1、高一語(yǔ)法（一） 定語(yǔ)從句 （2007/9/7）定義：在復(fù)合句中用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞（這個(gè)名詞或代詞在英語(yǔ)中叫先行詞）的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。 定語(yǔ)從句常見的引導(dǎo)詞是：that, which who, whom, whose, when, where, why及.as九個(gè) 定語(yǔ)從句必須從 先行詞，成份 ，引導(dǎo)詞 三要素著手 引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略 what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 / sth that =what all that =what 一、 當(dāng)?shù)谝灰亍跋刃性~”是指代物的名詞或代詞時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that 或which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)e.g. A plane is a ma

2、chine (that / which can fly.) 物 作從句中的主語(yǔ) The noodles (that / which I cooked )were delicious.物 作從句中的賓語(yǔ)（可省略）二、 當(dāng)?shù)谝灰叵刃性~是指代人的名詞或代詞時(shí),用that 或 who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，用that /who/whom 在定語(yǔ)從句中代替賓語(yǔ) e.g. The foreigner( that/who visited our school yesterday) is from Canada.作從句中的主語(yǔ) The girl (that/who/whom you saw yesterday)

3、 is Jims sister. 作從句中的賓語(yǔ)（可以省略）三、 關(guān)于定語(yǔ)從句中可以作介詞賓語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞只有引導(dǎo)詞which ，whom才可在定語(yǔ)從句中直接跟在某一介詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)。 e.g. The athlete( to whom you talked) is a famous runner. 介詞 只用whom不用who 代人athleteThis is the room( in (介詞) which he lived 3 years ago.) (其中in which 可以用where換，)但介詞也可留在原詞組中，上句也可如下表示：The athlete (that/who/whom y

4、ou talked to )is a famous runner.This is a room (that/which he lived in 3 years ago.)注：常見的不可分拆的詞組有：take care of , look after, look for, catch up with, keep up with look out for ,catch sight of etc.四、 當(dāng)?shù)谝灰叵刃性~是指人或物的名詞或代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中修飾別的名詞時(shí)都用whose 來(lái)代替人或物，意為“他（們）的，或它（們）的”在從句中作定語(yǔ)。e.g. This is a door (whose c

5、olor is brown). 代替了“門的 ”修飾color 在從句中作定語(yǔ) Harry is the boy( whose mother is our maths teacher.) / Harry is the boy, the mother of whom is our maths teacher . 代替“男孩的” 修飾mother 在從句中作定語(yǔ)/Harry is the boy ,of whom the mother is our maths teacher.稍難例句The child was saved by a man ,the name of whom/whose name

6、/of whom the name was unknown.There are 54 students in our class, 25 of whom are girls /相當(dāng)于 of whom 25 are girls.The Greens have two daughters, both of whom /of whom both are college students. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days./ /相當(dāng)于

7、/the sailing time of which was226days或 226days of which was the sailing time./注意以下句子: (多樣化例句)The beggar has no money with which he can buy food . /The beggar has no money which /that he can buy food with .The beggar has no money with which to buy food.( 引導(dǎo)詞后直接跟了不定式短語(yǔ))/The beggar has no money to buy

8、food with The peasants built some stores in which to store their grain. （可以模仿以上例句舉一反三）五、 在有些定語(yǔ)從句中常只能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而不能用who/whom/which與它互換。1 當(dāng)?shù)谝灰叵刃性~中既有人又有物時(shí)e.g. I still remember the school and the teachers (that he mentioned yesterday.)2. 當(dāng)?shù)谝灰叵刃性~是指物的不定代詞 如anything , all , everything, much, something.

