1、語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題（十三）賓語(yǔ)從句和 定語(yǔ)從句PART TWO第二篇 語(yǔ)法突破篇【中考考點(diǎn)】（1）賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序及引導(dǎo)詞。（2）賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化形式。（3）關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的基本用法。（4）關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法。賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)一引導(dǎo)詞1.在that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,若是陳述句作賓語(yǔ),that可以省略。The radio says （that）it will rain tomorrow.收音機(jī)報(bào)道明天要下雨。2.連接代詞which,what,who等或連接副詞how, where, why, when等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句改用陳述語(yǔ)序。Could you tell me to you?

2、你能告訴我他跟你說(shuō)了些什么嗎?what he said賓語(yǔ)從句3.whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句改用陳述語(yǔ)序。I wonder you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已經(jīng)告訴李雷這個(gè)消息了。 【注意】 下列幾種情況通常使用whether:具有選擇意義且又有or或or not,尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí),往往用whether;介詞之后用whether;不定式前用whether。if/whether賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)二時(shí)態(tài)1.當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。We asked what Jean was d

3、oing then.我們問(wèn)瓊那時(shí)正在做什么。2.當(dāng)從句表述的是客觀真理或普遍規(guī)律時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Lisa said light faster than sound. 麗薩說(shuō)光的傳播速度比聲音快。travels/goes賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)三語(yǔ)序1.陳述句改為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),語(yǔ)序不變。He is a good child. The teacher said.The teacher said （that）he was a good child.老師說(shuō)他是個(gè)好孩子。2.一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句改為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),語(yǔ)序改為陳述語(yǔ)序。Does he work hard?I wonder.I wonder i

4、f/whether . 我想知道他工作是否努力。 When did he leave?I dont know.I dont know when he left. 我不知道他是什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)的。he works hard賓語(yǔ)從句【注意】 賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know, remember, forget, learn等時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。I dont know what I should say.I dont know what . 我不知道要說(shuō)什么。to say定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)一關(guān)系代詞的基本用法引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who （who

5、se, whom）, which, that。關(guān)系代詞的基本用法:作主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)指人who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose指物which/thatwhich/thatwhose定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)二關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法that和which都可以修飾表示物的先行詞。1.下列情況只能用that（1）先行詞為不定代詞all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等時(shí)。All （that）you have to do is to practice every day. 你要做的就是每天練習(xí)。There isnt much （that）I can do.

6、 我能做的不多。（2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。The first lesson （that）I learned will never be forgotten.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我上的第一堂課。This is the best film （that）I have ever seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。（3）先行詞被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。I have read all the books （that）you gave me. 我已經(jīng)讀完了你給我的所有的書(shū)。定語(yǔ)從句（4）先行詞被the only, t

7、he very, the last, the same 等修飾時(shí)。The white flower is the only one that I really like.這朵白花是我唯一真正喜歡的。This is the very book I want to read. 這就是我想看的那本書(shū)。（5）當(dāng)主句是以who或 which 開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。Who is the man that is standing over there? 站在那邊的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)?Which of us that know something about physics doesnt know this?在我們懂點(diǎn)

8、物理的人當(dāng)中有誰(shuí)不知道這個(gè)?that定語(yǔ)從句（6）先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。We talked about the persons and things we could remember. 我們談?wù)摿宋覀兯苡浀玫娜撕褪隆＃?）time作先行詞且前面有序數(shù)詞或 last 修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句用 that 來(lái)引導(dǎo)（that可省略）;如果沒(méi)有序數(shù)詞或 last 修飾,既可用 when 也可用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。This is the last time （that）I shall give you a lesson.這是我最后一次給你們上課了。The first time （that）I saw him w

9、as in 2012. 我第一次見(jiàn)到他是在2012年。that定語(yǔ)從句2.下列情況只能用which（1）關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),用“介詞+which” 結(jié)構(gòu)。This is the book for you ask. 這是你要的書(shū)。（2）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能用which。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說(shuō)很感人,我已經(jīng)讀了三遍了。which定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)三關(guān)系副詞的用法引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞,在句中作狀語(yǔ)。I still remember the day I first came to Beijing.我仍然記得第一次來(lái)北京的那天。 2