1、 在復合句中起名詞作用的從句在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses(Noun Clauses）。名詞從句的功能相當于）。名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組名詞詞組, , 它在復合句中能擔任它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分為句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分為: :主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和和同位語從句同位語從句。名詞性從句名詞性從句在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句主語從句 表語從句 賓語從句

2、 同位語從句 The problem is how we should use modern technology.When man will be able to live on Mars is unknown to us all.I cant imagine where all these advanced technologies will lead us.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.Predicative ClauseSubject ClauseObject Cl

3、auseAppositive ClauseHow should we use modern technology?The problem is When will man be able to live on Mars? .is unknown to us all. Where will all these advanced technology lead us ?I cant imagine.He has not been seen recently The factdisturbs everyone in his office. 1.When we will start is not cl

4、ear. 2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句辨別下列名詞性從句的類別辨別下列名詞性從句的類別： 連接代詞連接代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever連接副詞連接副詞 how, why, when, where however, wh

5、erever連接詞連接詞that, whether, if, as if /as though（不充當從句的任何成分） 引導名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞考點一、關(guān)聯(lián)詞1.that在從句中無詞義，只起連接作用；不可省whether(是否是否),不用不用if一、主語從句That he stole a bike was true. That he is the best student in the class is obvious Whether we will succeed is still a question.1.Who will win the match is still

6、unknown. 2.What he wants to tell us is not clear.3.What he is has nothing to do with you.4.Whose ticket this is has not been found out.1.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 2.When the test will be given is not yet decided.3.How much we can spend must be agreed on.2.連接代

7、詞（what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever 等）等）.和連接副詞（ how, why, when, where however, wherever ）在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當成分。 1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. （S 92) A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. ( 93) A. What B.

8、 That C. The fact D. The matter3). _she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 考點二、 用形式主語 it 的主語從句常見結(jié)構(gòu)1. It is clear (necessary, important, possible,remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等)2. It is a fact

9、(a pity, a good thing, good news no wonder ) that 事實是 ( 可惜的是,好事是,好消息是)3. It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated,said, believed) that眾所周知( 據(jù)報道,據(jù)記載,據(jù)說,據(jù)估計)4. It happens/matters) that 碰巧是) 5. It has been found (has been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out) that 已發(fā)現(xiàn)( 已證明,可看出,需指出)1.Its a pit

10、y that we cant go. 很遺憾我們不能去。2.It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。3.It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。 4.It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。 1. _in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail acco

11、unt. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires2.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92） A. while B. that C if D for注意:在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary /important/ natural /strange that Its suggested/ ordered/re

12、quired thateg. It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go eg. Dont you think it necessary that he _to Miami but to Mew York?-I agree, but the problem is _he has refused toA. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not

13、 be sent; what D. should not send; what 1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop 2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get

14、everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them二、賓語從句考點1. 由連詞由連詞that 引導引導: that 常可省略常可省略。I told him (that) I would come back soon.賓語

15、從句中的連接詞賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下情況下不能省略：在以下情況下不能省略：當當that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時， 第二個第二個that不能省；不能省；用用it做形式賓語的賓語從句做形式賓語的賓語從句.He said that he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.考點二、whether或if引導的賓語句whether和if均可引導動詞后的賓語從句，常可互換。但從句中有or not時或介詞后的賓語從句中只能用whether連接。 不定式連

16、用只用不定式連用只用whether 。其它名詞性從句，如：主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether. I dont care about whether you have money or not. It all depends on whether they will come back.Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.They dont know whether to go there2.用if 或

17、whether 填空 1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you. 7.They dont kno

18、w to go there. whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf whether考點三、在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用 “should+ 動詞原形”。但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講, insist作“堅持說、堅持認為”講，則其后的賓語從句中應該用陳述語氣。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The comma

19、nder ordered that troops (should) set off at once. The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. 考點四、賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應 賓語從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)受主句謂語動詞的影響，如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時從句中的謂語動詞可以用各種時態(tài)； I know that he studies English every day. I know that he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study

20、English next year. We all know that he has studied English since 1998.如果主句中的謂語動詞用了一般過去時，則從句中的語動只能用過去時的某種形式，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等； We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 The teacher told us that

21、 the sun rises in the east.(1) The teacher said that the earth _round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(2) Our father said that he _ a new computer next week. A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys(3) I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday. A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone考點五、當

