1、1學生常用表達更得分的表達方式名詞1thi ngsthat on etrieshardtodoon e's un dertaki ngs/o ne'scommitme nts2Thefactisthat Therealityisthat3joyhappin ess/delight/enjoyme nt4sadnesssorrow/grief5dangerhazard/peril（后面這個詞語氣很強，危險程度非 同一般）派生da ngerous; hazardous6educati on-schooli ng（指學校教育，家庭教育則用 upbringing/parenting）區

2、分家庭教育的兩個詞 upbringing是從孩子的角度說的，比如 childre n'supbringin g;而 paren ti ng是從家長的角 度來說，比女口 sensibleparenting.7advertiseme nt/advertis ing如果你寫過關于廣告的題目，就一定體會過不 停輪換使advertisement/advertising多有即悶。其 實主體段論證中完全可以把廣告類細化，比如 commercial電視或者互聯網上的廣告），flyers（傳單廣告，北京最常見的形式就是“ 135*， 辦證”），billboards （大幅的廣告牌）或者non-p rof

3、itadvertiseme nts=p ublic-i nterestadvertis ements （公益廣告）8carautomobile9econo miccrisiseconomicmeltdown （很接近）/recession （這個 一般僅僅還是衰退）/theGreatDe pression （這個 則是特指1929年開始的那次了）1 0famous peoplecelebrities (單數為 celebrity)11huma nbeings （備考生使用過多）humanity （注意這個詞的單數指人類，復數指 人文學科）/thehumanrace12wealthfortu n

4、e（s） （fortu nd乍財富的意思時可以加復數）13相關richwealthy/afflue nt(adj.)14skillQ tech nique注意這個詞的正確解釋是技能或者 方法，而不是tech no logy科技）15派生skilledade pt/adroit(adj.)16methodmethodology（國外學術與作中超級常用的詞， 基本就是method的故作高深版）17fieldsp here/doma in/arena18un dersta ndin gofQ gras po f/comma ndof19choiceop ti on20coop erati on co

5、llaborati on21basicstructure in acityoraco untryin frastructure22tired nessforal on gtimefatigue23isamustofisaprerequisitefor （是的必備先決條件）24theI nternet thei nformatio nhighway一 篇考生作文里In ternet被使用十幾次是常事兒）25hon esty in tegrity26stro ngbelieffaith(i n)27aiminten tio n28worriesan xieties（是的，這兩個詞的確都可以加復數）

6、29in flue neeimp act/re percussio n/imp licatio n30in flue nceon eachothermutualinfluenee (類似的表達還有 mutualres pect,mutualtrusf和 mutual un dersta nding/in teracti on betwee nAan dB/i n terplaybetwee nAandB31manydifferentkindsof avarietyof /awidearrayof/awidera ngeof32wron gideasheldbyma nypeoplemisc o

7、ncep ti ons33famep restige/sterli ngrepu tati on34range sp ectrum35sense recog niti on36partcompon e nt （這個詞不僅指零件，在學術與作中 也經常指部分”37wise相關sen sible(adj.)38gapdis parity39asystemfora particularpurpose amecha ni smfor4asoluti on tosth.aremedyforsth.（生活中經常指一種病的治療方0法，但學術寫作中經常用來指某種問題的解決 方法，注意搭配的介詞不同）41bads

8、tude nts unru lystude nts/disr up tivestude nts42badbehaviorun ethicalbehavior/immoralbehavior43orga ni zati on sthathe Ippoorpeoplecharities/charitableorga ni zati ons44differe needisti nctio n45派生bediffere ntfrombedisti nctfrom(adj.)46personin dividual47person ality dis positi on48bus in essesente

9、rprises （這里指企業）49p rieesthataretoohighexorbita ntp rices50therateof the in cide nceof (后面一般跟壞事兒，比如 unemp loyme nt/crime/adisease51inten see nthusiasmzeal/passi on52eulturalglobalization （有過多人使用這 個詞）globalculturalhomoge ni zati on53ath ing thatis necessaryan ecessity54athi ng thatis newa ndin teresti

10、 ngano velty55ath in gthatisrareararity56thi ngsthat peop leare no tsureaboutun certa in ties57aworldla ng uageauni versalla ng uage58frie ndscompanions59relaxati on recreati on60self-res pect se-festeema nddi gn ity61res pectsb./sth.holdsb./62反義lookdownon treat withcontempt=despise(v.)63self-c on t

