1、2020屆上海市復興中學高三下學期三月月考英語試題四、詞匯 （10%）it is getting hard to go anywhere without stepping on a piece of lego-related hype (大肆宣傳). “the lego movie” is number two at the american box office, after three weeks at number one. model kits _1_ to the film are piled high in the shops. they will add to the alrea

2、dy gigantea of lego bits: 86 for every person on the planet. the toymaker has enjoyed ten years of spectacular growth, almost quadrupling (四倍) its _2_.this is remarkable for many reasons. legos home town, billund in rural denmark, is so small that the company had to provide it with a hotel-an elegan

3、t one, unsurprisingly. the toy business is one of the worlds trickiest: perennially faddish (反復出現(xiàn)地一時流行的事物) (remember beanie babies?) and, at the moment, energized by technological innovation. children are growing up ever faster, and abandoning the _3_ world for the virtual. to cap it all, the compan

4、y almost collapsed in 2003-04, having drifted for years, _4_ into too many areas, producing too many products.legos decade of success began when it appointed jorgen vig knudstorp as chief executive. this was a risky move: mr. knudstorp was a mere 35 years old and had cut his teeth as a management co

5、nsultant with mckinsey rather than running a business. but it proved to be inspired. mr. knudstorp decided that the company must go “back to the _5_”: focusing on its core products, forgetting about brand-stretching, and even selling its theme parks. he also brought in stricter management controls,

6、for example reducing the number of different pieces that the company produced from 12,900 to 7,000.under mr. knudstorp lego has struck a successful balance between _6_ and tradition. the company has to _7_ new ideas to keep its sales growing: customers need a reason to expand their stock of bricks,

7、and to buy them from lego rather than cheaper rivals. but at the same time, it must resist the sort of undisciplined innovation that almost ruined it. lego produces a stream of kits with _8_ designs, such as forts and spaceships, to provide children with templates (模板). but it also insists that the

8、pieces can be added to the childs collection of bricks, and reused to make all sorts of other things.lego has got better at managing its relationships. “the lego movie” demonstrates how it can focus on the brick while _9_ into the virtual world: warner bros. made the film while lego provided the mod

9、els. during its years of drift, it relied too much on other firms blockbuster franchises, such as harry potter and star wars. this time its intellectual property, not someone elses, is the star of the film. it has also got better at tapping its legion of fans-particularly adult fans of lego, or afol

10、s-for new ideas.lego is now at an inflection point (轉(zhuǎn)折點) building its organizational _10_ and embracing globalization, to help it find new sources of growth. the aim is twofold: to replicate in the rapidly growing east legos success in the west; and transform a local company that happened to go glob

11、al into a global company that happens to have its head office in billund.【答案】1. f 2. c 3. a 4. h 5. b 6. i 7. e 8. d 9. j 10. g【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了無論去哪里，都很難不被與樂高相關的炒作所影響。樂高電影在美國票房榜上排名第二，此前三周一直位居榜首。樂高這家玩具制造商經(jīng)歷了10年的高速增長，收入幾乎翻了兩番。文章主要分析了樂高成功背后的一些原因。【1題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：與電影相關的模型套裝在商店里堆得高高的。結(jié)合句意表示“與相關”短語為be r

12、elated to，且分析句子結(jié)構可知relate在句中作非謂語動詞，與邏輯主語model kits構成被動關系，故用過去分詞。故填related。故選f。【2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這家玩具制造商經(jīng)歷了10年的高速增長，收入幾乎翻了兩番。根據(jù)上文its為形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞，且結(jié)合句意表示“收入”應用名詞revenue。故填revenue。故選c。【3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：孩子們成長得越來越快，拋棄了物質(zhì)世界，進入了虛擬世界。修飾后文名詞world應用形容詞，且表示“物質(zhì)的”應用physical，故填physical。故選a。【4題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：最糟糕的是，這家公司在2