9、(sth that =what all that =what)e.g. All (that /can be done) has been done（能做的一切都做了） /What can be done has been doneI can do all (that )/what I can to help you. that可省因?yàn)樗诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be/Jack is no longer what he used to be .Shanghai is no loner what it used

10、to be /Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. .3 當(dāng)?shù)谝灰叵刃性~中帶有the only, the very 修飾物時(shí) e.g. He was the only person（ that knew about the secret.） 4. 當(dāng)?shù)谝灰叵刃性~中有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)時(shí) e.g. This is the first book (that) I have bought. This is the best film (that )I have ever seen 5. 以疑問詞who, which 開頭的疑問句

11、為避免重復(fù)Who is the boy（ that is talking to our headmaster?）Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this ?六、 一般只能用who的搭配anyone who , he who, anybody who, Anyone who /He who /Whoever doesnt reach the great wall is not a true man. 注意下句的先行詞和主句的謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)He is the only one of the teachers wh

12、o /that knows French in our school. He is one of the teachers who/that know French in our school.七、 當(dāng)?shù)谝灰叵刃性~是指時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞一般用when，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 e.g. I still remember the day ( when I first came to Beijing.)表時(shí)間的名詞 作從句中的狀語(yǔ)“在那天”八、 當(dāng)?shù)谝灰叵刃性~是指地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞一般用where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 e.g. The factory (

13、where his father works )is in the west of the city.表地點(diǎn)的名詞 作從句中狀語(yǔ)“在那家工廠” case ,point situation ，scene 等是表示地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，其后的定語(yǔ)從句常常用where引導(dǎo)九、 當(dāng)?shù)谝灰叵刃性~是reason 時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞一般用why (the reason why) 在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。 e.g. There are several reasons( why we cant do that).*但并非看到先行詞是指時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞及reason 時(shí)，就馬上用引導(dǎo)詞when ,where

14、or why ,要看在定語(yǔ)從句中缺少了什么成份，如果第一要素“先行詞”的確是時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞及reason，就立刻分析第二要素“成份”，如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺少了成份主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，這時(shí)只能把先行詞第一要素時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞及reason，看作指物的名詞，然后選擇第三要素“引導(dǎo)詞”用that/which 而不能如例句“五，六， 七”中用when ,where, or why .e.g. I still remember the day (that/which we spent (度過) together ) last summer. 表時(shí)間的名詞 在定語(yǔ)從句中作spent的賓語(yǔ)故不用when The fa

15、ctory (that / which we visited last week) is my fathers.表地點(diǎn)的名詞 在定語(yǔ)從句中作visit 的賓語(yǔ)，故不用where The reason (that /which was given by him) was right.表原因 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故不用why*還要注意典句 The reason is that 是表語(yǔ)從句eg. The reason is that he has difficulty in learning English . The reason (why he is late for school) is th

16、at he missed the early train. 以上所舉例子全部為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，主從句之間無(wú)逗號(hào)分開，因此，如果主從句之間有逗號(hào)隔開，后面的從句即被稱為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)詞that是永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。e.g. Dinner starts with a small fish, which (不用that) is called a starter .Yesterday I met LiPing , who(不用that) look very tired. 十引導(dǎo)詞As 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常在such .as, the same as ， asas結(jié)構(gòu)中 ，as在定語(yǔ)從

17、句作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 Such a boy (as you referred to just now) is too curious. I have the same reference book ( as was described in the lecture .) I have as many books as you (have) 區(qū)別下列兩組句子。 This is the same book( as he bought yesterday .) ( 同一種書) This is the same book( that he bought yesterday.)( 同一本書) He is s

18、uch a lovely boy as we all like. (定語(yǔ)從句中作like 的 賓語(yǔ)) He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.（ 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 十一， As 也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 但要區(qū)別which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。1 As 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,可以放在句首，或句中， 謂語(yǔ)常是 expect, know, hope , realize ,see, understandEg. He stands out of the crowd in music, as everybody can see. = As everybo

19、dy can see, he stands out of the crowd in music2. As 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,不用于否定句。而which可以。 Eg. He took the first place, which we didnt expect.which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在句中，且主從句之間常有因果關(guān)系。 Eg. You saved my life, which I will never forget. 因 果十 二，注意先行詞way ,time后的定語(yǔ)從句1. 當(dāng)先行詞是way意為“方式， 方法”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有三種形式。What surprised m

