1、- 1 -第一篇詞法.2一、 名詞.2二、.11三、.16四、.28五、連詞.45六、介汩 .53七、數(shù)詞.67八、動詞.73第二篇句法.95一、主要句式.95二、定語從句.106三、常見習(xí)慣用語.111四、完形填空與閱讀 .124附錄 .138.138A .138146DEF GP RSTU9 9 2 2 4 4 7 7 0 08 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 00 0 0 0 4 4111111- 2 -第一篇 詞法名詞（一） 知識概要 名詞的概念在不同的語法教課書中有不同的解釋和分類方法，但就實際應(yīng) 用來講還是不要過分地追求其理論概念， 而更多的要把注意力放在其應(yīng)用上來。我們不妨把它分

2、為兩大類：專有名詞與普通名詞。顧名思義，專有名詞是指： 個人、事物、機(jī)關(guān)等所專有的名稱，如，the Great Wall, America它們是不 能隨意變動的。而普通名詞中則包括個體名詞，如pe n, worker它表示單一的個體人或事物；集體名詞，如：family,class，team,它表示的是由若干個個體組 成的集合體；物質(zhì)名詞，如：water,pape它表示的是一種物質(zhì)，原材料；而后一種是抽象名詞，如：work, time它表示著一種在實際生活中看不見、摸不 到，但卻與實際生活緊密相關(guān)的某些動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的抽象概念。見下表。名詞一覽表種類專有名詞London, John, the

3、Communist Party of China普 通 名 詞類名詞 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table 集體名詞 class, family, army,police, team, people 物質(zhì)名詞 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand 抽象名詞happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest 功用主語 My family is now in New York.表語 His father is a scientist.賓語 We love our great mo

4、therland.賓語補足語 He made London the base for his work.定語 The girls are making paper flowesrs.狀語 The car cost him 1000 dollars.同位語 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here.名詞在使用中的難點在于名詞的數(shù)，即可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的實際應(yīng)用。不 可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計算，所以它通常只有單數(shù)形式。它包含有專有名詞、物 質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞等，如：En glish,air,water,cotto n,work可數(shù)名詞是可以用數(shù)量加以計算

5、的名詞，所以它具有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式兩種。可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 的構(gòu)成規(guī)律是：1.一般情況加 s,如：pen pens, docto doctors,boy boys,其讀音規(guī)則是在清輔音后讀s，在元音和濁輔音后讀z。女口 :map map， boy boys.2. 在以 s,sh,ch,x 結(jié)尾的名詞后面力卩 es,如：bus buses,clasclasses 其讀音為iz 良3. 以 ce,se,ze,(d)ge 結(jié)尾的名詞加 s,其讀音為iz。- 3 -4. 以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的名詞，要將 y 變?yōu)?i 再加 es,讀作z,女如：factory factories,country co

6、untries, familyfamilies.但要注意的是以元音字母力卩y 結(jié) 尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加 s,如:boy boys,day day5. 以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般要加 es,但如果 o 前面是元音字母或外來詞，縮寫詞以 o 結(jié)尾的貝 U 只力卩 s，如：tomatotomatoes,herc heroes;photcphotos,radio radios,pia no pia nos6. 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要將 f 或 fe 變?yōu)?v 再加 es,如： knifeknives, leafleaves，但有些例外的詞如 roof 的復(fù)數(shù)形式是 roofs

7、。7. 不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是要單個記憶的，它沒有規(guī)律可循，如：manmen, woman wome n, childchildre n, footfeet,tooth teeth, mouse mice8. 單復(fù)同形的名詞有：fish, sheep,deer 9. 單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有：people,police 穿主格可作主語，賓格可作賓語。還有所有格，用來表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng) 屬關(guān)系。表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加s 其復(fù)數(shù)形式是 s,如其結(jié)尾不是 s 的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加s,如： a students room, students rooms, Childrens Day

8、. 在表示時間、距離、世界、國家.名詞的所有格要用s,如：a twenty minuteswalk.但無生命名詞的所有格則必須用 of 結(jié)構(gòu)，女如： the capital of our country, thecolour of the flowers(二)正誤辨析誤 Please give me a paper.正 Please give me a piece of paper.析不要認(rèn)為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞，這種原因是對英語中可數(shù)與不可 數(shù)名詞的概念與中文中的能數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混淆了，所以造成了這樣的錯誤，因 paper 在英語中是屬于物質(zhì)名詞一類，是不可數(shù)名詞。而不可數(shù)名詞要表達(dá)數(shù)量