13、003-2004年幾乎破產(chǎn)，多年來一直在擴大經(jīng)營，進入了太多的領域，生產(chǎn)了太多的產(chǎn)品。結(jié)合句意表示“擴大經(jīng)營范圍”應用動詞diversify，且分析句子結(jié)構可知diversify在句中作非謂語動詞，與邏輯主語company構成主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填diversifying。故選h。【5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：knudstorp決定，公司必須“重回正軌”：專注于核心產(chǎn)品，忘記品牌延伸，甚至出售主題公園。根據(jù)上文the可知應填名詞，且結(jié)合句意表示“重回正軌”應用back to the brick。故填brick。故選b。【6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：在knudstorp的領導下，樂高成功地在創(chuàng)

14、新與傳統(tǒng)之間取得了平衡。根據(jù)后文and tradition可知此處應填名詞，且表示“創(chuàng)新”故用innovation。故填innovation。故選i。【7題詳解】考查動詞。句意：該公司必須想出新點子來保持銷售額的增長：客戶需要一個理由來增加樂高積木的庫存，并從樂高那里購買積木，而不是從更便宜的競爭對手那里購買。結(jié)合句意表示“想出；生成”應用動詞generate，且根據(jù)上文have to do sth.可知應填動詞原形。故填generate。故選e。【8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：樂高生產(chǎn)一系列現(xiàn)成設計的玩具，比如堡壘和宇宙飛船，為孩子們提供模板。修飾后文名詞designs應用形容詞，且表示“現(xiàn)成

15、的”形容詞為ready-made。故填ready-made。故選d。【9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：樂高電影展示了它如何在進軍虛擬世界的同時專注于磚塊：華納兄弟制作了這部電影，而樂高提供了模型。結(jié)合句意表示“進軍；敢于冒險”應用動詞venture，且分析句子結(jié)構可知venture在句中作非謂語動詞，與邏輯主語構成主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填venturing。故選j。【10題詳解】考查名詞。句意：樂高現(xiàn)在正處于一個拐點，它正在增強自己的組織能力，并擁抱全球化，以幫助它找到新的增長點。根據(jù)上文形容詞organizational修飾名詞可知應填名詞，且結(jié)合句意表示“能力”名詞為capacity。

16、故填capacity。故選g。五、完型 （15%）non-native speciesthe introduction of non-native “exotic” species is now seen as a major threat to biodiversity. in 1825, a particularly vigorous female clone of itadori (called japanese knotweed) was introduced into holland and later _11_ throughout europe by the plant coll

17、ector and nurseryman (園丁), von seybold. british gardeners loved it and by 1886 it was even found growing on cinder tips in south wales. by the turn of the century, the plant had _12_ many other sites, and gardeners were advised against planting it in shrubberies. by 1994, it was almost everywhere-ra

18、ilways, riversides, hedgerows, cemeteries - swamping a wide range of habitats and displacing _13_ species. botanists fears that the plant is still spreading and may yet colonize other new habitats have generated recent attempts to eradicate it by mechanical and chemical methods, all _14_ as yet.the

19、evidence stacked against japanese knotweed is damning (足以定罪的). but there is a deep_15_ that behind the desire to correct human ecological cook-ups (策劃)- often manifested as a passion to save endangered species and vulnerable ecosystems - is a thinly disguised xenophobia (仇外心理); that we are simply se

20、eing yet another form of ecological imperialism (帝國主義) which defines what is “natural” based on human _16_but whatever our reaction to “problem” or alien species is, it must _17_ moral decisions. and who should make such decisions and to what _18_ they are accountable must also be up for review. the

21、 conclusions of scientists and other sections of society may differ _19_ about what to do about the introduced animals and plants. _20_ the scheme to control rabbits in australia by deliberately spreading the disease myxomatosis was a success in that huge numbers of rabbits were wiped out for the gr

22、eater good - the “health” of australian ecosystems. but would inflicting (使遭受) such a _21_ slow painful death on sentient (有感知能力的) creatures win popular support if it were proposed today?scientists of _22_ are by their very nature concerned with the organization of species into systems and not neces

23、sarily with the interests and well-being of _23_, particularly those that are seen as a threat to the maintenance of those systems. yet there is a growing feeling for the democratization of decisions concerning nonhuman life. the _24_ towards environmental values must surely involve a movement away

24、from imperialism and a search for a relationship with nature as it truly is, rather than as we would design it. then, when our _25_ has/have long disappeared, we may yet come to honor the humble itadori.11. a. distributedb. seenc. foundd. appreciated12. a. attachedb. attractedc. colonizedd. settled1

