1、四、形容詞和副詞四、形容詞和副詞語法專項語法專項跟蹤訓練跟蹤訓練語法專項語法專項精講精講 細篩選細篩選巧拓展巧拓展考點一形容詞和副詞的基本用法考點一形容詞和副詞的基本用法1.1.形容詞的基本用法形容詞的基本用法 形容詞在句中可以用作定語、表語、賓語補足語、主語補足語、狀語等。形容詞在句中可以用作定語、表語、賓語補足語、主語補足語、狀語等。2.2.副詞的基本用法副詞的基本用法 副詞在句中可以用作狀語副詞在句中可以用作狀語( (修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞、整個句子等修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞、整個句子等) )、 表語、定語和賓語補足語。表語、定語和賓語補足語。3.3.意義有別的同根副詞意義有別的同

2、根副詞 closeclose接近地接近地closelyclosely仔細地仔細地 freefree免費地免費地 freelyfreely自由地自由地 hardhard努力地努力地 hardlyhardly幾乎不幾乎不 latelate遲遲, ,晚晚 lately lately 近來近來 mostmost極極, ,非常非常 mostlymostly主要地主要地 widewide廣闊地廣闊地 widelywidely廣泛地廣泛地 highhigh高高 highlyhighly高度地高度地 deep deep 深深 deeplydeeply深刻地深刻地, ,深沉地深沉地 nearnear臨近臨近 n

3、earlynearly幾乎幾乎 prettypretty相當地相當地 prettilyprettily迷人地迷人地特別提示特別提示: :常見的以常見的以-ly-ly結尾的形容詞結尾的形容詞, ,如如:lovely, lonely, lively, deadly, :lovely, lonely, lively, deadly, friendly,friendly,likely, unlikely, silly, ugly, daily, motherly, fatherly, likely, unlikely, silly, ugly, daily, motherly, fatherly, b

4、rotherly, elderlybrotherly, elderly等。等。Deep in thought,he didnt notice me.Deep in thought,he didnt notice me.陷入沉思中陷入沉思中, ,他沒注意到我。他沒注意到我。He was deeply moved by the moving story.He was deeply moved by the moving story.他被這個感人的故事深深地感動了。他被這個感人的故事深深地感動了。考點二形容詞和副詞的比較等級考點二形容詞和副詞的比較等級1.1.比較級和最高級的構成比較級和最高級的構成

5、 (1) (1)規則形式規則形式 單音節以及少數雙音節形容詞和副詞單音節以及少數雙音節形容詞和副詞, ,在原級后加在原級后加-er,-est-er,-est構成。構成。 如如:clevercleverercleverest:clevercleverercleverest。其他特殊變化見下表。其他特殊變化見下表: :特殊情況特殊情況構成方式構成方式例詞例詞以不發音以不發音的的e e結尾結尾加加-r-r和和-st-stbravebravebraverbraverbravestbravest以以“輔音字輔音字母母+y+y”結尾結尾變變y y為為i,i,再再加加-er -er 和和-est-estha

6、ppyhappyhappierhappierhappiesthappiest以重讀閉以重讀閉音節結尾音節結尾且詞尾只有且詞尾只有一個輔音字母一個輔音字母雙寫詞尾雙寫詞尾, ,再再加加-er-er和和-est-esthothothotterhotterhottesthottest多音節和部分雙音節形容詞和副詞多音節和部分雙音節形容詞和副詞, ,在原級前加在原級前加more,mostmore,most構成。構成。 activemore activemost active activemore activemost active happilymore happilymost happily hap

7、pilymore happilymost happily(2)(2)不規則變化不規則變化特別提示特別提示 以下形容詞及其副詞無比較級和最高級以下形容詞及其副詞無比較級和最高級:relative,absolute,:relative,absolute, perfect,entire,senior,unique,present,simply,right,wrongperfect,entire,senior,unique,present,simply,right,wrong等。等。原級原級比較級比較級最高級最高級good,wellgood,wellbetterbetterbestbestbad,il