11、rolself-discipli ne64crim inalconv ict65pris onerinm ate66drinksQ alcoholicbeverages67peoplewhowalk on thestreetpedestria ns68oldge nerati onsin historyan cestors69v/yapers on whobe nefitsfromsth.abe neficiaryofsth.70adiseasethats preadsquicklyanepidemic（注意這個詞雖然是-ic結 尾，卻不是形容詞）71avery unpl easa ntway

12、oflifemisery72ataskthatrequireslotsofeffortan arduoustask73emoti on sen time nt74en emy opponent/foe75n arrowm indsinsularminds （狹隘的頭腦或者觀念）76awaytodosth.anapp roaehtodo in gsth./a nave nu etowa dssth.77hobbye p astime/diversio n78p rogressprogression （經常指抽象的進步，比 如寫關于 soeiety/eareer/teehnology的 話題）79

13、failuresetbaek （注意作名詞的時候中間不 要加空格）80imp orta neesignificanee （當你用了一次 imp orta nee之后，第二次不妨用這 個）81dutyobligati on （用于比較重要的責任）82difficultyhindran ee/im pedime nt/hurdles83p ressurefromyourelassmatespeerp ressure84eitize nswhoca nworklaborforee/workforee （都是總體概 念，而且注意后面這個詞的標準寫 法中間沒有空格）85p roblemsordiseas

14、esthatexistforalo ng timep ersiste ntp roblems/ehro niediseases86alifewithoutregularexereiseasede ntarylifestyle87resulteon seque nee （表示消極的結果更多 一些）88thoughtse con siderati ons89thelaekofk no wledgeignoran ee（注意在地道央文里，這個 詞經常并不表示忽視”而是表示無知”90harm( n.)adverseeffeet91harm(vt.)damagedestroy/ruin (這兩個詞比 d

15、amage程度更重)spoil (后面跟 theeitysea pe/sce nery/e nvir onmen) undermine (后面跟抽象概念，比如 stability/soeialorder/harm ony) jeopardize (后面跟抽象概念，比如 one'sfuture/one'scareer tarnish (后面 跟one'sreputation/image sap/dampen(后面跟on e'se nthusiasm/i nterest/c on fide nee92派生harmfuldetrime ntal(adj.)r93派生b

16、eharmfultoe p oseathreatto94badluckmisfort une95troubleadversity/dilemma/predicame nt/hards hip96crimeoffen se/crimi nalact97youthcrimee juve niledeli nquency98crimi naloffe nder/e cul prit/ e perp etrator99seriouscrimeheino uscrime/fe lony100amino rcrimeamisdemea nor101shortage(of)scarcity(of)/dear

17、th(of)102the onlyonean exce pti on103pl aceswherea ni malslivehabitat形 容詞104worryi nge disturb ing形容詞105very popu larp revale nt/ubiquitous106TRUEgenuin e(trulyage nuin ely)107dee pprofound (深刻的，后面經常跟 wisdom/truths/un dersta ndi ng/im pact/thoug hts)108stro ngpo werful/mighty109weake vuln erable110h

18、ard-work ingin dustrious（注意不是 in dustrial，而 dilige nt 那個詞在美語中是個挺大的詞）111verydisa ppointinglame ntable/pathetic112begood(for)bebe neficial(to)=bei nthebesti nterests(of)113beno tasgoodasbein feriorto114bebettertha nbes up eriorto115unin terest ingmundan（注意這個詞其實再美國很多時 候并不是 世俗的”意思/humdrum116manynumerous

19、 （注意要跟可數名詞）117comp licatedin tricate118stra ngeodd/bizarre/ecce ntriQ 單 weird 有點過于口 語化了)119canno tbetu rn edbackbeirreversible120produceusefulresultsproductive121practicale realistic122maturesophisticated （這個詞指人的時候意思是 思維成熟老練的）123selfishself-ce ntered/materialistic124proud （貶義）con ceited125suitablefi

20、tt ing126mostsuitableoptimal127Ion ely ! isolated/alie nated128alonesolitary129beeasily in flue ncedbysth.besusce ptibletosth.( 般是壞事情，比如 adisease/attack)130isbettertha niss up eriorto131no tasgoodas isi nferiorto132bethesamebeide ntical/behomoge no us/be uniform （后 面兩個詞比較正式，一般是說 culturalglobalizatio

21、n的時候常用，現在理 解為什么校服的名詞叫schooluniformsT 吧，就是讓大家都看起來一樣的衣服）133in terest ingQ stimulati ng134bori ng monotono us/re petitive135uselessredu ndant136smartin tellige nt137famousrenowned138po sitive desirable/e ncourag ing139happydelighted140enjoyabledelightful141canbeusedbeavailable142hardto un dersta ndbewi

