1、第31課漢譯英解題要領一、注意英國人思維方式,牢牢抓住英語三個基本句型先確定句型，舉什么旗子，再逐步完成主+系動詞+表謂+主+狀 該句型通常用于表達某地存在某物（人） 主+謂+賓+狀 單詞不會寫中文，千萬不要因為一，兩個單詞不會而放棄！在翻譯過程中，從剛剛壓縮成的基本句型開始，一步步擴大句子，添加修飾成分，直至完整?，F舉數例：-例1. 我們居住的地球是一個大球體。 第一步：先確定句型，舉什么旗子, 把句子縮小到只剩下基本句型 我們居住的 地球 是 一個大球體主+系動詞+表 The earth is a globe.第二步：確定成分-定語從句- where (oN which)-擴大句子 我們居

2、住的 地球 是 一個大球體The earth where we live is a big globe.第三步：按下列順序檢查句子孫老師特別提示：英文書面表達注意事項1 注意英語的三個句子，舉什么旗子不要錯，不要丟。2.小心單數復數和冠詞。3注意時態,主動被動4注意肯定否定，別忘了問號。5注意定語的位置，及從句的連詞 例2 .正是那棵 樹在洪水中 救了 他們的命。第一步：先確定句型，舉什么旗子, 把句子縮小到只剩下基本句型 正是 那棵樹 在洪水中 救了 他們的命。 主+謂+賓+狀 The tree saved their lives in the flood(s).第二步：確定成分-強調句型-

3、擴大句子 It was the tree that saved their lives in the flood(s).第三步：按下列順序檢查句子注意該句應為過去時，做題容易錯，生命忘掉加s- 例3 我們 無法想象 在那個遙遠的星球上存在什么東西。第一步：先確定句型，舉什么旗子, 把句子縮小到只剩下基本句型 我們 無法想象 在那個遙遠的星球上存在什么東西。 主+謂+賓We cannot imagine 第二步：確定成分-賓語從句-確定連詞what -擴大句子我們 無法想象 在那個遙遠的星球上存在什么東西。We cannot imagine what exists on that far-awa

4、y planet.如詞匯量小的同學也可選自已會的單詞，條條大路通羅馬。We cannot suppose what is on that far-away planet.第三步：按下列順序檢查句子注意該句中的連詞。- 例4 他今早上學又遲到了。昨晚他肯定是睡得太晚了。 第一步：先確定句型，舉什么旗子, 把句子縮小到只剩下基本句型他今早上學又遲到了。昨晚他肯定是睡得太晚了。主+系動詞+表 He was late for the school again this morning.第二步：確定成分-原因狀語從句-確定連詞 -擴大句子他今早上學又遲到了。昨晚他肯定是睡得太晚了。He was late

5、 for the school again this morning for he must have gone to sleep too late last night.第三步：按下列順序檢查句子注意該句中的連詞,從句是對過去的推測用must have done-例5 然而，在那個國家 還有成千上萬的年輕人 卻很難找到工作。 第一步：先確定句型，舉什么旗子, 把句子縮小到只剩下基本句型然而，在那個國家 還有成千上萬的年輕人 卻很難找到工作。 There be in that country, there are also thousands and thousands of young pe

6、ople第二步：確定成分-確定成分-定語從句-who-擴大句子然而，在那個國家 還有成千上萬的年輕人 卻很難找到工作。 However, in that country there are also thousands and thousands of young people who find it very difficult to get work.第三步：按下列順序檢查句子注意該句中的連詞,從句動詞不定式做賓代補語后置北京地區成人本科學士學位英語統一考試（A）答案20051119Section B Directions: In this part there are five sent

7、ences in Chinese. You should translate them into English. Be sure to write clearly. 81正是那棵 樹在洪水中 救了 他們的命。82我們 無法想象 在那個遙遠的星球上存在什么東西。83他今早上學又遲到了。昨晚他肯定是睡得太晚了。 84父母沒有預料到孩子的問題這樣難回答。 85然而，在那個國家 還有成千上萬的年輕人 卻很難找到工作。 key-81正是那棵 樹在洪水中 救了 他們的命。The tree saved their lives in the flood(s)It was the tree that save

8、d their lives in the flood(s).82我們 無法想象 在那個遙遠的星球上存在什么東西。 We cannot imagine what exists on that far-away planet.It is beyond our imagination that what exits in that star which is so far away.83他今早上學又遲到了。昨晚他肯定是睡得太晚了。 He was late for the school again this morning. He must have stayed up too late last n

9、ight. (He must have gone to sleep too late last night.)He was late for school again this morning. He must have gone to bed very late yesterday evening.84父母沒有預料到孩子的問題這樣難回答。 The parents did not expect that the childs question would be so hard/difficult to answer.The parents didnt expect that it would

10、be so hard/difficult to answer the childs question.The parents didnt expect that the child would ask such a difficult question.The parents did not expect that their childs question was too hard to give a reply.85然而，在那個國家 還有成千上萬的年輕人 卻很難找到工作。 However, in that country there are also thousands and thous