20、e was not what he said but the way in which/that / 不填 he said it.注意下面兩個(gè)句子中關(guān)系詞的不同，試比較The way in which/that /不填 he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.他向我們解釋句子的那種方法不難理解。The way ( that /which /不填 ) (he explained to us was quite simple.(作explained的賓語(yǔ))他向我們解釋的那種方法很簡(jiǎn)單。2 先行詞是time時(shí)，若

21、time 是“次數(shù)”時(shí)， 應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，that可省略；若time作“一段時(shí)間”講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或介詞at/during+which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：This is the second time (that) the president has visited the country.（表第幾次時(shí)，必須用完成時(shí)）I could hardly remember how many times (that) Ive failed.This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephon

22、es or no TV sets. Attributive clauses 定語(yǔ)從句 綜合一練）（2007/9/20）定語(yǔ)從句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明：Which僅表示“這件事，這（個(gè)/點(diǎn)）”等，相當(dāng)于and that 或and this;as 表示“正如/正象/這一點(diǎn)。”等as常引導(dǎo)肯定的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。否定的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則用which。在下列一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，用as不用which:As we (all) know, as is well known, （眾所周知）as we (all) can see, as you say,as is said/mentioned above, as you ma

23、y have heard, as you may remember,as is often the case,（情況經(jīng)常如此） as often happens 等。注意以下例句： Eg: 1. He failed to keep his promise , whichdisappointed meand that2.He has a lot of magazines ,some of which are about sports.and some of them3.There are fifty students in the class ,three-fifths of whom are

24、girls. and three-fifths of them如何區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（人）that/who+其他 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（物）that +其他當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞時(shí)，注意勿與定語(yǔ)從句混淆。如It was in the company that my father worked in for ten years.(定語(yǔ)從句) that /which my father worked for ten years.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句） -where did you have the shampoo ? - It was in the barbers

25、shop (that /which you recommended to me. (定語(yǔ)從句) )(that I had the shampoo.) （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）(此句常常省略的)that I had a shampoo and set. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）It /this is the first time that I have visited Scotland. (定語(yǔ)從句) It was for the first time that I visited Scotland. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）這些定語(yǔ)從句中，that在從句部分擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。如果去掉it is .that .，句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整了。而在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中

26、，如果去掉it is .that/who 這個(gè)架子.，只需要把語(yǔ)序稍加調(diào)整，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍是完整的。 特別注意難句帶有定語(yǔ)從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞+修飾該名詞的定語(yǔ)從句+that/who引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句+其他部分”。如It was in that barbers shop( which/ that was managed by Coney)that I met the pop star.It is always the mouth( which talks too much ) that causes troubles.It is only a man who has seen mu

27、ch of the world that can be a leader. -When did he have a traffic accident? -It was in 2005 when he was in college. that he had a traffic accident (此句常常省略的)定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)Part(A)1. The man_ she married last year was a soldier.A whom B to whom C with whom D whose 2. The house _ window faces south is for the

28、 doctor. A which B that C whose D of which 3. She brought forward a plan _ we didnt agree. A. that B which C / D to which 4. She brought forward a plan _ we couldnt accept.A. / B for which C to which D of which 5. The invention _ she spent two years will do good to the world. A. which B that C on wh

29、ich D when 6. The invention _ took her two years will do good to the world. A. which B that C on which D it 7. This is one of the best novels_ published last year.A which were B which was C that were D that was8. This is the only one of the best novels _ published last year.A, Which were B which was

30、 C that were D that was 9. All _ we need most is more food All _ is most needed is more food. A. which B that C / D .B and C10. He likes the dictionary _ cover is brown.I like the dictionary the cover of _ is red. A that B which C whos D whose 11. My aunt lives in a room _ window faces to the south

31、.She lives in a room the window _ faces to the north.A of whom B of which C that D whose 12. Ive lost my longest ruler _ I like very much. A the one B which C what D that 13. He talked of the things and persons _ he had seen abroad. A. who B whom C which D that 14. Are those the best labs _ we visit

