1、 閱讀理解講、練、評漳州一中 蔡麗英 錢學森之問錢學森之問 小煤窯小煤窯creative:having or showing imagination ;constructive; productiveInnovativeusing or showing new methods, ideas, etc ahead of the times; advanced; forward-looking; modernThe importance of reading Reading helps in mental development and is known to stimulate the musc

2、les of the eyes. Reading is an activity that involves greater levels of concentration and adds to the conversational skills of the reader. It is an indulgence (enjoyment) that enhances the knowledge acquired, consistently. The habit of reading also helps readers to decipher (understand) new words an

3、d phrases that they come across in everyday conversations. The habit can become a healthy addiction and adds to the information available on various topics. It helps us to stay in touch with contemporary writers as well as those from the days of yore and makes us sensitive to global issues. 讀的培養讀的培養

4、 1. Reading for information 2. Reading for language 3. Reading for writing 4. Reading for culture 5. Reading for speaking 6. Reading for funReading comprehension Reading for exam Reading skill/elements (要素）閱讀理解的重要性 占40% 每題2分 個別省滿分120的情況下閱讀還是40分。 在雅思、托福、四六級等各類考試中閱讀總是占最大比率。程曉堂教授與一些英語教師的對話程曉堂教授與一些英語教師的

5、對話 程教授：程教授：教師在講評時主要講解哪些練習題？教師在講評時主要講解哪些練習題？李老師：李老師：單選題。單選題。程教授：程教授：這部分在一整套模擬題或全真題占多大這部分在一整套模擬題或全真題占多大的比例？的比例？李老師：李老師：15%左右吧。左右吧。程教授：程教授：那好，既然這些題目在整套練習題中只那好，既然這些題目在整套練習題中只占很小占很小 的比例，講評時為什么把大部分時間都的比例，講評時為什么把大部分時間都花在這些題目上呢？花在這些題目上呢？李老師：李老師：因為學生總是出錯。因為學生總是出錯。程教授：程教授：難道學生在聽力、閱讀、寫作等部分的難道學生在聽力、閱讀、寫作等部分的試題上

6、不試題上不 出錯嗎？出錯嗎？李老師李老師：這些試題不好講。：這些試題不好講。 現在試卷評講有多少教師是先從閱現在試卷評講有多少教師是先從閱讀理解和完形填空開始，然后再書讀理解和完形填空開始，然后再書面表達，基本上把單項選擇放在最面表達，基本上把單項選擇放在最后由學生提問再做評講的？后由學生提問再做評講的？ 我們是不愛講？還是不敢講？不我們是不愛講？還是不敢講？不好講？好講？ 講解閱讀理解，講解閱讀理解，1. 要讓學生找出每道題目的要讓學生找出每道題目的答題依據答題依據，讓他們養成邊閱讀邊作分析符號的習讓他們養成邊閱讀邊作分析符號的習慣。慣。講解時：只是指出所在段落？還是要把講解時：只是指出所在

7、段落？還是要把所在段落講解清楚。所在段落講解清楚。 2. 利用試卷評講，每次重點解決一兩利用試卷評講，每次重點解決一兩個問題。平均用力不好。個問題。平均用力不好。 微技能訓練：微技能訓練：(美國美國Steck-Vaughn）1）發現事實）發現事實 2）領會大意）領會大意3）把握順序）把握順序 4）利用語境）利用語境5）歸納結論）歸納結論 6）學會推測）學會推測Steck Vaughn No two learners, no matter the age, have exactly the same needs. Steck Vaughn has provided innovative and

8、effective learning solutions that meet the needs of each individual learner in primary, secondary and adult education for 70 years. 1）發現事實）發現事實 Fact: an event or things to know to have happened or existed. a piece of information事實存在于真實的故事中-如報紙上報道的故事，也存在于傳說及人們編撰的故事中。how; when; who; where; how many/mu

9、ch2）領會大意（）領會大意（main idea) 所有的細節加起來=大意。如：8+9+7=24. 8. 9. 7是細節。24為大意,比每個細節都大，是由若干部分組成。常常是觀點，而不是事實。如：Running is the best exercise.( main idea)）It strengthens you heart. (detail)Its fun to run with your friends. (detail)It helps you keep fit. (detail) 1.重點理解首末段、首末句。如果沒有明顯的主題句，就通過關鍵詞句來概括。 2. 認真審題，看清楚要求回答