9、時，要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來表達(dá)，如：two pieces of paper.誤 Please give me two letter papers.正 Please give me two pieces of letter paper.析paper 作為紙講是不可數(shù)名詞，而作為報紙、考卷、文章講時則是可數(shù)名詞，如： Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.誤 My glasses is broken.正 My glasses are broken.誤I want to buy two shoes.正I want to buy

10、two pairs of shoes.析英語中 glasses-眼鏡，shoes鞋，trousers褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞 一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果要表示一副眼鏡應(yīng)用 a pair of glasses 而這時的謂語動 詞應(yīng)與量詞相一致。如： This pair of glasses is very good.- 4 -誤 May I borrow two radioes?正 May I borrow two radios?析以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞大都是用加 es 來表示其復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果 o 前面是一個 元音字母或外來語時則只加 s 就可以了。這樣的詞有 zoo zoos,piano piano

11、s.誤 This is a Marys dictionary.正 This is Marys dictionary.析如名詞前有指示代詞 this, that, these those 及其他修飾詞 our,some, every,which,或所有格時，則不要再加冠詞。誤 There are much people in the garden.正 There are many people in the garden.析可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用 many, few, a few, a lot of 來修飾，而 people 是可數(shù)名詞，而且是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如： The people are pla nti

12、ng trees here.誤I want a few water.正I want a little water.析不可數(shù)名詞前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some 來修飾，但不可用man y,few 來修飾。誤 Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.正 Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.誤 Toms and Marys family are waiting for us.正 Toms and Marys families

13、are waiting for us.誤Im sorry. I have to go. Toms families are waiting for me.正Im sorry. I have to go. Toms family are waiting for me.析集合名詞如果指某個集合的整體，則應(yīng)視為單數(shù)，如指某個集合體中的 個體則應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:My family is a big family. When I came in, Toms family were watchi ngTV.即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有：family class,team 等。誤 Dont eat

14、 too much meats.正 Dont eat too much meat.誤 Food in that restaura nt is very good.正 The food in that restaura nt is very good.析物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，在使用中不可以加s，即它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于特指某一物質(zhì)時可以加定冠詞。如：I dont likedrinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.誤 Please give me two waters.正 Please give me

15、 two glasses of water.正 Please give me two coffees.折物.質(zhì)名詞如耍加計竝時！一定要加 kU 司，如：two cups of tea,two glasses ofwater,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread,a piece of bread,a box of sugar,- 5 -a bowl of rice,a bottle of oran ge,a bag of earth:列； ril tell you a piece of good n ews.但只有 coffee 可以用 coffees 來取代 many

16、 cups of coffee.誤 Can you give me the newspaper of today?正 Can you give me todays newspaper?析加s 構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物。如：Marys hair,但在英文的習(xí)慣用法中對時間、距離等名詞的所有格多用s 來構(gòu)成而不用 of 結(jié)構(gòu)。如: a five minutes walk.誤 Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.正 Please make room for the lady in the school bus.析英語中更多

17、的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的，如：room 為可數(shù)名詞時為“房間”，如：I live in Room 5.而 room 為抽象名詞 時為空間上面一句話應(yīng)譯為“請給老婦人在校車上留個地方。”這樣的詞還有： glass 玻璃glasses 眼鏡 stone 石頭 a stone 塊石頭 time 時間 two times 兩次 wood 木頭 woods樹林誤 There is a flowers garden behind my house.正 There is a flower garden behind my house.析名詞除了在句中作主語、賓語、表語外，還可以用來修飾另一個名詞，這

18、時作修飾詞的名詞一般要用單數(shù)形式， 如： shoe factory （鞋廠） ,post office （郵 局） ,evening paper 晚報）,night school （夜校）,head master 校長）,a law school （法律 學(xué)院）。但也有例外，如:a goods train（貨車）,sports meeting 運動會）。誤 My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.正 My mother bought two fish for supper this morning.析 英語中有些名詞單復(fù)同形， 如

19、: fish, deer, sheep, Ch in ese 中國人） ,mea ns（方法）。所以應(yīng)講 one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese.如果講 There are fivefishes in the pool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚而不是五條魚。誤 Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.正 Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.析英語中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：tha nks, greens 而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式有不同的詞意。如:clo

