1、Word可編輯語法-句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句型詞類英語名稱作用例詞名詞n.表示人或事物的名稱man,dog, tree, book冠詞art.用在名詞前，起修飾或限定作用a, an, the代詞pron.代替名詞或數(shù)詞I, you, that, this, some, a few數(shù)詞num.表示數(shù)量或順序one, two, first形容詞adj.修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征red, beautiful, young, old副詞adv.修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其

2、它副詞very, quickly, often, here動(dòng)詞v.表動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)walk, run, study, be介詞prep.用在名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞前，表示和句中其它詞的關(guān)系in, on, at, behind, from連詞conj.用來連接詞與詞或句與句and, but, if, or感慨詞interj.表示說話時(shí)的感情或口氣oh, hello, hi, er課時(shí)時(shí)長 ： 2小時(shí)   授課老師：Truman

3、Liu有些動(dòng)詞既可作vt.又可作vi.，詞義相同。如：The meeting began at six. < > We began the meeting at six. < >有些動(dòng)詞既可作vt.又可作vi.，但詞義不同。如：The man walked away. (walk為vi. 意為“走) He walked the dog every day. ( walk為vt. “遛) She washes clothes at home. (wash為vt. “洗) The clothes washes well. (wash為vi. “洗起來)指出以下句中斜體動(dòng)詞是

4、vt.還是vi.1. Most birds can fly.2. The children are flying kites in the park. 3. It happened yesterday.4. My watch stopped.5. When did they leave Beijing?6. She spoke at the meeting this morning. 7. Shall I begin at once?8. She began working as a teacher after she left school.句子成分句子是按照一定的語法規(guī)律組成的，表達(dá)一個(gè)完

5、整的意義。一個(gè)句子一般由三局部構(gòu)成，即主語局部和謂語局部、賓語局部，這三局部也叫做句子的主要成分。謂語可以是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或者系動(dòng)詞加表語，即：系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語。句子的次要成分包括：定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的組成局部。主、謂、賓、定、狀、補(bǔ) 判斷正誤：1. The teacher in the classroom.2. Can I help you?3. Students study in the classroom. 4. I want go home now.5. All the books on the desk over there.主語主語是一句的主體，是全句述說的對(duì)象

6、，常用名詞，數(shù)詞或代詞擔(dān)任，一般放于句首。如：Students study. / We are friends.它們?cè)诰渲凶鲋髡Z：students是個(gè)名詞，we是代詞。謂語謂語是對(duì)主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。如：Students study. We are friends.這兩句話中單詞study和are都是動(dòng)詞，study叫做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，are叫做be動(dòng)詞，它們?cè)诰渲凶髦^語。賓語 表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如：They are teachers. I play with him. 這兩句話中單詞teache

7、rs是名詞，單詞him是代詞，它們?cè)诰渲凶髻e語。定語定語是用來說明或者限制名詞的成分，常用形容詞或者相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語或從句擔(dān)任。形容詞放在名詞之前，相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語或從句放在名詞的后面。如：This is a red sun.He is a tall boy.這兩句話中單詞red和 tall都是形容詞，它們作定語。狀語狀語是用來說明動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子的成分。常由副詞擔(dān)任。修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以放在動(dòng)詞之前，也可以放在動(dòng)詞之后；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)放在它們之前。如：The students study hard.I often write to him. The bag is too hea

8、vy. 這三句話中單詞hard 和often修飾的都是動(dòng)詞，第三句話中單詞too修飾的是形容詞，它們都作狀語。補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語作用對(duì)象是主語和賓語,具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。補(bǔ)語是起補(bǔ)充說明作用的成份。最常見的是賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補(bǔ)。如：You made me happy。表語表語用來說明主語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。一般由名詞或者形容詞擔(dān)任。構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如： This table is long. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常情況下,主語和賓語前的成分是定語，謂語前的成分是狀語，時(shí)間詞作狀語放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下： 定語

9、 主語 狀語 謂語 定語 賓語 狀語 (The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.(The happy) child went (his) home yesterday.(The) boy can't find (his) dog. 分析下面句子的結(jié)構(gòu)說出各個(gè)成分 1. I like China. 2. The beautiful girl swims very well.3. Do you go to school every day? 4. I really made me sad.5. Great china is beautiful.結(jié)

10、        構(gòu)例     句主語+不及物動(dòng)詞He smiled.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語He plays the piano.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語We are happy.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語She gave me a pen.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語He made me laught.種類句型主語S謂語局部謂語動(dòng)詞V

11、表語P賓語O賓語補(bǔ)足語OC1S+VWesmiled.(不及物)2S+V+OHeplays(及物)the piano3S+V+PWeare(系動(dòng)詞)happy4S+V+IO間接賓語+DO直接賓語Shegave(及物)me a pen.5S+V+O+OCHemade(及物)the boylaugh簡單句的五種根本句型1、主語+不及物動(dòng)詞：( S + Vi)We work./ She came/ My head aches. / The bell rang.2、主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(SVC)系動(dòng)詞分類：一 be動(dòng)詞類： am、

12、60;is 、are 、was 、were  二 表示變化類：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go  三 感官動(dòng)詞類:  look  sound smell taste feel appear, seem四 表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞 ：remain 、stay 、keep He is a studentHis face turned redThe apple tastes sweet

13、The soldier keeps still.3、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(SVOe.g. Henry bought a dictionary. Mike ate three cakes she drew a beautiful picture.4、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語間接賓語+直接賓語(SVIOO)(SVOiO)e.g. My father bought me a car.-My father bought a car for me He gave me three yuan.-He gave three yuan to me接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞:一感二聽三讓四看一感指 feel二聽指 list

14、en to 和 hear三讓指 have, let 和 make四看指 see, watch, notice 和 observe半幫助指 help動(dòng)詞類別：分作三類1. 知覺動(dòng)詞 feel, listen to, hear, see, watch, notice 和 observe2. 使役動(dòng)詞 have, let 和 make3. 幫助 help這幾個(gè)詞后面都可以跟復(fù)合賓語，即“賓語+不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)足語，強(qiáng)調(diào)：動(dòng)詞不定式補(bǔ)足語不能帶 to，只有 help 可有可無。具體含義如下：1. 知覺動(dòng)詞 + 復(fù)合賓語感知某人做過某事2. 使役動(dòng)詞 + 復(fù)合賓語使得某人做某事3. help + 復(fù)

15、合賓語幫助某人做某事用法舉例1. 知覺動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語表示“感知某人做過某事，即感知的是不定式所表示動(dòng)作從頭到尾發(fā)生的全過程，如：I felt the doctor touch the sore spot with a probe. 我覺得大夫用探針輕觸過痛點(diǎn)。We heard the girl sing some songs in the next door. 我們聽到那個(gè)女孩在隔壁唱過幾支歌。2. 使役動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語表示“使得某人去做某事，如：The man had my assistant run the errand. 那個(gè)人讓我的助手跑腿。 They made him leave. 他們迫使他離開。5、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語賓語+賓補(bǔ)(SVOC) Tom made the baby laugh.We made him our monitor.I cant make myself understood. We want to have the desk repaired. 總結(jié)1、英語語法框架根本概念2、詞性3、及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞4、詞性考點(diǎn)5、句子根本成分6、五種句型結(jié)構(gòu)課后作業(yè)：仿照五種根本句型，每個(gè)句型寫三個(gè)句子英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)有五