25、3. a. rareb. abnormalc. normald. extinct14. a. in turnb. in vainc. in needd. in all15. a. delightb. astonishmentc. dissatisfactiond. anxiety16. a. protectionb. systemc. preferencesd. invasion17. a. excludeb. involvec. objectd. eliminate18. a. scopeb. intentionc. extentd. respect19. a. similarlyb. in

26、tensivelyc. slightlyd. vastly20. a. in factb. in other wordsc. for instanced. in conclusion21. a. interestinglyb. instructivelyc. thrillinglyd. horrifically22. a. biodiversityb. naturalismc. botanyd. species23. a. naturalistsb. regionsc. environmentsd. individuals24. a. demonstrationb. paradec. cele

27、brationd. campaign25. a. planetb. lawnsc. universed. habitats【答案】11. a 12. c 13. a 14. b 15. d 16. c 17. b 18. c 19. d 20. c 21. d 22. a 23. d 24. d 25. b【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要說明了非本地“外來”物種的引進現(xiàn)在被視為對生物多樣性的主要威脅的問題，文章指出由誰做出引進外來生物決定，以及他們對此問題應負多大責任，都是值得商榷的問題，同時提出應當更加明確地提出決策民主化的觀點。文章最后指出，人們在探索環(huán)境價值的過程中應該積極地探索與大自然

28、的關系，而不是憑著人類的喜好去設計自然。【11題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：1825年，一個特別有活力的itadori（日本虎杖）雌性克隆植物被引入荷蘭，后來被植物收藏家和保育員von seybold傳遍歐洲。英國的園丁們很喜歡它，到1886年，在南威爾士甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)它生長在爐渣尖上。a. distributed分布；b. seen看見；c. found找到；d. appreciated欣賞。根據(jù)后文throughout europe可知指的是itadori在歐洲各地分布開來。故選a。【12題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在世紀之交的時候，這種植物已經(jīng)占領了許多其他的地方，園丁們被建議不要將它種

29、植在灌木叢中。a. attached附上；b. attracted吸引；c. colonized開拓殖民地，占領；d. settled解決。根據(jù)后文may yet colonize other new habitats可知這種itadori分布的地區(qū)非常廣泛了，占領了許多其他地方。colonized此處指“將開拓為殖民地，占領”。故選c。【13題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：到1994年，它幾乎無處不在鐵路、河岸、灌木籬墻、墓地淹沒了大量的棲息地，取代了稀有物種。a. rare稀有的；b. abnormal反常的；c. normal正常的；d. extinct滅絕的。根據(jù)上文可知itador

30、i迅速擴散，占領了許多其他地區(qū)，并將這些棲息地中稀有的（rare）物種也取代了。故選a。【14題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：植物學家擔心這種植物仍在蔓延，可能還會占領其他新的棲息地，因此最近嘗試用機械和化學方法來根除這種植物，但迄今為止都徒勞無功。a. in turn依次；b. in vain徒勞地；c. in need在困境中；d. in all總共。根據(jù)后文as yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折，可知植物學家想要根除這種植物的努力最終都成了徒勞。故選b。【15題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但人們深感焦慮的是，在糾正往往表現(xiàn)為熱衷于拯救瀕危物種和脆弱生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的人類生態(tài)烹飪行為的愿望背后，隱藏著幾乎毫不掩飾

31、的仇外心理。a. delight高興；b. astonishment驚訝；c. dissatisfaction不滿；d. anxiety憂慮，焦慮。根據(jù)thinly disguised xenophobia (仇外心理)。幾乎毫不掩飾的仇外心理使人們深感焦慮。故選d。【16題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不利于虎杖的依據(jù)是確定無疑的，但還存在一層更深的憂慮。那就是在糾正人類給生態(tài)帶來的災禍的愿望背后通常表現(xiàn)為一種挽救瀕臨滅絕的動物和脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的激情是一種未經(jīng)多少掩飾的仇外情結(jié)。那憂慮還在于我們看到了另一種生態(tài)帝國主義，以人類的喜好來決定什么是“自然的”。a. protection保護；b.