8、lbad,illworseworseworstworstmany,muchmany,muchmoremoremostmostlittlelittlelesslessleastleastfarfarfarther/furtherfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestfarthest/furthestoldoldolder/elderolder/elderoldest/eldestoldest/eldest2.2.基本用法基本用法 (1) (1)兩者相比兩者相比, ,表示表示“和和一樣一樣”, ,用用“as+as+原級原級+as”+as”表示。表示。 He learns

9、as quickly as his classmates. He learns as quickly as his classmates. 他和他的同學學得一樣快。他和他的同學學得一樣快。特別提示特別提示 在同級比較中在同級比較中, ,若同時出現形容詞修飾單數可數名詞若同時出現形容詞修飾單數可數名詞, ,其語其語序為序為:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。Our neighbor has as big a house as ours.Our neighbor has as big a house as ours.我們的鄰居有一套和我們的一樣大的房子。我

10、們的鄰居有一套和我們的一樣大的房子。(2)(2)兩者相比兩者相比, ,表示表示“不如不如”,”,用用“not as/so+not as/so+原級原級+as”+as”。 Unfortunately,my wife isnt so fond of them as I am. Unfortunately,my wife isnt so fond of them as I am.不幸的是不幸的是, , 我妻子不如我那么喜歡他們。我妻子不如我那么喜歡他們。(3)(3)兩者相比兩者相比, ,表示表示“比比更更”, ,用用“比較級比較級+than”;+than”;表示表示“不如不如”,”, 用用“not+

11、not+比較級比較級+than”+than”。 Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library. searching in a library. 在互聯網上查找信息比在圖書館查找更方便。在互聯網上查找信息比在圖書館查找更方便。 This one is not better than that one. This one is not better than t

12、hat one. 這個不如那個好。這個不如那個好。特別提示特別提示 修飾比較級的詞語有修飾比較級的詞語有:a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by :a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, evenfar, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等等; ;還可以用表還可以用表示倍數的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。示倍數的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。 修飾最高級的詞語有修飾最高級

13、的詞語有:by far, far, much, :by far, far, much, mostly, almostmostly, almost和序數詞。和序數詞。We have a much better life now.We have a much better life now.我們現在的日子好得多了。我們現在的日子好得多了。The buildings look far uglier in London than here.The buildings look far uglier in London than here.倫敦的建筑比這兒的難看得多。倫敦的建筑比這兒的難看得多。She

14、is the second tallest student in our class.She is the second tallest student in our class.她是我們班第二高的學生。她是我們班第二高的學生。3.3.特殊用法特殊用法 (1)“ (1)“比較級比較級+and+and+比較級比較級”表示表示 “ “越來越越來越”。 In many ways my disability has made me grow more and more In many ways my disability has made me grow more and more independe

15、nt. independent. 在很多方面在很多方面, ,我的殘疾已經使我變得越來越獨立。我的殘疾已經使我變得越來越獨立。 (2)“the+ (2)“the+比較級比較級,the+,the+比較級比較級”表示表示“越越,就越就越”。 The more upset I got,the less I was able to concentrate. The more upset I got,the less I was able to concentrate. 我越煩就越不能集中精力。我越煩就越不能集中精力。 (3)“more+ (3)“more+原級原級+than+than+原級原級”表示表示

16、“與其說與其說不如說不如說”。 The girl was more frightened than hurt. The girl was more frightened than hurt. 與其說這個女孩是受了傷與其說這個女孩是受了傷, ,不如說是受到了驚嚇。不如說是受到了驚嚇。(4)“more than+(4)“more than+主語主語+can+can+謂語謂語”表示表示“非非所能所能;不能不能”。 The beauty of the city is more than I can describe. The beauty of the city is more than I can

