1、Module 4 CarnivalGrammarDo you remember these sentences？1. A man is hurt badly. 2. Her lost books were usually returned to the library.3. It must be called a pen.Who wrote this book?Mark Twain wrote this book.=This book _by Mark Twain.was written被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài):表示主語是動(dòng)作的be +動(dòng)詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞過去分詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：1. It i

2、s produced in China.2. The tradition was revived by students承受者例如：被動(dòng)語態(tài)常見注意問題被動(dòng)語態(tài)常見注意問題注意一：注意一：使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的場(chǎng)合使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的場(chǎng)合 1.不知道或不必指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如:（1）Computers are widely used in transport. （2）The house has been broken into2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。如：A third ring will be built around this city.3. 出于策略、婉轉(zhuǎn)、禮貌等不提動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如：Much ha

3、s been said but little has been done about the issue.4.有些措詞故意避免用主語，或用“有人”、“大家”之類，經(jīng)常用it作形式主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：It is said that another steel plant will be set up in this city. 特別記住下列句型：特別記住下列句型：It is hoped that 希望It is supposed that 據(jù)推測(cè)說It must be pointed out that 必須指出It will be seen that 由此可以看出It is known t

4、hat 據(jù)說It is well known that 眾所周知It is believed that 有人相信It is thought that 人們認(rèn)為 注意二：注意二：“be + 過去分詞” 并非都是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，系動(dòng)詞 be, feel, seem, look等詞后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語用，表示某種狀態(tài)。例如：1. Im interested in mathematics.2. He seems unsatisfied with his work.3. Tom was surprised at the news. 注意三：注意三：某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)來表示被動(dòng)含某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語

5、態(tài)來表示被動(dòng)含義義 lock, open, shut, move, read, sell, wash, write等動(dòng)詞,用來說明主語的性質(zhì)特征而不強(qiáng)調(diào)被執(zhí)行者的動(dòng)作時(shí),用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,且常與not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副詞連用。如:1. The door doesnt open easily.2. Bikes of that kind hardly sell.1. need, want, require等動(dòng)詞以及形容詞worth后面,常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式,用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。如:This dictionary is well

6、worth buying.2. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容詞后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式,用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義,并且該不定式與句子的主語須具備邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如:What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.注意四：注意四：3.不定式作定語,其邏輯主語是句子的主語、間接賓語或說話人時(shí),用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如:She has an old grandfather to look after.4.“主語系動(dòng)詞to do”結(jié)構(gòu)也是主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義, 主要用于“sth. be to l

7、et / rent”或“sb. be to blame”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:Its not my fault. She is to blame.一般情況下，及物動(dòng)詞才能構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但有些不及物動(dòng)詞組成短語后，也可構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 1. He was looked down upon because of his egoism. （自私自利）2. The children were taken good care of in the orphanage.注意五：注意五：Exercise:Put the following sentences into passive voice1. Today, peo

8、ple in Venice celebrate carnival for five days in February.2. The government will build more roads to solve the problem of traffic jams.Today, carnival is celebrated in Venice for five days in February.More roads will be built to solve the problem of traffic jams by the government.1)Jackson to work

9、in a government office though he hated serving there.A. had wanted B. wantedC. was wanted D. was wanting2) -Did you enjoy last nights concert? -Yes, though the last piece rather poor. A. played B. was played C. was playing D. playingCB3) Come and sit down by the fire. You hands . A. feel so cold B.

10、is felt so cold C. fell so coldly D. felt so cold4) Great changes in our city and some schools during the past 20 years. A. have taken place; have set up B. were take place; were set up C. have bee taken place; have been set up D. have taken place; have been set upAD5)The thief while climbing the garden wall.A. has ca