32、 system系統(tǒng)；c. preferences喜好，偏好；d. invasion入侵。根據(jù)上文ecological imperialism可知人類是憑自己喜好來決定什么是“自然的”。故選c。【17題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但無論我們對“問題”或外來物種的反應如何，都必須涉及道德決定。a. exclude排除；b. involve牽涉；c. object反對；d. eliminate消除。根據(jù)后文moral decisions可知人們對于外來物種的反應都要涉及（involve）道德決定。故選b。【18題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：誰應該做這樣的決定以及他們對這樣的問題應負責的程度也必須

33、被重新認識。a. scope范圍；b. intention意圖；c. extent程度；d. respect尊重。根據(jù)后文they are accountable must also be up for review可知此處指人們對這樣的問題應負責的程度也必須被重新認識。故選c。【19題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：科學家和其他社會部門的結(jié)論的不同可能很大部分在于如何對待已經(jīng)成為日常生活共同特色的外來的動植物。a. similarly相似地；b. intensively強烈地；c. slightly輕微地；d. vastly極大地。結(jié)合后文的例子可知科學家和其他社會部門對于外來動植物結(jié)論很大不

34、同。故選d。【20題詳解】考查短語辨析。句意：例如，澳大利亞通過故意散布多發(fā)黏液瘤病來控制兔子的數(shù)量并取得了成功。大量的兔子為了更大的利益澳大利亞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的“健康”而被消滅。a. in fact實際上；b. in other words換句話說；c. for instance例如；d. in conclusion總之。此處為上文“科學家和其他社會部門的結(jié)論的不同”舉例，故應用短語for instance。故選c。21題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，如果今天提出，對有知覺的生物施以如此可怕的緩慢痛苦的死亡，會贏得民眾的支持嗎？a. interestingly有趣地；b. instructi

35、vely有益地；c. thrillingly令人激動地；d. horrifically極其可怕地。根據(jù)后文slow painful death on sentient creatures可知，人類用可怕的疾病緩慢地殺死了他們。故選d。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：生物多樣性科學家的本質(zhì)是關注物種組成系統(tǒng)，而不一定關注單個生物的利益和福祉，特別是那些被視為對維持這些系統(tǒng)的威脅的單個生物的利益和福祉。a. biodiversity生物多樣性；b. naturalism自然主義；c. botany植物學；d. species種類。此處呼應第一段第一句the introduction of n

36、on-native “exotic” species is now seen as a major threat to biodiversity.中biodiversity。故選a。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：生物多樣性科學家的本質(zhì)是關注物種組成系統(tǒng)，而不一定關注單個生物的利益和福祉，特別是那些被視為對維持這些系統(tǒng)的威脅的單個生物的利益和福祉。a. naturalists自然主義者；b. regions地區(qū)；c. environments環(huán)境；d. individuals個人。結(jié)合上下文語境，科學家關心的是物種組成系統(tǒng)，而非單個的個體生物利益和生存狀態(tài)，故選d。【24題詳解】考查名詞

37、詞義辨析。句意：爭取環(huán)境價值的運動肯定包括一場生態(tài)帝國主義運動，以及尋求與自然的真實關系，而不是我們所設計的關系a. demonstration證明；b. parade游行；c. celebration慶祝；d. campaign運動。根據(jù)后文must surely involve a movement可知此處指“爭取環(huán)境價值的運動”。故選d。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：于是，當我們大片大片的草地消失的時候，我們才可能來尊敬卑賤的itadori。a. planet行星；b. lawns草地；c. universe宇宙；d. habitats棲息地。根據(jù)we may yet come

38、to honor the humble itadori.可知當我們大片大片的草地消失的時候，我們才可能來尊敬卑賤的itadori。故選b。六、閱讀 （16%）the case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. a school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become

39、 “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go.but college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. and now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious

40、. college graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out-often encouraged by co

41、llege administrators.some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves-they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. but that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness. others blame the state of the world, and they are partly righ

42、t. we have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. but disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.some adventuresome educators and watchers ha

43、ve openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. we may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences.