17、describe. 這座城市的美是我所不能描述的。這座城市的美是我所不能描述的。(5)(5)形容詞比較級前一般不用冠詞形容詞比較級前一般不用冠詞, ,但如果出現表示范圍的短語時但如果出現表示范圍的短語時, ,就需要加就需要加 定冠詞。定冠詞。 Of the two sisters,Mary is the cleverer. Of the two sisters,Mary is the cleverer. 這兩姐妹中這兩姐妹中, ,瑪麗更聰明。瑪麗更聰明。特別提示特別提示 有時形容詞最高級前不用有時形容詞最高級前不用the,the,句中的句中的most most 相當于相當于very,very,

18、意為意為“非常非常, ,十分十分”。This is a most interesting story.This is a most interesting story.這是一個很有趣的故事。這是一個很有趣的故事。4.4.比較級形式表示最高級含義比較級形式表示最高級含義 在某個特定范圍內在某個特定范圍內, ,同類事物對比同類事物對比, ,可用以下比較級結構表示最高級含義。可用以下比較級結構表示最高級含義。 比較級比較級+than+any other+than+any other+單數名詞單數名詞 比較級比較級+than+the other+than+the other+復數名詞復數名詞 比較級比

19、較級+than+anyone/ anything else+than+anyone/ anything else 比較級比較級+than+any of the other+than+any of the other+復數名詞復數名詞 China is the largest country in Asia.That is,it is larger than any China is the largest country in Asia.That is,it is larger than any other country in Asia. other country in Asia. 中國是

20、亞洲最大的國家中國是亞洲最大的國家, ,即中國比亞洲其他任何國家都要大。即中國比亞洲其他任何國家都要大。5.5.表示倍數的三個常用句型表示倍數的三個常用句型 (1). (1).倍數倍數+as+as+原級原級+as.+as. He can run three times as fast as John. He can run three times as fast as John. 他跑得有約翰三倍快。他跑得有約翰三倍快。 (2). (2).倍數倍數+ +比較級比較級+than.+than. This table is three times bigger than that one. This

21、 table is three times bigger than that one. 這張桌子比那張桌子大兩倍。這張桌子比那張桌子大兩倍。 (3). (3).倍數倍數+the size/length/width/height,etc.+of.+the size/length/width/height,etc.+of. This table is three times the size of that one. This table is three times the size of that one. 這張桌子是那張的三倍大。這張桌子是那張的三倍大。考點三形容詞和副詞的詞形變化考點三形容

22、詞和副詞的詞形變化1.1.常見的形容詞后綴常見的形容詞后綴形容詞形容詞后綴后綴意義意義例詞例詞-able-able-ible-ible可可的的; ;能能的的; ;應應的的; ;有有性質的性質的 acceptableacceptable可接受的可接受的availableavailable可獲得的可獲得的valuablevaluable有價值的有價值的reasonablereasonable合理的合理的accessibleaccessible可接近的可接近的-al-al與與有關的有關的typicaltypical典型的典型的digitaldigital數碼的數碼的culturalcultural文

23、化的文化的environmentalenvironmental環境的環境的-ant/-ant/-ent-ent是是的的frequentfrequent頻繁的頻繁的convenientconvenient方便的方便的efficientefficient效率高的效率高的significantsignificant有意義的有意義的-ful-ful充滿充滿的的; ;有有性質性質( (或傾向的或傾向的) )successfulsuccessful成功的成功的meaningfulmeaningful有意義的有意義的powerfulpowerful強大的強大的thankfulthankful感激的感激的-l

24、ess-less無無的的; ;沒有沒有的的endlessendless無盡的無盡的aimlessaimless無目標的無目標的powerlesspowerless無能為力的無能為力的-tive-tive有有傾向的傾向的attractiveattractive迷人的迷人的effectiveeffective有效的有效的instructiveinstructive有教育意義的有教育意義的-y-y多多的的foggyfoggy多霧的多霧的greedygreedy貪婪的貪婪的wealthywealthy富有的富有的healthyhealthy健康的健康的2.2.形容詞轉換為副詞形容詞轉換為副詞情況情況變