20、thes 為衣服，而 cloth 則是布，sand 沙子， 而 sands 是沙灘。誤I offered my son my congratulation on his success.正I offered my son my congratulations on his success.析英語中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式，但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為shake han ds.誤 We have five German in this meeting.正 We have five Germa ns in this meet ing.析英國人 Englishman 的復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Englishm

21、en,而 German 則要加 s，因 為它不是由國名與 man 的組合詞。- 6 -誤 There are two As in this word.正 There are two As in this word.析在大寫字母縮寫形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)法中應(yīng)加s,但如字母是 A、I 時，為了防止與 As 和 Is 相混，則要用s 即 As，Is誤 There are three 6s and two 3s in my teleph one nu mber.正 There are three 6s and two 3s in my teleph one nu mber.析在小寫字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)法

22、中要用 s誤 We have many woman teachers in our school.正 We have many women teachers in our school.析 1 一般組合名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式時只將詞中心同變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)如：half brother half brothers（同父異母或同母異父的兄弟daughter in law daughters in law,（兒媳）但要注意的是：man driver men drivers（男司機(jī)）woman doctor women doctors（女大夫）grown upgrown ups 成年人）但是 boy student貝

23、 U 變?yōu)?boy students誤 Physics are very difficult to learn.正 Physics is very difficult to learn.析雖以 s 結(jié)尾但只能用作單數(shù)名詞有：科學(xué)，學(xué)科名字：Physics. Mathematicspolitics 游戲名稱：bowls 專有名稱：Niagara Falls（尼亞加拉瀑布）其他名詞： news（消肖息，新聞）誤 There is a people in the room.正 There is a person in the room.正 There is a man in the room.析pe

24、ople 是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不可用作單數(shù)，如要用來講一個人時應(yīng)用 a person, a man,a woma n。 同樣的詞有 police.要講一個警察時貝 U 要用 a policema n, a policewoma n。誤 Where is my shoe?正 Where are my shoes?析 常常只用作復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞有 trousers, pants, shorts 短褲） ，socks （襪子） ,shoes,gloves （手套） 。 但如果只找其中的一個則要指明， 這時還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。 如：Wheresmy left glove?俄左手的手套在哪？）誤I paid five

25、 pennies for the sweet.正I paid five pence for the sweet.析英語中便士有兩個復(fù)數(shù)形式penee 用來表達(dá)一定數(shù)量的錢。而 pennies是指一個個的硬幣，女口： I want to change this note for pennies 我想把這紙幣換成 硬幣。（即一便士一個的硬幣）。誤 There are many fruit in the shop.正 There are many fruits in the shop.析物質(zhì)名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但是用來表示種類時則可以用作可數(shù)名詞，這里應(yīng)譯為各和各樣的水果。誤 There is a n

26、ew car. It is Jones and Marys.- 7 -正 There is a new car. It is Jone and Marys.析有生命名詞的所有格，如果是單數(shù)名詞則加 s 如：Marys car.如果是以 s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則只在 s 后面加如：teachers offices.如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞但不是 以 s 結(jié)尾， 則只加s,如： childrens palace 組合名詞的所有格是在最后一個詞 尾力 s 如: girlfriend girl frien ds some one else some one elses a week or three a week o

27、rthrees 如名詞后有同位語時， 則應(yīng)加在同位語的詞尾上， 女口：It is my girl friend, Maryscar.要注意的是當(dāng)兩個名詞并列時， 如表示歸兩人共同所有，則在最后一個名詞后面加s,如果表示分別所有則在兩個名詞后分別加S 如：This is Mary and Jones home.卩 Mary 與 Jone 是一家人。 這是他們共同的家。 而 Theseare Marys and Jones home 則應(yīng)譯為這里是 Mary 的家與 Jone 的家。誤It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature.正It is rea

28、lly beautiful. It is a Natures work.析無生命名詞的所有格應(yīng)用 of 結(jié)構(gòu)。但是s 形式的所有格可用于以下無生 命的名詞：表示時間的詞：todays n ewspaper, a twenty mi nutes walk, an hours,rest 表示長度的詞：three metres distanee, a boats lengt，twenty miles journey 表示重量的名詞：two pounds weight 價格名詞：two dollarsworth 擬人化的名詞：Natureswork, natures lesson 大自然的教訓(xùn)）及國家