10、的是“全文主旨”還是“段落主旨”；推斷的是“作者的觀點、意圖”還是“別人的觀點、意圖”。 3. 主旨在文首或文尾時，注意文章前主旨在文首或文尾時，注意文章前后段意思是否有轉折，如有后段意思是否有轉折，如有 therefore, thus, but, however, in short等轉折，等轉折，那么該句很可能就是主題句。那么該句很可能就是主題句。 4. 作者有意識反復強調的觀點，通常作者有意識反復強調的觀點，通常是主旨。是主旨。 5. 段首句是疑問句時，對該句的回答段首句是疑問句時，對該句的回答往往是文章的主旨。往往是文章的主旨。3）把握順序）把握順序 (sequence) 有關聯的一組事

11、務有關聯的一組事務 尋找表示時間的詞語如：first, then, next, during, while, last, eventually, later, today, days of the week, months of the year4）利用語境（）利用語境（context) 語境就是語言所描述的相關情境，語境就是語言所描述的相關情境， 即上下文。是猜詞的最佳方法。即上下文。是猜詞的最佳方法。 When you leave your house in the morning, it doesnt just stay the same. Sunlight falls on the r

12、ug. It warms the fibers, making them wave slowly. This waving warms the air and moves it around.In the paragraph, the word fibers meansA. threads B. desks C. room D. walls5）歸納總結）歸納總結 (conclusion) 結論就是你在綜合考慮所有線索之結論就是你在綜合考慮所有線索之后做出的判斷，作者往往不會告訴后做出的判斷，作者往往不會告訴你他你他/她的結論。她的結論。=信息判斷信息判斷 如：如：In 1958 there w

13、as an earthquake in Springhill, Canada. There were 69 men trapped in the mine near the town. The rescue workers dug fast and hard. But by the sixth day, few family members came to the mine. The sad rescue workers shook their heads but kept on digging. Then a voice was heard through an air pipe. “The

14、re are 12 of us in here. Please rescue us.”From the story you can tell that_A. Springhill was a big cityB. the people thought the men were deadC. it was snowing during the earthD. no one cared about the miners深層理解題深層理解題:解使用排除法解使用排除法排除兩個排除兩個描敘文章信息的選項，一個錯誤選項。選描敘文章信息的選項，一個錯誤選項。選根據文章提供信息所引申的總結性強的選根據文章提供

15、信息所引申的總結性強的選項。項。 6)學會推測（學會推測（inference) 把自己所有已知的情況進行考慮之后把自己所有已知的情況進行考慮之后做出猜測。作者不會把故事的每個細做出猜測。作者不會把故事的每個細節都寫出來。節都寫出來。如：Red-crowned cranes are beautiful birds. They are known for their trumpeting call. Many of these cranes live on an island in Japan. They live in marshes(沼澤）and are protected by law. B

16、ut there are fewer than two thousand cranes left. They are in danger of disappearing.Which of these sentences is probably true?A. The Japanese dont care these cranes.B. People in Japan want to help the cranes.C. Red-crowned cranes live in the desert.D. There are too many cranes in Japan. Have you ev

17、er caught fireflies on a warm summer night? Fireflies are interesting little insects. They make light with their bodies. But the light is not hot. Fireflies use their lights to send signals to other fireflies. Fireflies come out in summer. (inference) The light of fireflies is not hot. (fact) Firefl

18、ies send signals with their light (fact) Fireflies can only send signals at night. (inference) 閱讀理解微技能之閱讀理解微技能之“微微”，借喻于借喻于“微言大義微言大義” 學生只有分解動作學生只有分解動作微技能微技能掌握了才能提升自身的閱讀掌握了才能提升自身的閱讀理解能力。理解能力。 這些微技能也就是我們的：這些微技能也就是我們的： （1）理解語篇主旨大意；）理解語篇主旨大意；（2）理解文中具體信息；）理解文中具體信息；（3）根據上下文提供的線索推測生詞）根據上下文提供的線索推測生詞的詞義；的詞義；（4）根據文中事實和線索作出簡單的）根據文中事實和線索作出簡單的判斷和推理；判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結構和文脈邏輯）理解文章的基本結構和文脈邏輯關系；關系；（6）理解作者的觀點、意圖和態度；）理解作者的觀點、意圖和態度；3. 將將5篇文章當教材，進行精讀和泛讀篇文章當教材，進行精讀和泛讀 教學；語言、語法復習；好詞好句。教學；語言、語法復習；好詞好句。4.教語言應該注重語言背后強大的教語言應該注重語言背后強大的背景知識背景知識5. 講解文章中的長、難句。講解文章中的長、難句。6.注重學生無聲閱讀和有聲閱讀習注重學生無聲閱讀和有聲閱讀習慣