11、ands of young people who find it very difficult to get work.However, there are still thousands of young people who are hard to find a job in that country.二、捕捉題目中的重點語法現象、特定句型和重要短語1 ?？嫉闹攸c語法現象不定式、分詞、動名詞、名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句、虛擬語氣、倒裝句等都是漢譯英考題的重點語法。因在前面第二章第四節中已經討論過，本章不再贅述。2 特定句型這里討論的是幾個?？季湫汀１容^給常考句型：asas（和一樣）；m

12、oremore（比多）；less(more)than（比少）；th（比少）；例如：他的空閑時間沒有人們所想的那么多。He hasnt so (as)much free time as people think.約翰的工廠同亨利的工廠一樣難以管理Johns factory is as difficult to manage as Henrys.他告訴我們新版本比舊版便宜一些。He told us that the new edition was less expensive than the old one.山越高，其溫度越低.The higher a mountain is , the low

13、er its temperature is .你擁有的越多，你所需求的就越多。The more you have ,the more you will want.句型“It is .to./ It is .that .”這兩個句型中it都是形式主語，用來替代句子中的不定式或主語從句。當作主語的不定式或從句比較長時，就用it作形式主語的這個句型。如：晚起是一種壞習慣。It is a bad habit to get up late.要在三個小時內完成這項試驗是很不可能的。It is quite impossible to finish this experiment within three h

14、ours.他如何致富依然是個迷。It is still a mystery how he became rich.很顯然，生產決策實際上依靠的是信息資料。It is clear(obvious) that a production decision, in fact, depends on the information.據說我們不久要再建兩個實驗室。It is said that we will build two more labs before long.原來沒人記得地址。It turned out that nobody remembered the address.他似乎該為這一錯誤

15、負全部責任。It seemed that he alone was responsible for the mistake.“not.until.”句型?！皀ot.until.”句型是很具有代表性的句型。例如：直到失去健康之后我們才知道健康的寶貴。We dont realize the preciousness of the health until we lose it .直到半夜他才上床。He did nt go to bed until midnight. It wasnotuntilthathe wantto 這個句型經常用作倒裝句或用在強調句型中。例如上面兩句可以寫為：It is n

16、ot until we lose it that we realize the preciousness of health.Not until we lose it do we realize the preciousness of health.It was not until midnight that he went to bed .Not until midnight did he go to bed .一些重要的引導狀語從句的連詞，如so that（以便），so.that.（如此.以至于），as far as（只要），however（= no matter how無論如何），no

17、matter.（無論），although（盡管），while（一邊.一邊），just as （正如），in case（= for fear that萬一）。例如：講清楚些、大聲點，以便他們能聽懂你的話。Speak clearly and loudly so that they can understand you.夜黑沉沉的，我們什么也看不見。It was such a dark night that we could not see anything.既然你提到這件事，我就向你解釋一下。Now that you mention it, I will explain it to you.只要我

18、們合作，就會很容易完成這工作。As long as we cooperate, we can finish the work easily.盡管他努力學習，也沒有通過考試。Although he studied hard, he failed to pass the exam.帶上傘，免得下雨。Take the umbrella with you in case it rains. it 用作形式賓語他們發現在10點前不可能把一切準備好。They found it impossible to get everything ready before 10 oclock.我認為費這么大勁不值得。I

19、 dont think it worthwhile taking such trouble.我們把幫助別人看成是我們的責任。We regard it our duty to help others.too.to.太而不能。這項工作太難了，你干不了。This job is too difficult for you to do. used to do 和 be used to doing我過去喜歡畫畫。I used to like painting我習慣每天畫畫.I am used to painting pictures everyday. not only .but also .,eithe

20、r .or , neither.nor你可以留在這兒也可以和我們一起去。You may either stay here or go with us.他既不知道也不關心發生了什么事。He neither knows nor cares what has happened.我不知道地址，他也不知道。I dont know the address, neither does he.你不僅滑稽而且機智。You are not only funny but also witty.后接不定式和動名詞意義不同的動詞，如remember, forget, regret, go on .我很遺憾地通知你，你被

21、解雇了。I regret to inform you that you are dismissed.去郵局時別忘了把包裹帶上。Dont forget to take the parcel with you when you go to the post office.我記得在哪兒見過他。I remember seeing him somewhere. 必須接動名詞的動詞或固定結構，如mind, cant help ,have trouble doing sth.,It is worth doing sth., It is no good doing sth.（做某事是沒用的），It is no

22、 use doing sth.等。你介意我開窗戶嗎？Do you mind my opening the window?我禁不住大哭起來。I cant help laughing.我發動不了汽車了。I had trouble getting the car started.現在給他打電話也沒用。It is no use calling him now.這本書值得讀。It is worth reading.北京地區成人本科學士學位英語統一考試2006年4月22日真題 (A卷)漢譯英81. 他起得很早為的是趕上第一班公共汽車。82. 直到昨天晚上他才改變了他的主意。83. 同意這項建議的請舉手。84. 無論多忙，你都應該抽時間看望父母。85. 每次訪問他們都會發現這個城市呈