1、專業八級翻譯-練習十（總分：100.00，做題時間：90分鐘）一、SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTran slate the un derl ined part of the followi ng text into En glish.（總題數：5,分數：50.00）1. 中國家庭一向尊老愛幼。在大家庭里，老一輩人的意見受到尊重，小一輩的人得到全家的愛護。中國憲 法規定贍養父母是成年子女義不容辭的責任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年輕夫婦給老人生活費并 幫助他們干家務活兒。在農村，盡管大家庭解體了，許多結了婚的兒子和他的家人還與父母住在同一個院 子里。對他們來說，分

2、家不過是分灶而已。結了婚的兒子往往把房子蓋在父母家附近這樣父母和子女互 相幫助、探望都和過去一樣方便。（分數：10.00） 正確答案：（In extended families, older member's opinion was respected, and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by all. China's constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents. In

3、 the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents give the latter living allowances and help them with the house chores. In the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their pa

4、rents. To them, breaking up the extended family means cooking their meals separately. Married sons most often have their houses built near their parents' home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.）解析：難點注釋1. 在大家庭里：譯為 in extended families 。2. 中國憲法規定

5、贍養父母是成年子女義不容辭的責任：譯為China's constitution stipulates thatgrown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents，此處是將名詞短語 “成年子女義不容辭的責任"譯成主謂結構。“憲法”譯為constitution ，“規定”譯為stipulate ，"贍養父母”譯為support their parents 。3. 生活費：living allowances 。4. 解體：譯為 dissolve。5. 對他們來說，分家不過是分灶而已：此處的"分家&q

6、uot;理解為"大家庭的解散”，譯為breaking up the extended family ，"分灶”譯為 cooking their meals separately 。6結了婚的兒子往往把房子蓋在父母家附近，這樣父母和子女互相幫助、探望都和過去一樣方便：此句較長，但結構清晰，"這樣”可譯為現在分詞短語，即making it convenient for parents and childrento help and visit each other as before。2. 我們找不岀話來了。對于這樣的問題我還沒有仔細思索過。在我知道了他的慘痛遭遇以后

7、，我究竟應該 拿什么話應對他呢？我看不見那個小子的臉，不知道他臉上的表情，但是從他剛才的話里，我知道對于他另外有一個世界存在。 沒有家，沒有愛，沒有溫暖，只有一根生活的鞭子在趕他。然而他能夠倔強！他能夠恨！他能夠用自己的兩只手舉起生活的擔子，不害怕，不悲哀。他能夠做別的生在富裕的環境里的小孩所不能夠做的事情，而且有著他們所不敢有的思想。生活畢竟是一個熔爐。它能夠鍛煉岀這樣倔強的孩子來。甚至人世間最慘痛的遭遇也打不倒他。（分數：10.00） 正確答案：(I couldn't read his countenance without seeing his face. However, ju

8、dging from whathe had said, he was evidently living in a world of his ownbereft of home, love or warmth, andflogged by the scourge of life. But he acted unyieldingly and was filled with bitter hatred. He was using both hands to bear the burden of life. He was never scared or discouraged. He could ac

9、hieve what children from well-to-do families could not achieve, and he had ideas that they didn't dare to have.Life is a melting pot which hardens the will of children like him so that they are able to withstand the bitterest blows of life ever.)解析：難點注釋1 我看不見那個小子的臉，不知道他臉上的表情：此句暗含因果關系，“看不見那個小子的臉”

10、是因，可譯為 without seeing his face，“不知道他臉上的表情”最好譯為couldn't read his countenance 。2但是從他剛才的話里，我知道對于他另外有一個世界存在。沒有家，沒有愛，沒有溫暖，只有一根生活 的鞭子在趕他：分析這兩句，后一句是對前一句中“另外一個世界”的解釋，故兩個可并為一句，用破折 號連接，即 However, judging from what he had said, he was evidently living in a world of his own bereft of home, love or warmth, a

