1、精品文檔就在這里- 各類專業(yè)好文檔，值得你下載，教育，管理，論文，制度，方案手冊(cè)，應(yīng)有盡有-美國社會(huì)福利制度簡(jiǎn)介Introduction to social welfare system American發(fā)布于 : 2007/11/04 12:58 amPublished: 2007/11/04 12:58 am引用Quote社會(huì)福利是日常生活不可或缺的一部分，美國的社會(huì)福利制度相當(dāng)全面完善。了解美國的社會(huì)福利制度， 有助于您在移民后合理地利用于自己有利的福利措施，爭(zhēng)取和保障自己應(yīng)有的權(quán)益。Social welfare is an indispensable part of our daily

2、 life, America social welfare system is veryperfect. To understand the America social welfare system, help you after the migration toexploit for their favorable welfare measures, strive for and protect their own rights.美國現(xiàn)行的社會(huì)福利制度是從1936 年社會(huì)安全法案(Social Security Act)實(shí)行之后， 逐步完善起來的。社會(huì)安全法案包含如下幾類福利措施：Amer

3、ica current social welfare system is from the social security actof 1936 (Social SecurityAct) after the introduction, gradually improve. The Social Security Act contains the followingbenefits:1、聯(lián)邦社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)1, the social insurance聯(lián)邦社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)是為就職人士設(shè)立的，在職或曾經(jīng)工作過的本人及其家屬都可參加，主要包括退休金 (Retirement Benefits) 、撫恤金 (Survi

4、vor s Benefits)、傷殘金 (Disability Benefits) 和醫(yī)療福利 (Medicare Benefits) 等。Federal insurance office is set up for the people, working or have worked for himself and his family can participatein, including pension, pension (Retirement Benefits) (Survivor 'sBenefits) (Disability Benef its), disability

5、benefits and health benefits (Medicare Benefits).2、失業(yè)補(bǔ)助金( Unemployment Compensation)2, the unemployment subsidy (Unemployment Compensation)只要是遭辭退失業(yè)的，不管有無積蓄都可申請(qǐng)。一般補(bǔ)助期是6 至 9 個(gè)月，按各州不同情況可能會(huì)有所延長(zhǎng)。As long as the laid-off unemployed, regardless of whether the savings canapply. Generalgrant period is 6 to 9

6、months, according to the different states that may be extended.3、公共援助金(public assistance)- 精品文檔 -精品文檔就在這里- 各類專業(yè)好文檔，值得你下載，教育，管理，論文，制度，方案手冊(cè)，應(yīng)有盡有-3, public assistance (public assistance)專為低收入或無收入的失明者、 老人、殘障者及無收入的家庭而設(shè)。 由州政府按各自生活條件發(fā)放，申請(qǐng)者將接受調(diào)查以證明有申領(lǐng)資格。Designed for low income or no income and blind, elderl

7、y, disabled and no income families.Issued by the state government according to their living conditions, the applicant will be investigated to prove eligibility.4、孕婦與兒童福利4, maternal and child welfare為保護(hù)和增進(jìn)孕婦及兒童的健康而設(shè)，并不分派現(xiàn)金，而是提供健康服務(wù)。For the protection and promotion of maternal and child health, is not

8、 distributablecash, but to provide health services.社會(huì)安全法案是全國性的， 為保障所有人的權(quán)益而設(shè)立。 除公共援助金外， 大部分福利措施是不論貧富人人皆得的。 值得一提的是， 社安局規(guī)定， 領(lǐng)取社會(huì)安全金的人員不一定要住在美國境內(nèi)，以方便生活在海外的退休人士。The social security act is a national, set up to protect the interests of all. In addition to public assistance, the majority of welfare measure

9、s for all irrespective of who have. It is worth mentioning that, the provisions of the social security board, to receive social security payments for personnel do not live in the USA territory, in order to facilitate the retirees living abroad.除了社會(huì)安全法案所包括的上述福利政策之外，美國還有很多涉及生活、工作各個(gè)方面的社會(huì)福利，比較常見的有以下幾類：I

10、n addition to the welfare policy, including the social security act, there are a lotof life, USArelates to all aspects of the work of social welfare, the more common are the following categories:一、工作保險(xiǎn)One, job security1、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金(unemployment Insurance)1, unemployment insurance (unemployment Insurance)失

11、業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金是一種保險(xiǎn)制度。 每月從受保人工資中扣除部分來投保， 受保人一旦失業(yè)即可獲賠，獲賠金額一般是原工資的一半。Unemployment insurance is an insurance system. Monthly wages from the insured to the insured, once the insured unemployment can be compensated, the amount awarded is half of the original salary.2、工人賠償金( Worker s Compensation Program)2, workers

12、' compensation (Worker 's Compensation Program)- 精品文檔 -精品文檔就在這里- 各類專業(yè)好文檔，值得你下載，教育，管理，論文，制度，方案手冊(cè)，應(yīng)有盡有-由雇主向州政府或保險(xiǎn)公司投保， 工人因工受傷即可申領(lǐng)。 具體賠償金額和時(shí)期由雇主所交的保費(fèi)多少而定， 同時(shí)也能報(bào)銷一定的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。 工人賠償金非美籍人士亦可申請(qǐng)， 且不會(huì)影響他日轉(zhuǎn)換身份或入籍。By the employer to the state government or insurance companies, workers can apply for work-rel