32、ed last month? A, which B the ones C where D /15. The doctor did all _ he could to save the patient The doctor did _ he could save the patient.The boss didnt tell us _ had happened.A that B what C which D all that 16. -Thank you for giving me the very text book _ Im looking for.-Its my pleasure. Its

33、 the only one _ I have about me. A. which ,that B that, which C that, that D what ,whom 17. The reporter _ talking to the shop assistant is humorous.A which is B whom is C. who you are D who is. 18.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. which B. C. that . It19. Please pass me the book _ cover i

34、s green.A. that B. which C. whose D. who20 ll _- you must do now is to lend him some money. A that B what C which D of which21. They talked about lots of things and persons _ they could remember in school . A who B whom C that D which 22. This is the second workplace _ I used to work at ,many worker

35、s of _ still have a good relationship with me. A that, which B where ,which C where, whom D that , whom 23.A football fan(球迷) is _ has a strong interest in football. A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what 24. The house, _ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. A. t

36、he roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof 25. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 26. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. that B. what C. why D. for which 27. Th

37、ey talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 28 Who _ has common sense（常識(shí)） will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. whom D. that 29. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what 30. They ask

38、ed him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front. A. what B. that C. which D. where 31 Ill tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all 32. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. who B. whos C. whose D. which 33. Is this the museum _ you visited the o

39、ther day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 34. Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 35 -How do you like the book? -Its quite different from _ I read last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 36.There are two rooms o

40、n the first floor,_ is used as a guest. A.a smaller of which B a smaller of them C of which the smaller D the smaller them 37.She is one of the few girls who _ passed the examination. A. was B. were C. has D. have 38. The musician _ is going to Europe nest year.A which the manager is talking to B wh

41、o the manager is talkingC. the manager is talking to him D the manager is talking to 39 The babies, _, are very healthy.A. after whom the nurses look B. whom the nurses look afterC. whom the nurses look D. whom the nurses look after them40._ is often the case ,we have worked out the production plan.

42、 A. Which B When C What D AsAnswers: ACDAC A/B CDD/B D/B D/B D D D A B/D B/D CDCCA CACADABDAB DCADC CDDBD定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)Part (B)1 He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. on which C. under which D. which 2 Antarctic南極洲 _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year

43、 round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 3 He often helps the students _ （he thinks ）are not quick at their studies.（分割性定語(yǔ)從句 ） A. whom B. who C. when D. because 4,Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play _, of course ,made the others happy. （分割性定語(yǔ)從句 ） A who B which D this D

44、 what 5.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A until B that C when D where （分割性定語(yǔ)從句 ）6. He was born in the year _ the Anti-Japanese War broke out. A. which B. when C. on which D. during which 7. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _ he spent wit

45、h his various students. A. when B. which C. during which D. on which 8.This is just the place _ I am longing to visit these years. A. that B. where C. in which D. to where 9.We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D.

46、where 10 The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 11.He has to work on Sundays, _ he does not like. A. and which B. which C. and when D. when 12. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. w

47、hat C. why D. for that 13. Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult. A. which B. it C. what D. that 14. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 15. The buses, _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

48、A. most of that B. which most C. most of which D. that most 16. My glasses, _ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that 17. Mr. Wu, _ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry. A. whom B. that C. which D. / 18. This is Mr. Sm

49、ith , _ I think has something interesting to tell us. A. who B. whom C. that D. /19 Those_ not only from books but through practice will succeed.A. who learn B. who is C. who learns D. learned20. The doctor _ she sent her friend is very famous.A. to whom B. to whose C. whom D. at whom21. Who _has co

50、mmon sense will do such a thing?A. who B. whom C. which D. that 22. That tree, the branches _ are almost bare, is a very old one.A. whose B. in which C. on which D. of which23. What especially surprised us was the way _ our teacher studied foreign languages.A. / B. which C. by which D. what 24. The cleve