11、nd flogged by the scourge of life.3. 他能夠倔強：譯為 he acted unyieldingly 。4. 他能夠恨：可理解為“他充滿著仇恨”，即譯為 he was filled with bitter hatred。5. 舉起生活的擔子：譯為bear the burden of life 。6生活畢竟是一個熔爐。它能夠鍛煉岀這樣倔強的孩子來。甚至人世間最慘痛的遭遇也打不倒他：這三句 話意義聯系緊密，可以譯為一句話。“人世間最慘痛的遭遇也打不倒他”也就是“他能夠戰勝人世間最慘 痛的遭遇”，整句可澤為 Life is a melting pot which h

12、ardens the will of children like him so that they are able to withstand the bitterest blows of life ever。3. 吹牛是一種夸大狂，在道德家看來，也許認為是缺點，可是在處世接物上卻是一種呱呱叫的妙用。假使 你這一生缺少了吹牛的本領，別說好飯碗找不到，就連黃包車夫也不放你在眼里的。西洋人究竟近乎白癡，什么事都只講究腳踏實地去做，這樣費力氣的勾當，我們聰明的中國人，簡直連牙 齒都要笑掉了。西洋人什么事都講究按部就班地慢慢動作來，從來沒有平地登天的捷徑，而我們中國人專 走捷徑，而走捷徑的第一個法門，

13、就是吹牛。吹牛是一件不可看輕的藝術，就如修辭學上不可缺少“夸張”一類的東西一樣。像李太白什么“黃河之水 天上來”，又是什么“白發三千丈”，這在修辭學上就叫做“夸張”，而在不懂修辭學的人看來，就覺得 李太白在吹牛了。(分數：10.00) 正確答案：(Because of their earnest and down-to-earth approach to work, westerners are, in the eyes of Chinese smarties, next door to idiotic. They are being laughed at by Chinese smartie

14、s for the tremendous amount of energy they put into their activities. While westerners go about whatever work they do methodically and patiently, never dreaming of reaching great heights in one step, we Chinese are always given to seeking a shortcut and regard the ability to boast as the master key

15、to it.Boasting is an essential art of life just as hyperbole is an indispensable rhetorical figure.The Tang dynasty poet Li Bai's famous lines "The Yellow River comes from the sky" and "My white hair of thirty thousand feet", examples of hyperbole, which, to those who know li

16、ttle about the art of rhetoric, may sound like a gross exaggeration of the part of the poet.)解析：難點注釋1. 西洋人究竟近乎白癡，什么事都只講究腳踏實地去做，這樣費力氣的勾當，我們聰明的中國人，簡直 連牙齒都要笑掉了：此句可翻譯成兩個句子，首先“西洋人究竟近乎白癡，什么事都只講究腳踏實地去做” 翻譯在in the eyes of Chinese smarties句子里。然后再翻譯“這樣費力氣的勾當，我們聰明的中國人，簡直連牙齒都要笑掉了”，即 They are being laughed at by

17、 Chinese smarties for the tremendous amount of energy they put into their activities 。注意“笑掉大牙”只是一種程度修飾，不必逐字譯出。 2從來沒有平地登天的捷徑：譯為never dreaming of reaching great heights in one step。3專走捷徑：此處的“專”有“喜歡，沉溺于”的意思，可譯為be given to ，“走捷徑”也就是“尋找捷徑”，即 seek a shortcut。4法門：也就是“關鍵、萬能鑰匙”，即master key 。5吹牛：譯為 boast 。6“夸

18、張”：譯為 hyperbole 。7像李太白什么“黃河之水天上來”，又是什么“白發三千丈”，這在修辭學上就叫做“夸張”：此 句漢語表達比較口語化，如“像什么，又是什么”都不必譯出，其中的兩句詩句只要按字面意思 譯出即可。整句譯為 The Tang dynasty poet Li Bai's famous lines“The Yellow River comes from thesky” and “ My white hair of thirty thousand feet”，examples of hyperbole.。4. 作家有三種死法。一曰自然的死，二曰痛苦的死，三曰快樂的死。