29、、機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、城市等機(jī)構(gòu) 性名詞：theuniversitys library誤 He is an old friend of my father.正 He is an old friend of my fathers.析這是英語中的一種習(xí)慣用法而不要根據(jù)語法去推理。女口：This pen is Toms.誤 My father is a good cooker.正 My father is a good cook.析一般動詞加上 er 后則轉(zhuǎn)意為執(zhí)行該動作的執(zhí)行者，如:teach（教）teacher 老師）,think（想）一 thinker（思想家）,drive（開車）一 driver（司

30、機(jī)）,sell（賣）一 seller（賣物者）但不能總是以此類推，比如 cook 是動詞“做飯”。而 cook也 可作為名詞“廚師”講，而 cooker 則為廚具，餐具，即鍋、碗、勺等做飯用具。誤 The young is dancing there.正 The young are dancing there.析英文中用定冠詞加上形容詞表示一類人時應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞，女口： the rich 富人，the poor（窮人）,the wise 聰明人，但如果用定冠詞加形容詞來表示事物則要 用作單數(shù)名詞，如：The beautiful is still here.美麗的風(fēng)景依舊。誤 The storie

31、s of the book was written many years ago.正 The stories of the book were written many years ago.析這句話的真正主語應(yīng)是 stories,所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。誤 This is one of the English Chinese dictionary.正 This is one of the English Chinese dictionaries.析one of 意為“. 之一”，of 后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。誤 Lets go to uncle Wang for supper.- 8 -正 Le

32、ts go to uncle Wangs for supper.析uncle Wangs 意為“王叔叔家” ,doctors 意為“醫(yī)院或私人診所”。誤 I think we will make a friend with each other.正 I think we will make friends with each other.析make friends 為習(xí)慣用法，即交朋友。誤 I want to tell you much pieces of good news.正 I want to tell you many pieces of good news.析news 為不可數(shù)名詞，

33、但加了量詞之后則要用 many 來修飾量詞，因量詞是可數(shù)名詞，或可以說 I want to tell you some good news 因 some 即可用在可數(shù) 名詞前，也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前作形容詞，如：I want to tell you some pieces of good news.誤 The teacher with five students are coming here.正 The teacher with five students is coming here.析要注意由 with 引出的介詞短語不是本句的主語，這與連詞 and 有很大的 區(qū)別，如：The teach

34、er and five students are coming here 這里由介詞弓丨出的短語 僅僅是teacher 的修飾語。誤 There are a lot of information here, but we dont need them.正 There is a lot of information here, but we dont need it.析 information 為不可數(shù)名詞，而用作代替它的詞要用 it 而不能用 them.誤 Many a student make the same mistake in the exam.正 Many a student mak

35、es the same mistake in the exam.析many a 加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語時其謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，但其意為許多學(xué)生。誤 The children wear very good cloth to go to school today.正 The children wear very good clothes to go to school today.析英文中 cloth,clothes,clothing 是易混之詞：cloth 是物質(zhì)名詞，意為“布”， 沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，而 clothing 是指衣物的總稱，也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes 是指衣 服，但沒有單數(shù)形式，

36、 如： This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made offine cloth.英文中的dress則指較正規(guī)的服裝， 如： a school dress校服， an eve ning dress晚禮服。誤 I like to study the English.正 I like to study English.析作為一種學(xué)科名詞前不要用冠詞， 而作為某一特指學(xué)科則要加冠詞， 如：I like to study history. I like to study the history of America.誤 T

37、he Browns is going to visit China.正 The Brow ns are going to visit Ch ina.析定冠詞加姓加 s，則意為“Brown 先生一家人”。所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。此句應(yīng)譯為：Brown 先生一家將要訪問中國。（三）例題解析1. Lucy and Lily_ in the same class.A.am B. is C. are D. be- 9 -答案C.析由 and 連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞來搭配謂語動詞。2. Which is the_ to the bus stop please?A road B way C st

38、reet D address答案B.析這是考察同意詞辨析，road 是指較寬闊的大道，意為“鄉(xiāng)間公路”，而 street意為道路兩邊的建筑物較高，可視為街道之意，而way 則多為要到達(dá)某地所要經(jīng)過的途徑，還可引深為方式、方法。而 address 則為“地址”。女口： Thereis a car running along the country road. I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me theway to the Nati onal Museum?3. Hurry up!There is_ time left.A little B a l

39、ittle C few D a few答案A.析因 time 作為時間講為不可數(shù)名詞，所以不可用 few, a few 來修飾。另外， 英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同，中文講，快點，時間不多了，而英文要講，快點， 沒時間了。因此，要用 little 而不用 a little.4. How many_ can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato答案B.析用 How many 提問時，其名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，而 tomato 的復(fù)數(shù)要加 es.5. _is the meat. Please? Ten yua n a

