回去吧，這里沒你的事了。 Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now.第二節(jié) 翻譯中的選詞那要看情況如何。 That depends upon circumstances.這種情況必須改變。 This state of affairs must be

7、 changed.他們的情況怎么樣？ How do matters stand with them?嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練，嚴(yán)格要求。 Go in for rigorous training and set strict demand.開船 set sail 開盤 open quotation 開工 go into operation1. 連續(xù)下了三天大雨。 It rained cats and dogs three days on end/ in succession.2. 他愛說大話。 He like talking big/large/horse/tall. He likes saying big w

8、ords.3. 他們?cè)诮o教師大掃除。 They are giving the classroom a good (general/spring/thorough) clean.4. 他這樣的人大有人在。 A person like him is by no means/ in no way/ on no account rare.5. 根據(jù)你的建議，我們應(yīng)該辦大廠了。 We should go in for industry in a big way in accordance with your suggestion.6. 如果你那樣干，你大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了。 If you do it like t

9、hat, youll be completely mistaken/ be absolutely wrong/ make a big mistake/ make a major blunder/ commit a very gross error.第三節(jié) 翻譯中的多樣性1. 你兩個(gè)已是情投意合，竟把你許了他，豈不好？IT sounds as if the two of you are always of one mind. How would it be if we wee to betroth you to him.2. 一面說，一面咬牙切齒的，又說道 Through clenched te

10、eth he added.3. 他倒不怨我，他臨死咬牙切齒，倒恨寶玉呢。She bore me grudge. It was Baoyu who made her grind her teeth with rage just before she died4. 鳳姐忙收了怯色，反喝道：“死了罷了，有什么大驚小姑的！” But after her initial fright Xifeng put on a bold face. “If shes dead,” she retorted, “Whats all the fuss about?”成語翻譯1. 我說你“得隴望蜀”呢。 The more

11、 you get, the more you want.2. 得隴望蜀，人之常情。 Its only natural for man to hanker for more.3. 他們兩個(gè)鬼鬼祟祟的，不知道在說些什么。 Goodness knows what theyre being so secretive about.4. 這兩天她經(jīng)常往這里跑，鬼鬼祟祟的，不知干些什么事。 Shes been creeping in here the last couple of days in a very sneaky way. Goodness knows what shes up to.5. 誰告訴

12、你們了？你們這樣大驚小怪的。 Who told you to make such a fuss over nothing?6. 還是隨便一點(diǎn)吧，不必大驚小怪的。 Anything will do; dont fuss.7. 奶奶病著呢，別大驚小怪的 Our grandma is ill; dont kick up such a shindy.8. 大家聽了，說：“我當(dāng)是誰呢，這樣大驚小怪的。沒必要吧。” When others heard this they commented, “We thought it was someone who mattered, but this isnt wo

13、rth making such a fuss about.”第二章 詞法翻譯得到一般技巧第一節(jié) 對(duì)等譯法一、翻譯句子1. 只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機(jī)，希望繼續(xù)交往時(shí)，才會(huì)主動(dòng)掏出名片。 Only when they find much in common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards.2. 再例如，作為一個(gè)中國人，經(jīng)書不可不讀。我年過三十才知道讀書自修的重要。 Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chines

14、e. Nevertheless, it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics.3. 寄語年輕朋友，千萬要持之以恒地從事運(yùn)動(dòng)，這不是嬉戲，不是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。健康的身體是做人做事的真正本錢。 Dear young friends, my advice to you：Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or tim

15、e-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career.二、翻譯成語渾水摸魚 fish in troubled waters 稱心如意be after ones own heart皮包骨頭 skin and bones 一觸即發(fā) touch and go一語道破 hit the nail on the head 出人頭地 be head and shoulders above others充耳不聞 turn a deaf ear to 破釜沉舟 burn ones boat視而不見 turn a bl

16、ind eye to 大海撈針 look for a needle in a bundle of hay三、翻譯諺語熟能生巧 Practice makes perfect. 欲速則不達(dá) More haste, less speed.出門一里，不如家里。East or west, home is best.拉入籃里就是菜。All is fish that comes to the net.皇天不負(fù)有心人。Everything comes to him who waits.小巫見大巫。The moon is not seen when the sun shines三思而后行。Look before