19、自然的死屬于心臟停止跳動，是一種普遍的死亡形式，沒有特色，可以略而不議。快樂的死和痛苦的死不 屬于心臟停止跳動，是人還活著，作品已經或幾乎是沒有了 !作家沒有了作品， 可以看做是個人藝術生命的死亡、 職業的停頓。 其中有些人是因為年事已高， 力不從心。 這不是藝術的死亡，而是藝術的離休，他自己無可自責，社會也會尊重他在藝術上曾經作出的貢獻。分數： 10.00 ) 正確答案： (A writer can die three kinds of death: natural death, painful death, and happy death. Natural death, caused by

20、 the discontinuation of heartbeat, is a common form of death with no characteristics of its own, and therefore may as well be left out without any comment. In the case of happy death and painful death, which are not caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat, the writer, alive as he is, has stopped

21、or almost stopped writing!When a writer no longer produces any works, it is tantamount to the death of his artistic life or the end of his career. Some writers lay down their pens because they are too old to be equal to the task. We call it retirement from art rather than death of art. They have not

22、hing to blame themselves for. And society at large will pay tribute to the contributions they have already made to art.)解析： 難點注釋 1 作家有三種死法。一曰自然的死，二曰痛苦的死，三曰快樂的死：兩句中第二個句子是對第一個句子的 補充說明，因此可合譯為一個句子。第二句中“一曰”、“二曰”、“三曰”可省略不譯。“作家有三種 死法”可譯為 A writer can die three kinds of death。2自然的死屬于心臟停止跳動，是一種普遍的死亡形式，沒有特色。可

23、以略而不議：此句是漢語中常見的 流水句，該句的語義重心在于“是一種普遍的死亡形式”和“可以略而不議”，這兩部分可譯為句子的主 干。3. 心臟停止跳動：可轉譯為名詞詞組the discontinuation of heartbeat。4. 沒有特色：可譯為介詞短語with no characteristics of its own。5. 屬于：不宜逐字譯為belongs to ，其在文中應指“由引起"，故應譯為caused by。6. 快樂的死和痛苦的死不屬于心臟停止跳動：可譯為 In the case of happy death and painful death,，其中 in t

24、he case of 為增譯部分which are not caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat但他已經停筆或差不多停筆了7. 是人還活著， 作品已經或幾乎是沒有了： 此處指的是“作家雖然活著， 故可譯為 the writer, alive as he is, has stopped or almost stopped writing.8作家沒有了作品：可譯為 when引導的時間狀語從句，后部分可澤為it作形式主語的句型9. 可以看作：即“相當于”，可譯為it is tantamount to10. 職業的停頓：可譯為 the end of hi

25、s career 。，其中 the task 為增譯的賓語。11 .年事已高，力不從心：可譯為 be too old to be equal to the task12這不是藝術的死亡，而是藝術的離休，他自己無可自責，社會也會尊重他在藝術上曾經作岀的貢獻：此句可拆譯為三個獨立的句子。第一部分“這不是藝術的死亡，而是藝術的離休”可譯為We call itretirement from art rather than death of art。第二部分中“無可自責”可譯為 have nothing to blamethemselves for 。第三部分中 “尊重貢獻” 可譯為 pay tribu

26、te to the contributions。5.長期以來，科學同藝術之間的關系一直是剃頭擔子一頭熱：科學熱戀著藝術，藝術卻拒科學于千里之外。許多大科學家一生鐘愛藝術，且懂藝術，從中汲取養料，善養浩然之氣，或得到人生最大安慰。相反，熱愛自然科學并且理解工程技術的文學藝術家真可謂鳳毛麟角。藝術家對自然科學望而生畏，敬而遠之，原因之一是里面有一大堆高深的數學公式。其實，撇開學，繞過那一大堆公式，一門學科的基本思想還是可以被我們理解和欣賞的。這恰如我們雖然看不懂莫扎特樂曲的總譜，卻照樣能同它的主旋律產生共鳴，擊節稱贊。（分數：10.00）正確答案：(Many renowned scientists

27、 love art all their lives. They understand art, and are verygood at getting nutrients from art to enhance their noble spirits or to derive the greatest comfort from burdens of life. On the contrary, a literary artist who loves natural science and has someidea about engineering technology can be well

28、 regarded as a rarity of rarities. One of the reasons why artists stand in awe before science or keep a respectful distance from it is that science involves a huge stack of abstruse mathematical formulas. But leaving aside mathematics and bypassing that huge stack, we are still able to give a passio