22、lderi ng/baffli ng/confusing143(laws/rules/people)no tstrictlen ie nt144healthywholesome （注意說人的健康還是要用 healthy，但是如果說事物有益健康，就 可以用 wholesome）145goodforthee nvir onmenteco-friendly (.Biki ngisfarmoreeco-frie ndlytha ndrivi ngthe irSUVs.)146n ervous/a nxious app rehe nsive147doubtsth.beske pticalaboutsth

23、.148fair justified149un fair剤n warra nted/u niustifiable150hugeeno rmous/massive/vast/colossal151smalltiny/miniscule （后面一般跟抽象名詞）152havema ny differe nt abilitiesbeversatile/bewell-r oun ded153befamiliarwithbewell-acqua in tedwith154verysuccessful/ad mirabledist in guished155properapprop riate156ty p

24、icalquintessential （這個語氣非常強）157exactprecise/ accurate158uglyunsightly159po or-qualitysubsta ndard(hous in g/accommodati on/work/goods/mach in es）160thepresent thecurrent/theexisting （比如thecurre ntfinan cialcrisis/theexisti ngen viro nm entalp roblems161outdatedan tiquated/obsolete162highly-res pecte

25、desteemed163comp lete（adj.）/wh oleen tire164spen dalotofm oneyleada nextravaga nt/alavishlife165openenlighted/progressive （開明的，逐步的，經 常用來形谷govern-men或者society）166167withlo nghistorytime-honored （后面經常跟抽象名詞，比如traditio n/p ractice/methods/heritage168continuin gforeverperp etual169imp orta ntsig ni fica

26、ntesse ntialvital（這三個詞的重要性 依次遞增）170veryattractiveverya pp eali ng/fasc in ati ng/ca ptivat ing171verycarefulcautious172beveryi nterested inbeabsorbed in/bee ngrossed in173bequalifiedforbeeligiblefor174disa ppointingfrustrati ng175wrongerron eous176longan dabita nnoyi nglen gthy177verydifficultdaun t

27、i ng/formidable178beingsp read inunco n trolledwayrampant （后面經常跟負面現象，比如crime, polluti on 或者 discrimi natio n）179cruel in huma ne/merciless180fatoverweight/obes（后面這個已經胖出病了）181hav ingwrongopini onsskewed/biase（這兩個詞一般在IELTS媒體 類話題使用，表示有偏見的”182in clud in gma nythin gscomprehensive （綜合的，全面的）183enoughadequ

28、ate/sufficie nt/amp le/ab undant（注意這 四個詞的語氣是逐漸遞增的）184toomuchexcessive185verylittleminimal （注意不是 minimum）186causebadeffectscounterproductive （其實地道英文與作里這 個詞不見得和生產有關，只要阻止人們達 到目的，都可以寫它counterproductive）187strictstringent （后面一般跟 laws,measure或者 rules）188urge ntp ress ing(p roblems)189quiettran quila ndser

29、e ne （美語中這兩個詞經常可 以連在一起用）動詞190stre ngthe n/fortify/rei nforce/c on solidatesth.191weake n/erode (侵蝕)192enhance/better（很少看到國內考生用better當動詞，其實在學術與作中bettersth是挺 常見的表達）193aggravate/exacerbatesth.194con trol (an egati etre nd)vcurb (crime/pollution/economicrecessions)195sto pcease196managesth. regulatesth.

30、/overseesth.197appearemerge/arisr后者的主語一般是抽象概念， 比如 debate）198dieoutgoexti net199failtoseen eglect/overlook200set freerelease( prison ers/stress)201begi ncomme nce/in itiate(后者跟抽象概念更 多，比如 initiatetheconflict)202n arrow/bridgethega pbe twee nAan dB(注意這 里bridge乍動詞)反義wide nthega pbetwee nAandB203beforced

31、todosth.beco mp elledtodosth.204'sgoal/o ne'scareer/busi ness in terests/ma mump rofit/hegem onv)206dosth.e perform/conducr注意這里的 perform 不是表演”而是從事”207dono tdosth.refrai nfromdoi ngsth.208carryoutimpleme nt209turn into convert to/into210decreasedecline/dwindle （特指逐漸緩慢的減 少）/dip/slip（后兩個詞用來指短促的