40、 kilo.A How much B How many C How old D How long答案A.析由對話的答語可看出其問句問的是價格。錢數(shù)作為整體、價格講時，不 論其值是多少都是不可數(shù)名詞，要用how much 提問。6 The boys n ame is James Alle n Gree n. So his give n n ame is . A James Allen BAllen Green C James Green D Mr. GreenA.析英文的習(xí)慣與中文不同，中文是姓在前名字在后，而英文則是姓在最后， 其第一個名字是由父母所起的，中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起的，但都

41、可 稱作 givenname 而姓在英文中是 family name.7Shan ghai is one of the biggest_ in our coun try.A city B citys C citys D citiesD.析復(fù)音字母以 y 結(jié)尾的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要把 y 變成 i 再加 eso one of 加名 詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。8 Would you please pass me ?A two paperB two papers- 10 -C two pieces of paper D two pieces of papersC.析paper 是不可數(shù)名詞，如講一張、兩

42、張紙時，要用量詞piece.9 September 10th is_ Day.A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D TeachersD.10I only have_ bread for lunch today.A a bit B a bit of C little D few答案B.11“What would you like, Ann? ” “ Id like two_A glass of milk B glasses of milkC glass of milks D glasses of milksB.12 There isnt_ paper in the

43、box. Will you go and get_ for me?A any, someB any, any C some, some D some, anyA.析any 用于否定句與疑問句，但如果要表達(dá)說話者真心實意希望得到肯定 答復(fù)時，問句中要用 some 而不要按一般語法規(guī)律用 an y.13 June 1st is_.A Childre ns day B childre ns DayC Childre ns DayD childre ns day答案C.14 These foreig n friends are_.A Germa n BGerme nCGerma nyD Germa n

44、s答案D.15 All the students are busy, so_ of them will go to the cinema.Ama nyB little C a few D fewD.析student 是可數(shù)名詞，而 few 用于可數(shù)名詞，意為：幾乎沒有學(xué)生去電影 院。16 There are three_ and seven_ in the picture.A deers, sheeps B deers, sheepC deer, sheep Ddeer, sheepsC.析deer 與 sheep 均是單復(fù)同形的名詞。17 Whose room is this? Its_.A

45、 myB Kikes and Joh nsC our D Kike and Joh ns答案D.析因為 room 為單數(shù)，所以不可能是 Kike 的一間與 John 的一間，應(yīng)為二者 共用的一間房子。- 11 -二、冠詞（一）知識概要冠詞在英語中只有 3 個詞，分為兩類：不定冠詞 a 與 an,定冠詞 the。a 用在 以輔音開始的單數(shù)名詞前，an 用于以元音開始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來表示一 類事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個或某些事物，可用于 不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。（二）正誤辨析誤 This building is an university.正 This

46、 building is a university.析a 用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前，而 an 用于以元音音素開始的單詞前， 而不是元音字母開頭的單詞前。university 的第一個音素是j ，所以用 a 而不 要用 an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是錯句，應(yīng)為： There is an “n” in the word.因字母 n 的發(fā)音的第一個音素是元音。 要注意的還有 hour 因其第一 個字母 h 不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用 an hour。例如：I n eed an hour to finish the work.It is a useful dicti o

47、n ary.It is a Europea n coun try.I bought a used car.誤I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.正I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.析因 umbrella 的第一個音素是元音，所以應(yīng)用 an 常用的情況有：an old man,an En glish teacher, an elepha nt, an idea, an hour ago, an hon est boy誤“Can you help me“Sorry, Im i

48、n hurry.”正“Can you help me“Sorry. Im in a hurry.”析不定尅詞的丄耍用法如下：1. 用來表示一類人或事物，如： She is a teacher.2. 指某一類人或事物中的一個，如：An elepha nt is bigger than a horse.3. 泛指某一人或事物，如： A man is wait ing for you at the school gate.4. 相當(dāng)于“ one” 的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.5. 其主要的難點是用在固定詞組中：女口： have a walk/a rest

49、 /a look又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙make a face 作鬼臉do somebody a favour 幫某人忙 a nu mber of =ma ny 又如：have a good time 玩得好）have a cold 感冒） have a headache 頭痛） have a break=have a rest誤I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.正I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.析在文章中