29、nate response to its main melody, greatly admiring the music although we can read nothing of the score of Mozart's musical pieces.) 解析：難點注釋1 許多大科學家一生鐘愛藝術，且懂藝術，從中汲取養料，善養浩然之氣，或得到人生最大安慰：此句句子較長，可斷為兩句翻譯。“許多大科學家一生鐘愛藝術”譯為一句，此處的“大科學家”也就是“知名 科學家"，可譯為 renowned scientists 。“汲取養料”譯為 get nutrients，“浩然之氣

30、”譯為noblespirits 。2 .熱愛自然科學并且理解工程技術的文學藝術家真可謂鳳毛麟角：此句顯然要用到定語從句。“自然科學”譯為 natural science ，“工程技術”譯為 engineering technology，“鳳毛麟角”譯為 a rarity ofrarities 。3. 望而生畏，敬而遠之：“望而生畏”譯為 stand in awe before sth.， “敬而遠之”譯為 keep a respectful distance from sth. 。4. 一大堆高深的數學公式：“一大堆”譯為a huge stack of ，“高深的”用來形容數學公式，可譯為 a

31、bstruse 。5其實，撇開學，繞過那一大堆公式，卻照樣能同它的主旋律產生共鳴，擊節稱贊：這兩句話意思上 連接緊密，后一句是對前一句的類比，可譯為一句話。此處的“其實”有轉折之意，可譯為but o6. 撇開：譯為leave aside ，根據上下文要增譯出mathematics 。7. 繞過：譯為 bypass。8 門學科的基本思想還是可以被我們理解和欣賞的:此處要將原文的被動句轉譯為主動句，即wearestill able to give a passionate response to its main melody， greatly admiring the music althoug

32、h we can read nothing of the score of Mozart's musical pieces。二、SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETran slate the un derl ined part of the followi ng text into Chin ese.(總題數：5,分數：50.00)6. When the leaders of media, telecommunications, IT and Internet companies congregate, as they did recently in Davos,

33、 the talk is upbeat about new accomplishments but subdued about recent ordeals: the dotcom bubble; the telecoms crash; the music industry bust; the advertising downturn; the e-publishing revenue stagnation; the PCslowdown; the wireless saturation; the semiconductor slump; the newspaper recession; th

34、e R&D retrenchment. And the question is, why do these predicaments sweep over the information sector so regularly?The prevalence of these problems points to fundamental issues beyond a specific industry or short-term period. Instead, we need to recognize that the entire information sector from m

35、usicto newspapers to telecoms to Internet to semiconductors and anything in-between has becomesubject to a gigantic market failure in slow motion. A market failure exists when market prices cannot reach a self-sustaining equilibrium. The market failure of the entire information sector is one of the

36、fundamental trends of our time, with far-reaching long-term effects, and it is happening fight in front of our eyes.The basic structural reason for this problem is that information products are characterized by high fixed costs and low marginal costs. They are expensive to produce but cheap to repro

37、duce and distribute, and therefore exhibit strong economies of scale with incentives to an over-supply. Second, more information products are continuously being offered to users. And information products and services are becoming more "commodified", open, and competitive.（分數：10.00） 正確答案：（上

38、述低迷狀況如此普遍，說明岀現了一些根本性的問題，這些問題不僅限于某個行業，也不僅 是短期內存在。相反，我們需要認識到，整個信息產業，從音樂、報紙、電信、互聯網、半導體到業內任 何領域，都已逐漸受到一個巨大的市場缺陷的影響。當市場價格不能達到自我持續的平衡時，市場就存在 某種缺陷。整個信息業的市場缺陷是我們這個時代的根本趨勢之一，這種缺陷具有深遠、長期的影響，而 且正在我們眼前發生。這一問題基本的結構性原因在于，信息產品的特點就是固定成本高，而邊際成本低。它們的生產成本高昂， 但再生產和銷售的成本低廉，因而展現岀強大的規模經濟效益，并容易誘發供應過量。另外，有越來越多 的信息產品正源源不斷地提供

