1、定語從句中關系代詞與介詞連用的句型練習簡易的定語從句不難解決,但一些包含介詞的定語從句卻使很多學生感到十分困難。其實,有一個既簡單,又行之有效的方法,可以巧妙地判斷關系代詞前用什么介詞。請看下面幾個句子:1. The tower is 40 metres, on the top _ which we can see the whole city.2. The fox _ which the chicks were killed was shot.3. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, _ which more than

2、 ten bridges have been built.4. The building _ which he has lived for many years will be turned down.5. The man, _ whom I learned the news, is an engineer.6. Those spades _ which we had planted trees went out of use.7. The village has a big tree _ which the villagers often have meetings.8. His naugh

3、ty grandson has taken away his glasses, _ which the old man can see nothing.9. That is the question _ which the class will have a discussion.10. It rained all night and all day, _ which time the ship broke into pieces.從上面十個句子可以看出,每個關系代詞前面都應填上一個介詞,但到底應填什么介詞呢?方法很簡單,只要把原來的定語從句變成兩個獨立的簡單句,這時就不難發現第二個句子里面包

4、含著什么介詞。現在先把上面十個句子分別變成下列對應的十組句子:1. The tower is 40 metres. On the top of the tower, we can see the whole city.2. The fox was shot. The chicks were killed by the fox.3. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.More than ten bridges have been built over the river.4. The building will be tu

5、 rned down. Hes lived in the building for many years.5. The man is an engineer. I learned the news from the man.6. Those spades went out of use. we had planted trees went with the spades.7. The village has a big tree. The villagers often have meetings under the tree.8. His naughty grandson has taken

6、 away his glasses.The old man can see nothing without the glasses.9. That is the question . The class will have a discussion about the question.10. It rained all night and all day. The ship broke into pieces during the time.Key: of; by; over; in; from; with; under; without; about; during一、限定性定語從句1.

7、that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它們在從句中作主語或賓語,that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞,which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且,如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語,注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊,但有的則放在它原來的位置1 The first doll say “mama”was invented in 1830.Athat it couldBcould itCit couldDthat could2 A solar day is the length of time the Earth to revolve o

8、nce around the Sun.AtakesBtakes itCwhich takesDhe takes3 The period during when Apeople learned Bto melt iron is called Cthe DIron Age.2. which作賓語時,根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系,先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟4 The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, he sailed round the treacherous Cape Horn.AwhereB

9、of whichCduring whichDthat5 To travel from England to Hope Corn had taken him nine months, the sailing time was 226 days. He had done what he wanted to accomplish.AwhenBwhichCof whichDthat3. 代表物時多用which,但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which,這些詞包括all, anything, much等,這時的that常被省略(見本節“四、關系代詞的省略”4. who和whom引導的從句用來修飾

10、人,分別作從句中的主語和賓語,whom作賓語時,要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語6 Henry Ford is the person Awhich Bis most responsible Cfor developing Dthe idea of mass production.7 Human beings are social Aanimals whom Busually prefer not to live in Cphysical or psychological isolation D.5. where是關系副詞,用來表示地點的定語從句8 The Everglades is

11、a beautiful region of southern Florida the primitive past mingles with modern life.AthereBwhereCafterDin9 The knee is the joint the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.AwhenBwhereCwhyDwhich10 A metropolitan region Ais defined as a central Bcity and the territory where C surrounds Dit.6.

