1、Why We Ventilate 為什么要通風We ventilate to: 通風是為了: Create an air exchange 空氣交換 Control moisture levels (relative humidity/RH) 控制濕度 Supply oxygen提供氧氣 Remove harmful gases (CO , CO, NH ) 排出有害氣體 Control the heat load 控制熱量積聚 Control the bird effective temperature 控制雞群體感溫度 Combination of temperature, relativ

2、e humidity, air speed, bird age 溫度、濕度、風速及雞的年齡綜合作用Always ventilate to achieve and maintain BIRD COMFORT 通風始終要達到并保持雞群舒適第1頁/共61頁How We Ventilate 如何進行通風At or below set point temperature minimum ventilation 低于設定溫度 - 最小通風 Regardless of outside temperature, a certain amount of fresh air must be brought int

3、o the house 無論外界溫度如何，雞舍都要有一定的新鮮空氣進入 Maintain air quality 保持空氣質量 Maintain floor/house temperature 保持墊料及雞舍溫度 Bird comfort is achieved through maintaining good temperature control 保持雞舍溫度穩定使雞群舒適 No air movement at bird level 雞群高度位置沒有風速 Fans operate on a cycle timer 風機通過循環定時鐘控制第2頁/共61頁How We Ventilate 如何

4、進行通風Above set point temperature transition and tunnel ventilation 高于設定溫度 - 過渡通風和縱向通風 Fans run continuously 風機持續運轉 Higher rate of ventilation 通風量較大 Remove bird heat from the house 排出雞群產生的熱量 Tunnel Ventilation - cool the birds with air movement (windchill) 縱向通風 通過空氣流動降低雞群溫度 Pad cooling assists tunnel

5、ventilation by cooling the air 濕簾冷卻 - 通過冷卻空氣提高縱向通風效果Bird comfort is priority! 雞群舒適最重要！第3頁/共61頁When Do We Use Min Vent? 什么時候采用最小通風 It can be used summer and winter 可以在夏季及冬季使用 It is used anytime the actual house temperature is below the required set point temperature for the birds 雞舍溫度低于理想的設定溫度時就可以使用

6、It is used when trying to maintain temperature, but still putting the least amount of fresh air possible to maintain good air quality 為了保持溫度但是還需要一定的新鮮空氣進入雞舍一保持空氣質量 When the house temperature goes above the required set point temperature, then it is no longer in minimum ventilation mode 當雞舍的溫度超過設定的要求

7、溫度時，就不再進行最小通風Set Point Temperature設定溫度Minimum Ventilation 最小通風Transition and Tunnel Ventilation 過渡及縱向通風第4頁/共61頁Bird Requirements 雞只需求 Warm floor during brooding 育雛時溫暖的地面 Good temperature control 良好的溫度控制 Good air quality (oxygen) 良好的空氣質量 No temperature fluctuations 溫度沒有波動 No drafts 沒有賊風 No environmen

8、tal stresses 沒有環境應激 It doesnt matter what type of housing you have! 不管是什么類型的雞舍 These are the bird requirements and somehow you must provide them 這是雞的需求，你必須提供給它們 Closed environment houses are better equipped to provide this 密閉雞舍的良好設備能更好地提供這些要求第5頁/共61頁Your House The Starting Point 雞舍 是基礎 The “quality”

9、 of the house can make or break any ventilation system 雞舍的“質量”可以運行或破壞任何通風系統的運行 Regardless of the type of ventilation system, it is important to SEAL THE HOUSE 無論何種通風方式，密閉雞舍非常重要 Gives better control over what is happening inside 對于雞舍內部情況能夠更好的控制 Reduces the effect of outside conditions 減少外界條件的影響 Gives

10、 you more control over the incoming air 更好地控制新鮮空氣的進入 Roof insulation plays a key role 屋頂隔熱性能起到關鍵的作用 A good house is: 好的雞舍是： Well sealed, air tight 密閉良好，無漏風 Well insulated 隔熱性能良好第6頁/共61頁Minimum House Pressure Based on Fan Capacity and House Size 基于雞舍大小及風機通風量的最小負壓11151500185022302600300033503720House