50、第一次提劍某物時用不定尅詞，而第二次提到時用定過同 C- 12 -誤 Please turn off lights before you leave.正 Please turn off the lights before you leave.析 1 雖然是第一次提劍某物但說話雙方均知其所指也應(yīng)用定剋詞誤 There are nine planets around a sun.正 There are nine planets around the sun.析世上獨一無二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，女口：the earth, the moon, the sun,the sky, the sea.誤I

51、 live on a second floor of this building.正I live on the second floor of this building.析在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前要用定冠詞。女口： He is the oldest in the family.誤I want to learn the second Ianguage this term.正I want to learn a second Ianguage this term.析在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其意在于再學(xué)一個，再來一 個時，應(yīng)用 a,本句的意思應(yīng)為：這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門第二外語。誤 Miss

52、issippi is one of the Iongest rivers in the world.正 The Mississippi is one of the Iongest rivers in the world.析在河流名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the Yellow River（黃河）。誤 Look, there are Alp.誤 Look, there are the Alp.正 Look, there are the Alps.析具體的某一座山不加定冠詞，如： Mountain Tai.但在山名稱前加定冠詞后， 其山名要加 s， 來表示山脈。 the Alps 即為阿爾卑斯山脈。 如

53、:The Alps are in the center of Europe.誤 Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.正 The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.析報刊名稱前應(yīng)加定尅詞 c誤 Rich are not always happy.正 The rich are not always happy.析在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類人，而在姓的前面加定冠詞，姓后加示某一家，如： The turners are going to move to New York

54、.誤I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.正I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.F 門物質(zhì)名詞特指時也應(yīng)加定迪詞 C誤 The sun rises in east.正 The sun rises in the east.析在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞，女口： in the east, in the west, in the north, in thesouth, in the

55、 directi on 及 in the past, i n the future誤 Do you know who inven ted teleph one正 Do you know who inven ted the teleph one析在特定和專冇事物或名稱前耍加定逋詞,- 13 -如：the English Channel 英吉利海峽the Pan ama Ca nal 巴拿馬運河the Suez Ca nal 蘇伊士運河誤 Would you please buy some food for the supper正 Would you please buy some food fo

56、r supper析泛指一口二餐前無定迪詞。誤I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.正I like to climb the mountain in autumn.析 一年四季前不用定冠詞，如：Spri ng is the best seas on in a year.誤 Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.正 Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.析有些名詞被用作其本身原來所含目的時不加冠詞， 女口： go to school 上

57、學(xué)，leave school 輟學(xué)），after school（放學(xué)），但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時應(yīng)加冠詞，如例句 中其父母來校不是上學(xué)，而是看望孩子，則要加定冠詞。又如，He was in hospital for twodays.（他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了。）而：He went to the hospital to see his mother. 他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。誤I bought a same dictionary as she bought.正I bought the same dictionary as she bought.析在慣用法 the same, the only, the ver

58、y 前的定冠詞不可換為不定冠詞。誤 The police caught the thief by his arm.正 The police caught the thief by the arm.析這是英文表達(dá)法與中文的明顯不同之處，也是初學(xué)者極易忽視之處。在英語中的某些動詞，如: catch（抓），take（拿），strike（打）,pat（拍）,hit（擊）,hold（握）， pull（拉）動詞后應(yīng)加人，再加介詞 on, by, in, with之后要加定冠詞，再加人體 的某一部位。這時的定冠詞千萬不要換作 his, her, their,等詞。誤 He was paid by hour.

59、正 He was paid by the hour.析by 和計量單位之間要有定冠詞。這句話應(yīng)譯為：他的工資是按小時計算的。誤I went to New York by his car.正I went to New York by car.正I went to New York in his car.析by 僅僅與交通工具相連表示應(yīng)用某種工具，而加了別的修飾詞后其前面的介詞也應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：by car （坐小汽車）by taxi （坐出租車）by bike （騎自行車）by water （乘船）by air （乘飛機(jī)）by sea 乘船）誤 Mary began to learn how

60、 to play piano when she was three.正 Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three.析 在樂器前要加定冠詞， 而在球類游戲之前則不要加冠詞， 女口：They like to playbridge when they are free.他們空閑時愛打橋牌）- 14 -誤 The little boy wan ted to go to ci nema.正 The little boy wan ted to go to the ci nema.析英語中雖有一些名詞與 go to 連用時不加定