22、主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. (1)I dont think he is right,_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2). He believes she is right, _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis she Disnt s

23、he(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,_? Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I 1.The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard t

24、he news . A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited3.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 考點七、考點七、it 可以作為形式賓語可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語正的賓語that 從

25、句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。句子中。 例如：例如： Eg：We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. such C. it D. that doubt問題1. I doubt _he is telling the truth. 2. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out .3. Does he doubt _ you are from Austria? if / whether that that 賓語從句經(jīng)

26、常做介詞的賓語1. The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved slightly.2. She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved.3. He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him. (任何一任何一個個)肯定句肯定句: if / whether否定句否定句: that疑定句疑定句: thatthat what whoever三、 表語從句引導表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if, because 引導。其

27、基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 主語 + 系動詞 + that從句 1. The truth is he has never been to the countryside.3. The question is we can finish the experiment by Friday.4. He looks he were an artist. 實際情況是他從未去過農(nóng)村. 問題在于我們能否在明天下午之前完成這項實驗. as if /as though從句常表示從句常表示不真實的情況不真實的情況5. This school is no longer it was before.這所學校已不再是從前的那個樣子了

28、. 2. But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.可以接表語從句的連系動詞有可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等等他看起來像一位藝術(shù)家似的但事實仍然是我們落在其他班級后面thatthatwhetheras ifwhat that不省略不省略表語從句不用表語從句不用ifwhat在從句中充當成分在從句中充當成分下列表語從句中where, how, why 的譯法1. This is .2. That was .3. This is this morning.這就是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的地方. 他們就是

29、這樣贏得這場比賽的. 這就是她為什么今天早上起得這么早的原因. 固定句型: This is where This is why This is how.這就是的地方這就是的原因這就是的方法注注 意：意：1. It is /was because . 2. The reason (why/for)is /was that.Its at that time .(因為我們需要錢因為我們需要錢)(need)The reason why he was late for school is .(他錯過了早班車他錯過了早班車)(miss)where Lu Xun once livedhow they won

30、 the matchwhy she got up so earlythat he missed the early busbecause we were in need of money注意注意：主語是注意：主語是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示等表示“建議、請求、建議、請求、要求、決定等要求、決定等”意思的詞時意思的詞時,表語從句中謂表語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”。如：如：His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting . 1. T

31、hats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when

32、 5. Why not try our luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. A. where B. what C. when D. why6.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat C whether DHow7.The reason _ I have to go is_ my mother is ill in bed A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; because四、同位語從句四、同位語從句 簡

33、單地說，同位語從句就是簡單地說，同位語從句就是后面那后面那句話句話是是前面這個名詞前面這個名詞的的具體的內(nèi)容具體的內(nèi)容。 比如說：比如說： 我有個通知：明天放假。我有個通知：明天放假。 ( I have a notice that tomorrow is free. ) 這句話中這句話中, tomorrow is free 就就是是 notice 的具體的內(nèi)容。的具體的內(nèi)容。同位語從句同位語從句說明它們的內(nèi)容常見引導詞: that , whether , how, wh- 疑問詞 1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The

34、fact worries their parents and teachers a lot. The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot. 2.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view. Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too mu

35、ch time online.4. How did I do it? / The question is hard to answer.3. Where should they go to find some food./ They had no idea. 5. The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school. Chinese students should be given more free time.They had no idea where they should go to findsome

36、 food.The question how I did it is hard to answer.The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.考點一、同位語從句的名詞 同位語從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名詞后,說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容如 news, idea, fact, hope, promise, truth, belief, thought, answer, information,

37、 knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestionorder, question problem theory decision, discovery conclusion rumorThe news that our team has won the match is true.His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway. 1.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right A that wha

38、t BWhat that Cthat Dwhether注注: 1. 1. 同謂語從句多用that 引導2. 2. 在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引導同位語引導同位語從句從句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.考點二、同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。 I had no

39、 idea that you were here. that引導同位語從句,不能省略Have you got the the news （that） he told us at the meeting (that引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）考點三、分隔開的同位語從句1) Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. ( s2002） A. that B. which C. of which D. what 2). Danby left word with my secretary _he would call again in the afternoon. A. who B. that C. as D. which 考點四：同位語從句在虛擬句的應用表示表示建議、請求、命令