13、ated injuries. The specific amount of compensation and pay the premium by the employerduring the period of the number, but also the medicalexpense reimbursement. Workers' compensation non Americans can also apply, and will not affect the future conversion status or citizenship.3、州立傷殘保險(xiǎn)金（ State D

14、isability Insurance）3, state disability insurance (State Disability Insurance)全美只有加州、 紐約州、 新澤西州、 夏威夷和波多黎各設(shè)有此類保險(xiǎn)金，專為因短期疾病暫不能工作的人員而設(shè)。換言之， 受保人在得病期間必須是受雇的， 復(fù)原后重新開始工作，保險(xiǎn)金就停止賠付。The only California, New York, New Jersey, Hawaii and Puerto Rico have such insurance,designed for short-term illness temporarily

15、 unable to work due to the staff. In other words, the insured in the sick must be employed, and begin again the workof restoration, stop lossinsurance.二、生活補(bǔ)助(Public Service for Low Income Persons)Two, living allowance (Public Service for Low Income Persons)1、糧食券 ( Food Stamp)1, food coupons (Food St

16、amp)美國聯(lián)邦農(nóng)業(yè)部撥款給州政府發(fā)放糧食券，只可換取美國出產(chǎn)的農(nóng)作物，不能換取金錢， 以救濟(jì)收入低微的家庭。不過該補(bǔ)助只限美國公民。Ministry of agriculture, the federal funding for the state government USA issued food stamps,only in exchange for American produce, not for money, to the relief of low income families. But the benefit is limited to American citizens.

17、2、學(xué)校提供的廉價(jià)或免費(fèi)膳食(School Lunch Program)2, the school provides a cheap or free diet (School Lunch Program)這是政府為保證學(xué)童的身體健康而設(shè)立的全國性營養(yǎng)膳食計(jì)劃。非美籍人士也可受益。This is the government set up to ensure the health of school children's nutrition diet plan. Non American people can also benefit.3、家居能源補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃(Home Energy Ass

18、istance Program)3, Home Furnishing Energy Assistance Program (Home Energy Assistance Program)專為低收入家庭減輕煤電費(fèi)用而設(shè)，非美籍人士也能享受。能源補(bǔ)助除幫助支付煤電費(fèi)外，還可代為修理暖爐、煤氣管等相關(guān)暖氣設(shè)備。- 精品文檔 -精品文檔就在這里- 各類專業(yè)好文檔，值得你下載，教育，管理，論文，制度，方案手冊(cè)，應(yīng)有盡有-Designed for low income families to reduce the cost of a coal, non Americans can enjoy.Energy

19、 subsidies in addition to help pay the electricity fees, but also to repair the stove, gas pipes and other related heating equipment.4、廉價(jià)公共房屋(Public Low Income Housing)4, cheap public housing (Public Low Income Housing)這項(xiàng)福利有公共房屋、津貼房屋、租金津貼和廉價(jià)屋四種形式，申請(qǐng)人必須年滿62 歲或收入低微，其中一些房屋補(bǔ)助要求同時(shí)滿足這兩個(gè)條件。The welfare of p

20、ublic housing, subsidized housing, rent subsidies and affordablehousing in four forms, the applicant must be 62 years of age or low income, some housing subsidyrequired to meet these two conditions simultaneously.三、 .醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助Three, Medicaid.1、醫(yī)藥補(bǔ)助 (Medicaid)1, medical assistance (Medicaid)不同于醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)， 醫(yī)藥補(bǔ)助是

21、一個(gè)保健計(jì)劃， 專為收入低微的家庭設(shè)立， 可以同時(shí)享受醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，但只限于美國公民。Different from the medical insurance, medical benefits, is a health care plan, designed for low income families to set up, you can also enjoy medical insurance, butonly USA citizens.2、家中照顧計(jì)劃(In Home Support Service)2, home care program (In Home Support Servic

22、e)由聯(lián)邦、州和縣政府聯(lián)合負(fù)擔(dān)，為65 歲以上老人、失明者或殘障人士提供家務(wù)和非醫(yī)務(wù)性的照顧，使得受益人能在家安全地生活，無須住進(jìn)養(yǎng)老院或公共醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。The United States and the federal government, the burdenof housework, provide and non-medical care for the elderly over the age of 65, the blind and the disabled, the beneficiary can live safely in the home, do not live in n

23、ursing homes or public medical institutions.一個(gè)國家的福利制度是個(gè)相當(dāng)龐大而復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，三言兩語很難敘述周到。本文只是給予讀者一個(gè)了解美國社會(huì)福利的平臺(tái)，能使您在做移民或留學(xué)美國的決策時(shí)有一個(gè)參考，僅此而已。A country's welfare system is a huge and complex system, it is difficult to describe in two words or three weeks. This is just to give the reader an understanding of USA soc