39、給用戶，而信息產品和服務正變得愈加“商品化”、愈加開放，彼此競爭愈 加激烈。） 解析：難點注釋1. prevalence :普遍性。2. points to fundamental issues beyond a specific industry or short-term period: 說明出現了一些根本性的問題，這些問題不僅限于某個行業、也不僅是短期內存在。fundamental issues 即“根本性的問題”，其后為介詞短語作定語，該定語過長，不宜譯為“的”，所以拆譯為另一個完整的分句。3. anything in-between:業內的任何領域。4. be subject to

40、:受到的影響。5. a self-sustaining equilibrium:自我持續的平衡。6. far-reaching long-term effects:深遠、長期的影響。7. fixed costs :固定成本。8. marginal costs :邊際成本。9. be characterized by :特點是，注意此處被動語態的靈活處理。10. strong economies of scale:強大的規模經濟效益。11. with incentives to over-supply :容易誘發供應過量。此處在with前斷句，翻譯成另外一句話，所 以incentive 在翻譯時

41、也進行了詞性轉換，譯成動詞。7. My brother had some clever men among his friends whose writings added to the success of the newspaper. These gentlemen often visited us. Hearing their conversation, and their accounts of the approval their articles had received, I became excited and decided to write a piece of my ow

42、n. But still being a boy, and suspecting that my brother would object to printing anything of mine, I wrote an article and left it unsigned. At night, I put it under the door of the printing house. It was found in the morning, and shown to his writing friends when they came to visit. They read it an

43、d gave their opinions. I had the wonderful pleasure of finding it met with theirapproval, and that, in their different guesses as to the author, they named men of learning and imagination. I suppose now that I was lucky in my judges, and that perhaps my writings were not as good as I then thought.（分

44、數：10.00）正確答案：（哥哥有些朋友頗有才氣，他們寫的文章給報紙增色不少。這些人經常造訪我們。聽到他們談話，說他們的文章受到好評，我激動了，便決定也寫一篇。可我自己還是個孩子，恐怕不管寫什么，哥哥也不 愿刊登，于是我寫了篇匿名文章。夜晚，我把它放在印刷間的門底下。次日早晨有人撿起，并在哥哥的那 些撰稿朋友來訪時遞給他們看。他們看了，評論了一番。我聽到文章博得他們的贊賞，看他們對作者猜來 猜去，提到一些博學多思的人，真是高興不已。現在想來，我有他們來評判真算走運，我那些文章也許并 不像我當初想象的那樣妙。） 解析：難點注釋1. My brother had some clever men a

45、mong his friends whose writings added to the success of thenewspaper;第一句可斷句譯為兩個分句，即主句和定語從句各譯為一個分句。whose writings added to thesuccess of the newspaper 可譯為"他們寫的文章給報紙增色不少”。2. their accounts of the approval:指贊譽之詞，在此譯為“好評”即可。3. suspecting :譯為“恐怕，懷疑”。4. I wrote an article and left it unsigned: 合譯為 “我

46、寫了一篇匿名文章”。5. It was found in the morning ， and shown to his writing friends when they came to visit:此匕處被動句可轉譯為主動句，it was found in the morning譯為“次日早晨有人把信撿起”；his writingfriends譯為“那些撰稿的朋友”。6. I had the wonderful pleasure of finding it met with their approval, and that, in their different:這一句翻譯時可調整語序,安排

47、到句末；men of learning andguesses as to the author, they named men of learning and imagination以符合漢語先敘事后表態的特點，即把I had the wonderful pleasureimagination 可譯為"博學多思的人”it met with their approval若譯為“它遭到了贊同”則顯得拗口，應改為“博得他們的贊賞”。:句中judges指的是哥哥的撰稿朋友們，因此I was7. I suppose now that I was lucky in my judgeslucky

48、in my judges可譯為“我有他們來評判真算走運”8. Today I have read The Tempest. Among the many reasons which make me glad to have been born in England, one of the first is that I read Shakespeare in my mother tongue. If I try to imagine myself as one who cannot know him face to face, who hears him only speaking from

49、afar, and that in accents which only through the labouring intelligence can touch the living soul, there comes upon me a sense of chill discouragement, of dreary deprivation. I am wont to think that I can read Homer, and, assuredly, if any man enjoys him, it is I: but can I for a moment dream that H