25、化規則變化規則例詞例詞一般情況一般情況在詞尾加在詞尾加-ly-lyimmediateimmediateimmediatelyimmediatelywonderfulwonderfulwonderfullywonderfully一些以輔音字一些以輔音字母加母加-y-y結尾結尾的形容詞的形容詞把把-y-y改改為為-i,-i,再加再加-ly-lyeasyeasyeasilyeasilyangryangryangrilyangrilynoisynoisynoisilynoisily以以-ble-ble或或-le-le結尾的形容詞結尾的形容詞去去e e加加-y-ypossiblepossibleposs

26、iblypossiblycomfortablecomfortablecomfortablycomfortably以以-ue-ue結尾結尾的形容詞的形容詞去去e e加加-ly-lytruetruetrulytruly以以-ll-ll結尾的形容詞結尾的形容詞在詞尾加在詞尾加-y-yfullfullfullyfully真題鏈接真題鏈接1.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners 1.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners liv

27、e three years live three years (long) than non-runners.(long) than non-runners.(20182018全國全國)2.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent 2.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total of total(globe) fertilizer consumption.(globe) fertilizer consum

28、ption.(20182018全國全國)答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.longer1.longer考查副詞比較級。根據空白處之后的考查副詞比較級。根據空白處之后的thanthan可知可知, ,此處用此處用longlong的比的比較級。較級。2.global2.global考查詞性轉換。此處和考查詞性轉換。此處和totaltotal一起修飾名詞短語一起修飾名詞短語fertilizer fertilizer consumptionconsumption。3.A taste for meat is3.A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An

29、 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.( cattle.(20182018全國全國)4.He screams the4.He screams the (loud) of all.(loud) of all.(20182018全國全國)5.Running is cheap, easy and its alwa

30、ys 5.Running is cheap, easy and its always (energy).(energy).( (20182018全國全國)答案及剖析答案及剖析: :3.actually3.actually考查詞性轉換。應用副詞作狀語修飾介詞短語考查詞性轉換。應用副詞作狀語修飾介詞短語behind the changebehind the change。4.loudest4.loudest考查副詞最高級。由空格后的考查副詞最高級。由空格后的“of allof all”可知可知,(,(雄性大猩猩雄性大猩猩) )喊叫聲最喊叫聲最大。因此填最高級形式大。因此填最高級形式loudestl

31、oudest。5.energetic5.energetic考查詞性轉換。本句為主系表結構考查詞性轉換。本句為主系表結構, ,故此處應該用形容詞作表語。故此處應該用形容詞作表語。跟蹤訓練跟蹤訓練運用運用 重實效重實效沖高考沖高考.單句語法填空單句語法填空1.But once they make it to junior high,they 1.But once they make it to junior high,they (final) have (final) have their own place to store bags and coats! their own place to

32、store bags and coats!2.Even2.Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. up.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.finally1.finally考查派生詞。根據句意考查派生詞。根據句意, ,此處應該用此處應該用finalfinal的副詞形式的副詞形式finally,finally,用副詞修飾整個句子。用副詞修飾整個句子。2.worse2.worse考查比較級。結合語境可知考查比較級。結合語

33、境可知, ,此處應表達的是此處應表達的是“更糟的是更糟的是”, ,故此故此處應填入處應填入badbad的比較級的比較級worseworse。3.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be 3.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold,she said it would be an very cold,she said it would be an (interest) experience.(inter

34、est) experience.4.However,be 4.However,be (care) not to go to extremes.(care) not to go to extremes.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :3.eresting考查派生詞。句意考查派生詞。句意: :當我告訴她呼吸困難并且天氣極冷時當我告訴她呼吸困難并且天氣極冷時, ,她她說那會是一次有趣的經歷。此空用形容詞形式修飾名詞說那會是一次有趣的經歷。此空用形容詞形式修飾名詞experience,experience,故用故用interestinterest對應的形容詞對應的形容詞int