44、 perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things-may it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. and perhaps all

45、those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. this is heresy (離經(jīng)叛道的想法 ) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better.but contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.26. accord

46、ing to the author, _.a. people used to question the value of college educationb. people used to have full confidence in higher educationc. all high school graduates went to colleged. very few high school graduates chose to go to college27. in the 2nd paragraph, "those who don't fit the patt

47、ern" refer to _.a. high school graduates who aren't suitable for college education.b. college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis.c. college students who aren't any better for their higher educationd. high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college.28. according

48、 to the passage the problems of college education partly originate in the fact that _.a. society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained graduates.b. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.c. too many students have to earn their own living.d. college administrators

49、 encourage students to drop out.29. in this passage the author argues that _.a. more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduatesb. college education is not enough if one wants to be successfulc. college education benefits only the intelligent, ambiti

50、ous, and quick-learning peopled. intelligent people may learn quicker if they don't go to college【答案】26. b 27. c 28. a 29. a【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。傳統(tǒng)認為上大學能幫助他們掙更多的錢，成為“更好的”人，成會比別人更負責任的公民，但是一些事實證明大學也許不是高中畢業(yè)后每個年輕人最好的、合適的、唯一的地方。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中a school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom an

51、d statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become "better" people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go.可知傳統(tǒng)觀點和統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明，學校畢業(yè)生應該去上大學，因為大學將幫助他們賺更多的錢，成為“更好的”人，并學會比那些不上大學的人更有責任感。由此判斷出，作者認為，人們過去對高等教育充滿信心。故選b。【27題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中college

52、graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school.可知大學畢業(yè)生賣鞋、開出租車；大學生在激烈研究生入學競爭中相互干擾實驗，寫虛假推薦信。由此可知，在第二段中“those who don't fit the pattern”

53、指的是對他們的高等教育沒有任何好處的大學生。故選c。【28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中we have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. but disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.可知

54、我們被告知，年輕人必須上大學，因為我們的經(jīng)濟無法吸收大批未經(jīng)訓練的18歲年輕人。但失望的畢業(yè)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)，社會也無法再吸納一支訓練有素的22歲少年。由此可知，大學教育的問題部分源于這樣一個事實，即社會不能為受過良好訓練的畢業(yè)生提供足夠的工作。故選a。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中and perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. this is heresy to those of us who hav

55、e been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better.可知也許所有那些成功的大學畢業(yè)生都會成功，不管他們是否上過大學。這對于我們這些從小就被教育的人來說是異端邪說，因為我們相信，如果一點點的教育是好的，那么會越多越好。以及最后一段but contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.可知但相反的證據(jù)正開始增多。由此可推知，作者認為，越來越多的證據(jù)表明，大學教育可能不是高中畢業(yè)生最好的事情。故選a。【點睛】詞義猜測題是高考閱讀理

56、解中常考題型之一，可以大致分為 定義猜詞，可以根據(jù)定義信息和舉例猜測詞義。如文中常用refer to, be called或that's to say, such as等。 邏輯猜詞可以根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、因果關系詞等猜測詞義，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜詞與這些提示詞前/后面部分的含義一樣、相反或是前因后果。 語法猜詞，可以根據(jù)構詞法，再結(jié)合上下文進行猜詞。 語境猜詞，猜測詞義離不開上下文的語境，通過上下文提供的情景和線索進行合理的分析，同時還

57、要關注其所在的整段及整篇文章。 指代猜詞即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關系代詞或關系副詞等所指代內(nèi)容，做題時要注意指代詞的位置，以便于判斷，然后用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換劃線代詞，核實其邏輯、意義、位置等是否一致，最后比較所找部分與選項，確定意思最接近的選項。如第二小題，根據(jù)第二段中college graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in th

58、e intense competition for admission to graduate school.可知大學畢業(yè)生賣鞋、開出租車；大學生在激烈的研究生入學競爭中相互干擾實驗，寫虛假推薦信。由此可知，在第二段中“those who don't fit the pattern”指的是對他們的高等教育沒有任何好處的大學生。故選c。as recently as 15 years ago, if you wanted to catch up on the news, you could look at a handful of publications or a few nightly programs. and if you wanted to listen to music, you could turn on mtv or fiddle with your radio. people in major citi