32、下 降）211makeacrimecommitacrime （注意作文中不要用 makeacrime這 樣不地道的央文）212commitacrimeaga inreverttocrime （這里的crime作不可數名 詞）213punishpen alize214派生 Ipuni shme ntpen alty215sp readpropagate/dissem in ate (這兩個詞后面i經常跟 information/ideas/belief這類名 詞）216devel op fastflourish/thrive217develop （這里作 培養”的意思cultivate/fost

33、er/nurture （這三個詞后面 經常跟和教育有關的名詞，比如anin teresti nsocialissues218相關fast-develo pingburge oning219acce ptado pt （注意這個詞不是ada p適應，而 是接納，采納的意思）220buildcon struct221gathergarner,但這個詞只能用在很正式的意 思，而且略有貶義，比如garnerfundin g,gar nersupp ortduri ngtheU Nclimatec onferen ceatCo pen hage n222measuregaugejb匕measure稍正式

34、一點223teachsth. imp artsth./i nculcatesth.（注意如果 teach后面是人則不要替換）224startini tiate多用于政府類話題225supportespouse后面跟某種重要的事業，類 似的還有動詞champion （作動詞不是 冠軍的意思了）和動詞sanction （它作 名詞則變成了制裁”226praise comp lime nt/extol （后面這個語氣很強）227support buttress/bolster228pro ve/c onfirmverify229creategen erate （一般是大規模的產生，比如 gen er

35、atee mp loyme ntopportun ities/ge ner atetaxreve nu e/electricity）breed（ 般是 產生消極的東西，比如conflict/crime/resentment） spawn （一般 是產生新事物，比如spawninven ti ons/inno vati ons）230use utilize/ex pl oit231use aga inrecycle232workhardworkassiduously233get acquir（注意 acquire/gainknowledge 比learnk no wledge在地道英文中更加 常

36、見）234con sidercon template/reflect on/pon der235meetencounter,多用于政府，文化或者 success樣偏大一些的話題236p rovidesth.affordsth.（在正式英文與作中，afford經常可以表示提供”237n eedrequire（注意主語如果是人稱則一般還 需要使用need,但如果主語是事物，則可以改用require）238 havea naffin ityforsth./haveastr on gattac hme nttosth.239beunhappyaboutcomplain about(v.)/bedisc

37、 onten dedwith( adj.)240askforrequest241raiseelevate,就是正式版的raise，但只是 提 高 而不能表示撫養小孩的意思242looklikesth.resemblesth.243treat poorlymistreat /abuse 244con sidersth.valuablevaluesth./treasuresth./cherishsth245kee p宀maintain/preserv這個詞后面經常跟 traditio ns/culturalheritage/wilda nimals/n aturalresource等)246mix

38、 togetherble nd/comb ine/syn thesize247solvetackle/combat/address248n oticediscer n249understand tomean /tobe -in terpretas艮多時候這個詞并不是口譯，而是把理解為）250choosesth./choosetodos th.op tforsth./ op ttodosth.251achievefulfill( on e'sdream/ on e'sgoal/on e's poten tial/o ne' sobligatio n/on e

39、9;s promise/o ne'stask)252app eari nl arge nu mberssproutup/mushroom253make lessserio usrelieve/ease/alleviat(作文中經常用到的搭配 有relievestress/alleviate po verty/easethetrafficc on gestion等)254pay for(on e'slo ss)compensate for 255pay-for(on e'sef fort)reward - for 256acceleratesth./s peed up s

40、th.257joinp artici pate in258outweightprevailover （大豕應該已經注意到了，新托福 議論文的題目中經常出現outweight這個詞用 來比較事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最 好不要重復考題中出現過的特征詞匯）259con tributetopromote/facilitate （這兩個詞都是及物動詞，所以不需要跟to）260p reve ntthedevelopmentof hinder/impede/inhibit/obstru t261fin dout ide ntify262263adoresth.264abhor/detest/loath

41、e265haterese nt/holdagrudgeaga inst266limitrestrict/c on strain267avoidQ byp ass/eschew/sh un268isno tlimitedto-isn otrestrictedto/isnotconfin e（經常用 來描述一個trend不僅限于某個范圍）269besosur prisedbeast oni shed/beasto un ded/bestartled270decidedeterm ine271moveto relocateto /havebee nrelocatedto 272comefrom or

42、igi natefrom/i n273imp roveboost/enhance (比女口 boostsolidarity增進團結 /enhancep roductivity提 咼生產率)274wasteuse lavishly275attackassail （語氣更強烈）276reducecurtail（多用于政府投資類話題）/diminish （多用于文化類或者發展類中的抽象話題）277in creaseaugment （多用于政府投資類話題）278hel passist279hel p(n.)assista nee280setu pestablish281trytodosth.atte