11、Floor Area (m)51000476004420041000375003400030600Test Fan (m/hr)1520253035404550556065707580第7頁/共61頁Problems With Poorly Sealed Houses 雞舍密閉性能差造成的問題 Cold floors due to drafts 因賊風而造成較涼的地面 Cold drafts onto the chicks/birds 冷的賊風吹到雞體身上 More difficult to maintain temperature in winter 冬季保溫更難 More difficul

12、t to ventilate effectively in winter 冬季難以進行有效通風Stress, stocking density, uniformity, health, poor start 應激，密度，均勻度，健康，開端差 Cold drafts onto the heater probe 冷的賊風吹到溫度探頭 Heat loss through the cracks and openings 熱量丟失 No mixing of cold incoming air with warm inside air 冷熱空氣不能很好混合 Unable to access the hea

13、t in the peak of the roof 沒有利用到屋頂的熱量High heating costs, cant maintain temperature 保溫成本高，不能保持溫度第8頁/共61頁Poor Sealing 密閉差Always seal from outside 始終從外側進行密閉第9頁/共61頁第10頁/共61頁Cold Air Leakage at Catching Door 冷空氣從門的漏縫處進入第11頁/共61頁Sealed vs. Unsealed Side Wall 密閉好和密閉差的雞舍側墻第12頁/共61頁Chick Spread Uninsulated,

14、Poor Seal 雞群分布 隔熱差，密閉不好第13頁/共61頁Chick Spread Insulated, Sealed 雞群分布 - 隔熱性能好，密閉良好第14頁/共61頁House Leakage 雞舍漏風Cold floors, wet litter, heater activated 地面涼，墊料濕，加熱設施工作Wasted Heat 浪費熱量第15頁/共61頁Curtain Leakage on a Windy Day 大風天時卷簾漏風第16頁/共61頁Air Leakage Through a Poorly Sealed Curtain 卷簾密閉差時的雞舍漏風第17頁/共61頁

15、Managing HousesThat Are Not “Air Tight” 漏風雞舍的管理 SEAL THE HOUSE! 密閉雞舍！! Minimal cost, huge impact 最低成本，巨大的影響 Make sure tunnel inlets can seal tight 確保縱向進風口密閉 Make sure curtains seal 確保卷簾密閉 Seal around doors 密閉門窗 Seal all unused fans 密閉不使用的風機 Seal around inlets 進風口四周密閉 Seal all joints in the roof 屋頂結合

16、處密閉 Seal drainage holes 密閉下水孔 This will give you (more) control over the incoming air 這將會更好地控制進入雞舍的新鮮空氣第18頁/共61頁Heating 加熱 Make sure there is MORE than enough heating capacity 確保雞舍足夠的加熱能力 More often results in lower total consumption 能量消耗反而會少 Ensure good, even distribution of the heat 確保加熱量、設施分布均勻 B

17、e cautious when using circulation/stir fans 使用循環風機或攪拌風扇時要小心 Sometimes they create drafts at bird level 有時會產生賊風 Preheat the house for at least 2-3 days 雞舍預熱2-3天 Make sure floors are warm before chicks arrive (min 30C) 確保雛雞到達時的地面溫度（最低30C）第19頁/共61頁“Quick Fix” Minimum Ventilation “快速解決”最小通風 Fan jet syst

18、em 風機送風系統 Air cannons and “pressure inlets” are a cost effective “quick fix” for houses without minimum ventilation 通風管和負壓進風口對于沒有最小通風系統的雞舍能以較低的成本有效地進行通風 Air cannons are not the ultimate solution 通風管不是最終方法 The volume of air they supply is too small 進風量太小 Circulation fans can help to distribute heat (

19、but they are NOT a substitute for minimum ventilation) 循環風機能有助于使熱量分布均勻（但是也不能代替最小通風）第20頁/共61頁Fan Jet 風機送風第21頁/共61頁Fan Jet 風機送風Inlet Damper進風口風門第22頁/共61頁Fan Jet System 風機送風系統Fan Jet送風風機Plastic Tube塑料管道Exhaust Fan 排風機Tube Holes and Air Flow Direction管道孔及氣流方向第23頁/共61頁Fan Jet System 送風系統Advantages: 優點 “P