50、omer yields me all his music, that his word is to me as to him who walked by the Hellenic shore when Hellas lived? I know that there reaches me across the vast of time no more than a faint and broken echo; I know that it would be fainter still, but for its blending with those memories of youth which

51、 are as a glimmer of the world's primeval glory. Let every land have joy of its poet; for the poet is the land itself, all its greatness and its sweetness, all that incommunicable heritage for which men live and die. As I close the book, love and reverence possess me. Whether does my full heart

52、turn to the great Enchanter, or to the Island upon which he has laid his spell? I know not. I cannot think of them apart.（分數：10.00） 正確答案：（我常這樣想，我可以讀懂荷馬，而且可以肯定地說，假如有誰欣賞荷馬的作品，那就是我；可是，我能夢想完全領悟他的音樂嗎?我能像當初在古希臘海灘上漫步的古希臘人那樣領會他詩篇里的每一個詞語嗎 ?我知道，越過廣袤的時空傳到我耳邊的只不過是一個微弱的、斷斷續續的回聲；我也知道，若不是 這回聲融匯著作為世界遠古時代榮光火花的富有青春活力

53、的記憶的話，這微弱的回聲還會更加微弱。讓每 一片土地都為它的詩人而感到歡欣吧；因為詩人就是土地本身，就是它的偉大和溫馨所在，就是人們置生 死于不顧而要繼承的遺產只能意會不能言傳的遺產。當我合上書時，心中充滿了愛和崇敬。我的整顆 心是轉向這位偉大的魔法師，還是轉向他施過魔法的島嶼?我不知道。我無法從思想上將他們分開。）解析： 難點注釋 1I am wont to.all his music：wont 本義為“慣常的，一貫的”，在此 I am wont to 可譯為“我常常”。副詞assuredly 可轉譯為動詞詞組“可以肯定地說”。2 Homer yields me all his music：

54、不可直譯為“荷馬把他所有的音樂都讓給我”，因為根據上文提到我能讀懂荷馬，故該句應譯為“我完全領悟荷馬的音樂”。3that his word is to me.Hellas lived：此處涉及文化常識，即 Hellenic 和 Hellas ，兩者分別譯為“古希臘的”和“希臘人”。his word在此可具體譯為“他詩篇里的每一個詞語”；him指的是who引導的定語從句所描述的那個人，即 Hellas 。4I know that.primeval glory：是個長句，但句子結構比較流暢，可采用順譯法處理。 reach me 在此可具體譯為“傳到我耳邊”； broken 譯為“斷斷續續的”。 n

55、o more than 不可譯為“不超過”，在此應 譯為“僅僅，只不過”。5but for ：含有假設之意，譯為“若不是 !”。6all that incommunicable heritage for which men live and die：可譯為“人們置生死于不顧而要繼承的遺產只能意會不能言傳的遺產”。7 love and reverence possess me ：可靈活譯為“我心中充滿了愛和崇敬”。8 Enchanter ：譯為“魔法師”。9 laid his spell：澤為“施加魔法”。10 I cannot think of them apart：可譯為“我無法從思想上將他

56、們分開”。9. To that new order we oppose the greater conception the moral order. A good society is ableto face schemes of world domination and foreign revolutions alike without fear.Since the beginning of our American history we have been engaged in changein a perpetual peaceful revolution a revolution w

57、hich goes on steadily, quietly adjusting itself to changing conditions without the concentration camp or the quicklime in the ditch. The world order which we seek is the cooperation of free countries, working together in a friendly, civilized society. This nation has placed its destiny in the hands

58、and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose.To that high concept there can be no end save victory.（分數： 10.00 ） 正確答案： （ 我們以道德秩序這偉大的觀念來反對那種新秩序。 一個真正好的社會， 能夠毫無恐懼地面對企 圖主宰世界以及在別國發動革命的各種計劃。自有美國歷史以來，我們就從事于改革從事不間斷的和平改革。我們持久地進行革命，沉靜地使革命 不斷適應外部變化的情況。我們的革命沒有集中營，也沒有萬人冢。我