35、erestinginteresting。4.careful4.careful考查形容詞。結合句意及空格前的考查形容詞。結合句意及空格前的 be be 可知可知, ,此處應填入的是形容此處應填入的是形容詞詞, ,故正確答案為故正確答案為carefulcareful。5.Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have 5.Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been been (fair) unpleasant for the pa

36、ssengers, with all the (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. smoke and noise.6.They have been anxiously waiting and even getting desperate after 6.They have been anxiously waiting and even getting desperate after waiting waiting (hopeless) for so many days.(hopeless) fo

37、r so many days.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :5.fairly5.fairly考查副詞。考查副詞。unpleasantunpleasant是形容詞是形容詞, ,所以需要將所以需要將fairfair變為副詞來修飾變為副詞來修飾形容詞形容詞, ,故填故填fairlyfairly。6.hopelessly6.hopelessly考查派生詞。句意考查派生詞。句意: :他們焦急地等了這么多天之后他們焦急地等了這么多天之后, ,甚至變得絕甚至變得絕望了。此處修飾動詞必須用副詞形式望了。此處修飾動詞必須用副詞形式, ,而且是而且是“無望地無望地”, ,必須用必須用hopelessly,hopele

38、ssly,不能用不能用hopefullyhopefully。7.7. (unfortunate),Van Goghs art wasnt very popular while (unfortunate),Van Goghs art wasnt very popular while he was alive. he was alive.8.The central London Railway was one of the most 8.The central London Railway was one of the most (success) (success) of these new l

39、ines, and was opened in 1900. of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :7.Unfortunately7.Unfortunately考查派生詞。句意考查派生詞。句意: :不幸的是不幸的是, ,凡高還活著時凡高還活著時, ,他的畫作不他的畫作不很受歡迎。修飾整個句子需用副詞很受歡迎。修飾整個句子需用副詞UnfortunatelyUnfortunately。8.successful8.successful考查形容詞。空格前是考查形容詞。空格前是the most,the most,所以要跟形容詞構成最

40、高所以要跟形容詞構成最高級級, ,故填故填successfulsuccessful。9.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 9.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their . . (nature) course. (nature) course.10.He sat down and started 10.He sat down and started (gentle) talking to the child.(gentle) talking to

41、 the child.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :9.natural9.natural考查派生詞。此處在句中作定語考查派生詞。此處在句中作定語, ,修飾名詞修飾名詞course,course,因此填提示詞因此填提示詞的形容詞形式的形容詞形式naturalnatural。10.gently10.gently考查派生詞。句意考查派生詞。句意: :他坐了下來他坐了下來, ,開始溫柔地和孩子談了起來。此開始溫柔地和孩子談了起來。此處需要用副詞處需要用副詞gentlygently修飾修飾talkingtalking。. .單句語法改錯單句語法改錯( (含非本專項及一句二錯試題含非本專項及一句二錯試題) )

42、1.I felt happily that their life had improved.(1.I felt happily that their life had improved.(20182018全國全國) )2.I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.2.I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.( (20182018全國全國) )答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.happilyhappy1.happilyhappy

43、本句中本句中feltfelt是系動詞是系動詞, ,意為意為“覺得覺得”, ,后面應用形容詞作表后面應用形容詞作表語語, ,故故happilyhappily改為改為happyhappy。2.2.去掉去掉thatthatlargerlargelargerlarge“我害怕做我害怕做”應為應為be afraid to do.be afraid to do.因因此去掉此去掉thatthat。第二處指一大群人。第二處指一大群人, ,與上下文無比較關系。因此將與上下文無比較關系。因此將largerlarger改為改為largelarge。3.Immediate, I raised my hand.(3.I

44、mmediate, I raised my hand.(20182018全國全國) )4.That accident took place on winter morning of the year 2018.4.That accident took place on winter morning of the year 2018.5.So truly friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests.5.So truly friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :3.ImmediateImmediately3.ImmediateImmediately修飾后面的動作修飾后面的動作raised