20、ositive pressure” system 正壓通風系統 House does not have to be extremely well sealed 雞舍不必密閉非常好 Fan jet runs continuously good mixing of air and heat 送風風機連續運轉 空氣和熱量混合良好 Incoming air directed up away from birds 進入的新鮮空氣氣流向上，遠離雞群高度 Heating system can be located at FJ for distribution 加熱系統可以置于送風系統內以使熱量均勻分布 Re

21、latively cheap system 相對經濟的系統Disadvantages: 缺點 May not be able to provide enough min vent for whole cycle (depends on stocking density, weight) 整個循環周期內也許不能提供足夠的最小通風量（取決于飼養密度，體重） Tube is biosecurity risk must be well cleaned 管道有生物安全的風險 必須很好清洗第24頁/共61頁Air Cannons 通風管第25頁/共61頁Pressure Balanced Inlet 壓力

22、調節進風口第26頁/共61頁Air Cannons, Pressure Inlets 通風管，負壓進風口 Advantages: 優點 Quite an effective minimum ventilation system 比較有效的最小通風系統 Fairly cost effective cheap “inlets” (90mm pipe) 成本低 進風口便宜 Curtains stay closed 卷簾一直關閉 Mixes incoming air with warm house air 新鮮空氣和暖空氣混合Disadvantages:缺點 System works on negat

23、ive pressure, so 系統以負壓方式工作 House must be well sealed, or else 雞舍必須密閉良好 House may get colder than before, chicks more stressed 雞舍溫度可能比以前低，雞群應激較大 Do not take this approach unless house can be well sealed 雞舍密閉不好時不要采用這種方法 Requires ventilation controller or cycle timer 需要通風控制系統或定時鐘第27頁/共61頁Bringing in Co

24、ld Air 冷空氣進入雞舍Chicks chilled, wet litter 雞群著涼，墊料潮濕Valuable Heat Wasted浪費熱空氣Negative Pressure VentilationClosed Environment Houses負壓通風，密閉式雞舍第28頁/共61頁What is Negative Pressure? 什么是負壓？ When a fan tries to extract more air from a house than is allowed to enter the house 當風機需要排出的空氣比進入的空氣多時 When this happ

25、ens air rushes in through inlets to replace the exhausted air 工作時，空氣從進風口快速進入以替換排出去的空氣 Just because a fan is running, doesnt mean there is a negative pressure 僅有風機運轉時，并不一定是負壓第29頁/共61頁Why Is It Important? 為什么很重要？ With negative pressure, air enters evenly through every inlet 負壓時，空氣均勻地進入雞舍 If your house

26、 leaks, it also comes through all the leaks! 如果雞舍漏風，空氣也可從漏縫處進入 By spreading inlets evenly can get even fresh air distribution 進風口分布均勻，空氣進入也均勻 By restricting inlet size, can regulate incoming air speed 調節進風口大小，可以調節空氣進入速度 Control over how far the air goes into the house 控制空氣以何種方式進入雞舍第30頁/共61頁 Air shou

27、ld go to the middle (peak) of the roof 空氣應該進入到雞舍屋頂中間 Higher incoming speed allows better mixing 風速快，混合更好 Pressure determines the incoming air speed 負壓決定風速 High pressure high air speed 負壓高，風速快 Low pressure low air speed 負壓低，風速慢 The wider the house higher the pressure 雞舍越寬，負壓要求越大 By using pressure, we

28、 can put the air where we want it 利用負壓，我們能夠使空氣以需要的方式進入雞舍Why Is It Important? 為什么很重要？第31頁/共61頁Air Movement Based on Pressure 不同負壓情況下的空氣流動Low Pressure 負壓低Bit higher高一點Higher 又高一點Just right 剛好第32頁/共61頁Negative Pressure vs House Width 負壓和雞舍寬度The following is a rough guide for the negative pressure at di

29、fferent house widths 不同寬度雞舍的負壓參考House Width雞舍寬度perating Pressure 工作負壓10m10Pa12m13Pa14m15Pa15m20Pa18m25PaNote: The above is only a guide. Actual operating pressure may vary depending on the type of inlet and shape and angle of the ceiling/roof, etc.第33頁/共61頁Minimum Ventilation System 最小通風系統 Cross ven

