1、10/13/20211Interpreting and General KnowledgeInterpreting and General K10/13/20212Basic QuestionsBasic Questions What is interpreting? What is general knowledge? Why is it important to interpreters? How do interpreters build up their general knowledge?10/13/20213What is interpreting?What is interpre

2、ting? Interpretingisthefacilitatingoforalorsign-languagecommunication,eithersimultaneouslyorconsecutively,betweenusersofdifferentlanguages.10/13/20214History of InterpretingHistory of Interpreting Interpretinghasbeeninexistenceeversincemanhasusedthespokenword. AttheInternationalLabourConferenceinGen

3、evain1927,simultaneousinterpretingwasusedfortheveryfirsttime. ItdevelopedandcameofageattheNurenbergTrialafterWWII.10/13/20215What is general knowledge?What is general knowledge? NOT common senseNOT common sense the basic level of practical knowledge and judgment that we all need to help us live in a

4、 reasonable and safe way -Wikipedia10/13/20216What is general knowledge?What is general knowledge? non-specialist encompassing a wide subject range domain knowledge: art, economics, law, fashion, etc.10/13/20217Why important?Why important? language proficiency(L) general knowledge(K) interpreting sk

5、ills(S)L LET ET K KNOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE S SPEAK!PEAK!10/13/20218How do interpreters build up How do interpreters build up general knowledge?general knowledge? Be a news junkie! Read up on subjects that interest you Read up on subjects that dont interest you Value little bits of learning Prepare for eve

6、ry one of our training sessions like you are preparing for a real conference10/13/20219 Interpreting is NOT ONLY about words, Interpreting is NOT ONLY about words, but Words and the World.but Words and the World. 美國(guó) UN UNESCO 勤勞勇敢 暴風(fēng)雪 psycologist eventful瑪麗有只小羊羔我度過(guò)了一個(gè)愉快的暑假會(huì)議在明斯克召開(kāi)退休第一年開(kāi)始收到養(yǎng)老金。Note T

7、aking好記性不如爛筆頭The worst pen is better than the best memory1. 學(xué)到的通用筆記符號(hào)2.自創(chuàng)筆記符號(hào)一、做口譯筆記時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)一、做口譯筆記時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)1.口譯筆記應(yīng)記要點(diǎn)，切忌求記“全”。口譯筆記是記憶的延伸或補(bǔ)充，不應(yīng)也不必取代記憶。口譯筆記的主要內(nèi)容是概念、命題、名稱(chēng)、數(shù)字、組織機(jī)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果關(guān)系等），筆記單位以表達(dá)意群的詞語(yǔ)和符號(hào)為主。2.口譯筆記求快求精，但不可潦草。3.口譯筆記可使用來(lái)源語(yǔ)，也可使用目標(biāo)語(yǔ)，也可以雙語(yǔ)兼用。只要有利于口譯的準(zhǔn)確性和流利性，不必拘泥于某種文字或符號(hào)。例如，“聯(lián)合

8、國(guó)大會(huì)”可筆錄為“UN”或“聯(lián)大”。4.口譯筆記使用大量常見(jiàn)略語(yǔ)，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on),esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard)標(biāo),usu(usually),等。1. 圖像( =會(huì)議, =世界、地球 )2. 符號(hào)( ？ ！.： ex.)3. 簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)或縮寫(xiě)(WTO APEC TW, HK, CH, 21C， GDPgross國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 5yrP

9、five yearplanSOE state owned enterprises-國(guó)有企業(yè) FIE-foreign invested enterprises外資企業(yè) JV合資企業(yè)joint venture)4. 原文( tie up, Hi-Tech, 危=危機(jī)、(危)（FC）基=基礎(chǔ))5. 譯文(人名，JKR,JFK組織名稱(chēng)WTO，專(zhuān)有名詞PRC US)二.常用速記符號(hào)二.常用速記符號(hào)E, 二.常用速記符號(hào)（d D）國(guó)與國(guó) 口口促進(jìn)，發(fā)展 上升，增加 下降，減少 進(jìn)入 im ex越來(lái)越強(qiáng)等 越來(lái)越弱等 雙向交流 接觸，交往 對(duì)立，沖突 分歧 波折 非常，十分重要 屬于 勝利 V堅(jiān)持 奇觀(guān) !

10、有關(guān) 一方面 另一方面 關(guān)系 問(wèn)題，疑問(wèn) ？但是 b/與比較而言 和，與 空洞 代表 關(guān)鍵 ！錯(cuò)誤 否 不 否定 正確，對(duì)，好，肯定 不同意 N同意 Y優(yōu)秀、 強(qiáng)，好 十 更強(qiáng)，更好 十 十弱，差 一更弱，更差 因?yàn)?所以 原因 導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果， 結(jié)論是 大于 小于 小于或等于 大于或等于 等于，意味著 不等于 約等于 替換為 三.口譯的原則1. 口譯為主，筆記為輔。譯者應(yīng)以聽(tīng)看講者，全面地吸收訊息、組成口譯訊息為工作主體，筆記只是輔助的作用，不宜舍本逐末。2. 筆記應(yīng)呈現(xiàn)訊息的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)。/無(wú)論用圖標(biāo)或文字與符號(hào)，都應(yīng)將之組成完整的訊息概念或組織結(jié)構(gòu)。3. 記下密度與難度高的訊息。訊息負(fù)荷過(guò)量且

11、不易記住的內(nèi)容（如數(shù)字、專(zhuān)有名詞），一定要做筆記。4. 筆記的內(nèi)容與符號(hào)，以多重利用為原則。中eGDP 萬(wàn)億任何已記下的筆記內(nèi)容與符號(hào)，都應(yīng)盡量拉線(xiàn)再次利用，或用不同顏色的筆在原來(lái)的筆記上再做筆記，以最經(jīng)濟(jì)的方式發(fā)揮筆記的作用到極限。5. 筆記的語(yǔ)言符號(hào)，必須能夠溝通。譯者應(yīng)避免使用自己不熟悉的符號(hào)，或是雙人合作時(shí)應(yīng)避免字跡凌亂。筆記紙大小，依譯者可控空間而定。譯者站立時(shí)，筆記本不宜超過(guò)手掌大小；有桌椅可用時(shí)，筆記可大至A4。 Today, I am very pleased to have the opportunity to visit this historical and presti

12、gious university, and to give a speech. 在國(guó)際金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)5年后的今天，在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)緩慢的恢復(fù)過(guò)程中，新的挑戰(zhàn)出現(xiàn)在各國(guó)面前。本周即將在中國(guó)大連舉行的夏季達(dá)沃斯論壇吸引了世界的目光，人們。期待從這里獲得中國(guó)政府的信號(hào)，感受正處于轉(zhuǎn)型關(guān)鍵！階段的中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的力量。Five years on from the start of the financial crisis, many countries now face new challenges as the world economy slowly recovers.The Summer Davos Fo

13、rum, which opens this week in Dalian, will be closely watched for signs of the state and strength of the Chinese economy, which finds itself at a crucial stage of transformation.The 21st century will witness a much more important role of the Peoples Republic of China in the Asian-Pacific region as well as in the world affairsThe United States and China should continue their joint efforts to strengthen the political and