17、 you leap.無風(fēng)不起浪。There is no smoke without fire.第二節(jié) 增詞譯法一、注意增補(bǔ)代詞請(qǐng)把練習(xí)本交上來。 Hand in your exercise-book, please. 我不能用英語表達(dá)思想。I cant express myself in English.自由主義觀有各種表現(xiàn)。 Liberalism manifests itself in various ways.不要過分勞累。 Dont overwork yourself.我想借此機(jī)會(huì)向你們表達(dá)我們的感謝。I wish to avail myself of this opportunity

18、to express our gratitude to you.二、注意增補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞他們意氣風(fēng)發(fā)。They are in high spirits.他們喜形于色。They beamed with joy.他眼明手快。He is quick of eye and deft of hand.這篇文章淺顯易懂。 This article is easy to read and understand.我對(duì)他敬而遠(yuǎn)之。 I stood aloof from him.三、從文化角度增補(bǔ)詞語憑你有李、杜的文，顏、曾的行，卻是也沒一個(gè)人來問你。You might have the genius of Li Bai

19、 or Du Fu, who was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, and the moral worth of Yan Hui or Zeng Shen both of them were disciples of Confucius, no one would ask your advice.班門弄斧 to show off ones proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter濟(jì)公劫富濟(jì)貧 Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich

20、and helped the poor百花齊放 let a hundred flowers bloom, permit the airing of conflicting views黑孩子 black children, who are born in violation of Chinas one-child policy第三節(jié) 減詞譯法一、注意省略原文的范疇詞改革開放扭轉(zhuǎn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯不前的局面。Reform and opening-up reversed the stagnation of national economy.討論的范圍涉及中美關(guān)系。The discussion covered

21、 Sino-US relations.1969年夏天，政府公開主張緩和同中國的緊張關(guān)系。In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.會(huì)議上，雙方集中討論了保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的問題。During the talk, their discussion centered around the protection of intellectual properties rights.今年上半年進(jìn)出口計(jì)劃的執(zhí)行情況，也是很好的。Our import-export in the

22、 first half of this year has gone very well.二、注意省略原文的重復(fù)成分1. 雙方認(rèn)為應(yīng)把中美關(guān)系放在世界范圍來看，應(yīng)著眼于未來，著眼于21世紀(jì)。The two sides held that Sino-US relations should be viewed in a global context and from a perspective of the future and the 21st century in particular.2. 出現(xiàn)問題也容易糾正和改正。When problems emerge, they can be easil

23、y put right.3. 增強(qiáng)自立意識(shí)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)、效率意識(shí)、民主法制意識(shí)而后開拓創(chuàng)新意識(shí)。Increase the awareness about self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the rule of law, as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.4. 沉默啊！沉默！不知沉默中爆發(fā)，就在沉默中滅亡。Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.5. 生

24、產(chǎn)力是最活躍、最革命的因素，是社會(huì)發(fā)展的最終決定力量。Productive forces are the most dynamic and the most revolutionary factors as well as the ultimate decisive force of social development.6. 中國共產(chǎn)黨必須始終代表中國先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展要求，代表中國先進(jìn)文化的前進(jìn)方向，代表中國最廣大人們的根本利益。Out party must always represent the development trend of Chinas advanced productiv

25、e forces; the orientation of Chinas advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people in China.三、注意省略原文中多余的或空洞的詞語1. 我們需要從其他國家進(jìn)口先進(jìn)工藝設(shè)備。We need to import advanced industrial equipment.2. 那是騙人的幌子。That is a façade.3. 艱苦奮斗的精神要貫徹始終。We must adhere to the principle

26、of plain living and hard struggle.4. 我們要大力發(fā)揚(yáng)求真務(wù)實(shí)，勇于創(chuàng)新的精神。We must carry forward and promote the spirit of practicality, truth-seeking and courage in innovation.5. 這就徹底打破了他華而不實(shí)的夢(mèng)想。This shattered his illusion.6. 我們強(qiáng)烈要求美國政府就這次事件向中國鄭重道歉。We demand that US government apologize to China for this incident.7.