30、tilation is most successful 橫向通風最成功 Fans and inlets located in the side walls 風機/進風口置于側墻上 Hot air gathers in the peak of the roof 熱空氣積聚在雞舍屋頂 Fans operate on a cycle timer 風機以定時鐘控制運轉 Pressure controlled side wall inlets direct cold air to peak負壓控制側墻進風口，調節冷空氣到達雞舍中間 Cold, moist air mixes and pushes hot

31、, dry air down 冷而濕的空氣與暖空氣混合，迫使暖而干的空氣向下 Distributes fresh, warm air 新鮮而較暖的空氣均勻分布 Low air movement at bird level (4cm) + (Pressure) 正確的空氣流動= （開啟4厘米以上）+（負壓）第50頁/共61頁The Most Critical Part Of Your Minimum Ventilation System? 最小通風系統最關鍵的部分？If the tunnel inlet does not close tight, your minimum ventilation

32、 system will not function properly 如果縱向進風口不能密閉，最小通風就不能夠很好地運行第51頁/共61頁Management/Stockmanship 管理 The above is not worth much without good management 如果沒有很好的管理，上述這些就沒有價值可言 Manager is link between birds and ventilation system 管理人員是雞群和通風系統的連接紐帶 Must be able to “read” bird behaviour and other signs 必須懂得“

33、閱讀”雞群的行為和其它表現 Must be able to adjust vent to satisfy bird requirement 必須能夠只滿足雞群的需求進行通風 There is NO ventilation system that does not require management 沒有一種通風系統是不需要管理的 Training and education about new equipment and technology is very important! 對于新設備和新技術的培訓非常重要！第52頁/共61頁Minimum Ventilation Rate 最小通風量

34、 Theoretical/calculated rates are only a guide! 理論/計算的數值只能作參考 The right minimum rate is critical for bird performance and to minimise heat consumption 正確的最小通風量是雞群生產性能和最小保溫成本的關鍵 Under ventilation bird performance is compromised 通風不足 雞群生產性能受影響 Over ventilation excessive heat consumption, dry house, po

35、ssible drafts on birds 通風量過大 加熱成本高，雞舍干燥，可能造成賊風 Evaluate your minimum ventilation setting every day 每天評估最小通風量的設定 Minimum ventilation fans should operate on a cycle timer 最小通風風機應該由定時鐘控制第53頁/共61頁Example of Minimum Ventilation Rate 最小通風量舉例第54頁/共61頁Example Calculation 計算舉例Assume: 假設 Bird weight = 800g ;

36、10 000 birds 體重=800克，10000只雞 Ventilation “factor” = 0,594m/hr/kg 通風系數 = 0,594m/hr/kg Calculation: 計算 Ventilation = 10 000 x 0,594m/hr/bird = 5 940m/hrCycle Timer Setting: 定時鐘設定 5 minute cycle ; 1 x fan 20 000m/hr (example) 5分鐘循環Time ON = (5 940 x 5) (1 x 20 000) = 1,6 minutesTime ON = 1 min 36 secTi

37、me OFF = 3 min 24 secNote: This is an example on how to perform the calculation, and does not necessarily suggest that the “Ventilation Factor” used above is theonly way to calculate minimum ventilation 第55頁/共61頁Evaluating Minimum Ventilation 最小通風評估 The only way is by visiting the house 只有一種方式：進雞舍 D

38、one preferably first thing each morning 每天早上的第一件事 Evaluate in the first 30-60 seconds: 剛進入雞舍30-60秒時評估 Bird comfort, spread, activity 雞群的舒適度，分布，活動 “Stuffiness” “悶” Humidity level 濕度 Ammonia 氨氣 Condensation/sweating (walls, drinker pipes, steel) 冷凝水 “AIR QUALITY” “空氣質量” What you feel in first 30-60 seconds is what the chicken lived with all night 進雞舍后前30-60秒的感覺就是雞群整晚所處的環境 “Purging” the house in the morning is unacceptable 早晨大量通風不可取(Purging running many fans to clear the air)第56頁/共61頁E