43、mp ttodosth.282tryhardtodosth.makeastre nu ous/a narduous/a pai nstaki ngeffortt odosth.283changealter284cha nge alotfun dame ntallycha nge/radicallycha ngesform 285solveaddress/combat286correct(vt.)rectify(amistake)287takedow ndemolish/raze （談到拆老建筑的時候常用）288obeyabideby/com pl ywith/co nformto(后面跟 th

44、elaw/rules/regulati ons等)289banbanaltogether/strictlyprohibit290criticizecondemn/denoun ce（這兩個詞一般用于政府 類話題，但不要用在教育類）291in creaseshowa nup wardtre nd/be on theris反 義： showadow nwardtre nd292dependonhingeon=becontingenton (意思是：取決/tran于)293dependonrelyon （意思是：依靠 ）294dealwithcop ewith295doon e'sbestt

45、odos mit on eselftodoi ngsth./strivetodosth./do one' sutmosttodosth./s pareno efforttodosth.296use upexhaust(e nergy/resources)/stretch(resources)to1 helimit297repo rtthedetailso fsth.298focusingon 299spendAonB dedicateAtoB300usetoomuch stretch tothelimit/pu tastrai non301pourdischarge (排放

46、，環境類話題常用，比如 dischargechemicalwastei ntorivers,streamsa ndla kes)302getusedtogetaccustomedto303dieoutgoexti net304con ti nu etoexistp ersist305comewith beattendedby/beiccompaniedby 306broade non e'shor izonsexpandon e'soutlook/e nl arge on e'svisi on( broade non e'shorizo n這個句型已經被考生使用

47、過多 慘遭貶值)307breakthelawviolatethelaw308in carceratesb.309makelawsaga ins tlegislateaga inst310相關lawlegislation（名詞，注意 law在特指具體的法律 時可以用復數，但是legislation不能用復數）311stimulate (后面經常跟imagi natio n/creativity/i nterest/eco nomi cgrowth 等詞匯)312make on e'sdream cometruefulfillo ne's pote ntial/attai non

48、e'sgoal313havetherighttodo sth.bee ntitledtodosth.314leadtocha ngeinactasacatalystfor(hangein 315sticktoadhereto/cli ngto（注意后面這個有時候略帶貶 義）316dealwiththe needmeetthedema nd/satisfythe need317take awayfrom sb.（省略號中可以填入 freedom/leisuretime/therighttc等 值得擁有的 內容）318319getaclearideaofgetaclear persp ec

49、tiveof320belostgoastray （作文中如果寫青少年誤入歧途”， 就不要再寫getlost）321spen dtoomuchti meonbeaddictedto/be preocc upi edwith/beobsessedw h（這三個詞組的語氣越來越強）322prep arefor Pavethewayfor /laythegroundworkforolidfou ndatio nfor （為打好基礎）323breakthebala neeup setthebala nee324bala nceAa ndBstrikeabala ncebetwee nAan dB在A 和

50、 B 之間爭 取一種平衡）325catchcap ture326thin kof asregard as/view as/perceive as327Get rid ofElimi nate/remove328getridofabolish （多用于政府類話題，廢除）329make- higherdriveup （后面經常 thecrimerate/unemploymen trate330morea ndmore+a dj.Increasingly+adj.但要注意如果后面不是adj. 而是nou n那么就可以用anin creas ingnu mberof （跟可數名詞） /anin cre

51、as in gam oun tof （跟不可數名詞）來代 替副詞331main lyp rimarily/prin ci pally/chiefly332In theolddays,-Traditio nally,/Historically,333nowcurre ntly334Actually,e Tech ni cally,（嚴格來說它的意思并不是 事 實上”，但在學術寫作中它是一個表示 精確 地說”非常幫的詞語）335veryso onimmediately336no tofte natallrarely337completelyen tirely338339bli ndlyindisc

52、riminately （不加選擇的）/mechanically （機械的）340only merely （注意只有alittle/abit后面跟形谷詞的 時候才可以這樣替換）341alittle/abitsomewhat（注意只有alittle/abit后面跟形谷詞 的時候才可以這樣替換）342main lyprimarily/pri ncipallv/chieflv短語&句子'343aboutregardi ng/con cerni ng/withres peetto/withregard to/layas344before p riorto 345afewahandfulof（請注意僅指少數時acoupleo容易 被挑剔的考官判為過于口語化