1、外文文獻原稿和譯文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistic

2、s is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, rea

3、l storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by br

4、okers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statis

5、tics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party l

6、ogistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention. First, the advantages of using a third-party logistics The use of third-party log

7、istics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of ba

8、sic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve

9、cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by pub

10、lic services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennesseein accordance with the United States,United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs dec

11、lined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cos

12、t advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logis

13、tics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics managementThe purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible t

14、otal cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply p

15、ut, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in cir

16、culation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrate

17、d system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System

18、 means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of

19、 mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach st

20、resses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes. Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics proble

21、ms inWhile third-party logistics company has many advantages,but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to: 1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In parti

22、cular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lac

23、k of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in thecompetition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but com

24、plete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies. 4, the logistics outsourcing

25、has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organ

26、izational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many f

27、actorsAccurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's bus

28、iness and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logi

29、stics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China&#

30、39;s third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, fi

31、nancial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headqu

32、arters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics cent

33、er, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the l

34、ack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughou

35、t the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of

36、logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class netwo

37、rk", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products busin

38、ess, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of enterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain

39、 outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service

40、capabilities.譯文物流已廣泛應用于經濟領域中的英文單詞 “物流”，軍事后勤保障的原意， 在二戰 結束后的第二面。美國物流管理協會物流被定義為： “物流是為滿足消費者的需求， 原料，中間產品，最終產品及相關信息的消費者從一開始就有效流動和儲存，實施和 控制的過程中。”物流由四個主要部分：真正的流量，實時存儲，管理，協調的信息流。物流的主 要功能是創建時間和空間的有效性的主要方式，通過存儲以克服空間距離。第三方物流在物流渠道由經紀人提供的服務， 中間商的合同的形式在一定期限內 的時間要求提供全部或部分物流服務。是為外部客戶管理，控制和提供物流服務的公 司運作的第三方物流公司。據統計，目

41、前在歐洲使用第三方物流服務的比例為76，美國是 58左右，而需求仍在增長，24在歐洲和美國 33的非第三方物流服務用戶正積極考慮使用第三 方物流服務。作為第三方物流提高速度的物流，倉儲成本和財務儲蓄路人成本的有效 手段，已成為越來越備受關注。首先，使用第三方物流的優勢使用第三方物流企業可以帶來很多好處，主要體現在：1，專注于核心業務 制造商可以使用一個第三方物流公司，以達到最佳的資源，有限的人力和財力資源分布集中于自己的核心能量， 注重基本技能的發展， 開發新的產品在世界上的競爭， 并增強企業的核心競爭力的企業。2，節約成本的 專業的第三方物流供應商，大規模生產的專業優勢和成本優勢，通過提供鏈

42、路容 量的利用率，實現節約成本，使企業可以受益于成本結構分離。制造企業擴大營銷服 務任何程度的深入參與，將帶來成本大幅增加，只有使用專業服務，提供公共服務， 以盡量減少額外的損失。田納西大學根據與美國，英國及美國EXEL公司EMS&YOUNG 咨詢公司共同組織了一個調查：很多貨物，使他們能夠使用第三方物流的物流成本平 均下降 1.18 ，貨物平均流量從 7.1 天到 3.9 天，庫存下降 8.2 。3，減少庫存第三方物流服務供應商精心策劃的物流和及時交付手段，最大限度地降低庫存， 提高現金流的企業，以實現成本優勢。4，提升企業形象第三方物流服務提供商與客戶的戰略合作伙伴關系， 利用完備

43、的設施和訓練有素 的工作人員的第三方物流供應商在整個供應鏈實現完全的控制，減少物流的復雜性， 通過自己的網絡，以幫助提高客戶服務，不僅要樹立自己的品牌形象，但也有客戶在 競爭中。二，實施物流管理的目的實施物流管理的目的就是以最低的總成本條件下實現既定水平的客戶服務， 或服 務優勢，尋求成本優勢的一種動態平衡，從而創造有競爭力的企業的戰略優勢。根據 這一目標，物流管理要解決的基本問題，簡單地說，是合適的產品在合適的時間和合 適的地點提供給客戶的數量和合適的價格，以適應。物流管理系統使用的方法來解決這個問題。通常被認為是現代物流運輸，倉儲， 包裝，裝卸，流通加工，配送和信息的所有組成部分。都有自己

44、的原有的功能，利益 和觀念的一部分。系統方法是運用現代管理方法和現代技術，使各方面的信息共享在 一般情況下，作為一個集成系統的組織和管理的所有環節，從而使該系統可以盡可能 低的條件下，總成本，提供有競爭優勢的客戶服務。系統方法，該系統的有效性是不 是他們的各種本地鏈路有效的簡單相加。系統意味著，有一個某些方面的問題，并希 望所有的因素影響的分析和評價。 從物流系統的這種想法是不單純追求對自己在各個 領域，以最低的成本，因為物流的好處之間的聯系，相互影響，相互制約的傾向，有 轉之間的關系漏洞。例如，過分強調包裝材料的節約，它可能會造成的損害，因為他 們容易運輸和處理成本增加。因此，系統的方法，強調有必要開展的總成