12、 when引導定語從句表示時間11 The next morning he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery.AasBwhenCbecauseDthat12 In a day few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, a

13、nd waiters.AwhoseBduringCwhenDof13 Moreover, in the modern age human beings depend so much on machines, he had given men throughout the world new pride.AwhenBwhetherCmoreDever注值得一提的是,表示時間“time”一詞的定語從句只用when引導,有時不用任何關系代詞,當然也不用that引導By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two w

14、eeks. /I still remember the first time I met her. /Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是關系代詞,修飾名詞作定語,相當于所修飾成分的前置所有格14 There was a teapot fashioned like a China duck out of open mouth the tea was supposed to come.Awhi

15、chBitsCthatDwhose15 Jackir Mcleanss recordings have shown that he is one of the few Ajazz musicians who B style of playing Chas kept pace with the evolution Dof modern jazz.8. 當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything 或nothing時,常用there is來引導16 I don't wan

16、t to concentrate on anything worrying me.Awhat isBthere isCwhatDthere二、非限定性定語從句:非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明,通常和主句間用逗號隔開,將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分2. 在引導限定性定語從句時,that有時相當于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way tha

17、t(in which attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對白日做夢的態度正在改變,這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。I like the music for the very reason that(for which he dislike it. 我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂,而他恰恰與我相反。We arrived the day that(on which they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。3. 有時as也可用作關系代詞4. 在非限定性定語從句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用whic

18、h代表事物17 Ligaments(韌帶,hold organs of the body in place and fasten bones together.Awhich are fibrous tissuesBthey are fibrous tissuesCfibrous tissues thatDare fibrous tissues18 The Little White House in Warm Springs was the Georgia home of President Franklin D. Roosevelt,there on April 12,1945.Awho di

19、edBdiedCwhile diedDhe died19 The first United States citizen to become Aa professional Bsculptor was Patience Lovell Wright,which Cworks were executed in wax D.三、定語從句結構錯誤1. 缺關系詞20 The adder is a snake has Aa relatively Bstout body,a short tail C,and a flat head D.2. 從句中缺成分21 Traditionally,ethnograph

20、ers and linguists have paid Alittle attention to cultural interpretations given to Bsilence,or to Cthe types of social contexts in which tends Dto occur.四、連接代詞的省略22 Most crocodiles will eat anything capture and overpower.AcanBthey canCwhich canDand五、例題解析1 D為正確答案。本句中的主句為“The first doll was invented i

21、n 1830”,“that could say mama”為定語從句，修飾主句中的名詞(主語“the first doll”。 2 C 為正確答案。 3 A 錯。 during 是介詞， 它后面的關系代詞只能用 which(指人除外， which 在此處指代“the period”， 定語從句為“during which peopleiron”，修飾主句的主語“the period”。 4 C 為正確答案。 5 C 為正確答案。 6 B 錯。改用 who，which 只能指物，指人時應用 who，本句的定語從句修飾 the person，關系代 詞 who 在從句中作主語。本句也可改用 tha

22、t，因為 that 也可用來指人，它可在從句中作主語或賓 語，但 which 則只能指“物”。 7 B 錯。應改用 who，因為這里所指代的是“human beings”，而且在從句中作主語，而 whom 只 能用來作賓語。 8 B 為正確答案。空白后是一個定語從句，從句中主謂賓齊全，關系副詞 where 指代上面表示地 點的名詞 region(地方，地區，相當于 in which，即 in the region，在從句中作地點狀語。 9 B 對。空白后為定語從句，從句中的主謂賓語都已齊全，where 作從句中的地點狀語，相當于 in the joint，整個從句修飾“the joint”。

23、10 C 錯。改為 which 或 that。這里是一個定語從句，修飾前面的 the territory(區域，雖然被修飾 成分表示一個地點，但若用 where 代替 in the territory 在從句中作地點狀語，從句中便沒有了主 語，這顯然不對。改用 which 后，便可由它作從句中的主語，代 the territory；從句中的 it 代上文 中的 a central city。 11 B 為正確答案。 12 C 為正確答案。 13 A 為正確答案。 14 D 為正確答案。這里 whose 修飾名詞短語“open mouth，” 這時“whose open mouth”一起作介 詞“of”的賓語。 15 B 錯。who 應當在定語從句中作主語，而從句中已有主語 style of playing(演奏風格，故應將 who 改為 whose，用 whose 修飾 style，指代上文中的人名，相當于 his。 16 B 為正確