27、 鼓勵(lì)國內(nèi)外投資者到中西部投資。Encourage both Chinese and overseas investments in the central and western regions.第四節(jié) 合并譯法一、合并譯法，翻譯下列四字成語或詞組花言巧語 fine words 油嘴滑舌 glib tongue 精疲力竭 exhausted 吞吞吐吐 stumbling 調(diào)兵遣將 move forces 破釜沉舟 burn ones boat二、句子翻譯1. 我穿上我那身破爛衣服，鉆到那空甜桶里去呆著，這才發(fā)掘自己自由自在，心滿意足。I got into my old rags and my

28、 sugar-hogshead大桶 again, and was free and satisfied.2. 這五場(chǎng)演出時(shí)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)爆滿，座無虛席，許多觀眾只好立足觀賞。Each of the five performances enjoyed a full house, with many spectators having to stand.3. 他決心洗心革面，脫胎換骨。He is determined to turn over a new leaf.4. 海峽兩岸的中國人民都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits

29、are of the same flesh and blood.5. 全體成員精誠合作，上下一心。All the staff unite in absolute sincerity.6. 你來之前，我無所事事，只是游手好閑，逢場(chǎng)作戲。Before you came, I did nothing but idle and drift into anything that offered itself.7. 他想遠(yuǎn)走高飛，免得心煩。He sought the distraction of distance.第五節(jié) 轉(zhuǎn)性譯法1. 代表們一致表示反對(duì)核武器。The delegates unanimou

30、sly expressed their determination to oppose the nuclear weapons.2. 他的新書十分成功。His new book is a great success.3. 她的聲音響徹整個(gè)屋子。Her voice rings through the house.4. 這里人煙稠密。 The area is densely populated.5. 她不得已當(dāng)了導(dǎo)游。 She acted as a reluctant tourist guide.6. 氧是物質(zhì)世界的重要元素之一，它的化學(xué)反應(yīng)很強(qiáng)。Oxygen is one of the impo

31、rtant elements in the physical world; it is very active chemically.7. 這種舉止是罪犯的心理特征。This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.8. 這咖啡有點(diǎn)巧克力的味道。This coffee tastes of chocolate.9. 學(xué)生們都應(yīng)該德、智、體全面發(fā)展。All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.10. 如果旅館都滿客了，我們可以給你提供住處。We

32、 can house you if the hotels are full.第六節(jié) 換形譯法1. 實(shí)現(xiàn)了千百年來圍湖造田、與湖爭(zhēng)地到大規(guī)模退田還湖的歷史性轉(zhuǎn)變。This represented a great shift from the centuries-long history of reclaiming farmland from lakes to restoring it to them on a large scale.2. 這是我廠的關(guān)鍵車間，設(shè)備還是比較齊全的。這些機(jī)械設(shè)備的上方，我們還裝配了冷卻通風(fēng)設(shè)備、供暖設(shè)備以及通訊設(shè)備等。This is the key workshop

33、 in our factory. Here we have comparatively complete equipment. Cooling-fan installations, heating devices and communications facilities are also equipped over those machineries.第七節(jié) 褒貶譯法褒義詞中性詞貶義詞人群Gathering/assemblyCrowdMob肥胖的PortlyOverweighttubby苗條的Slim/slenderUnderweight/thin/freshySkinny/gaunt/la

34、nky朋友ComradeFriendCrony作家Man of letterWriterWordmonger 堅(jiān)持perseverecontinuepersist注意畫線詞語的褒貶1. 他熱衷于個(gè)人名利。He is always hankering after personal fame and gains.2. 她熱衷于花樣滑冰。She is fond of figure skating.3. 他販賣皮貨。He is in the fur trade.4. 你這是在販賣民族虛無主義。You are peddling national nihilism.5. 他與侵略者合作，出賣了自己的國家。He collaborated with the invaders and betrayed his motherland.6. 我們應(yīng)加強(qiáng)合作We should