1、會計學1Monitoring Site Selection1Monitoring Time Selection2Required Equipment3Collection methods4第1頁/共31頁1Segments that have very different water quality or pollution potential in specific areas should have more than one station.2Select monitoring sites that best represent water quality conditions of a

2、 water body.3Sites may be located below major pollution sources.第2頁/共31頁4Lakes and estuaries should have stations in the major arms and near the dam (reservoirs).5For routine monitoring in freshwater streams and rivers, sites must have either a stream flow gage or be suitable for conducting flow mea

3、surement. 6As a general rule, streams between 25 and 50 miles long require two stations.第3頁/共31頁1-4 times/monthSampling frequencyAccording to different programSummerseasonalSpringSummer第4頁/共31頁vBaseline monitoring includes samples collected over a range of flow conditions. vWhen samples are collecte

4、d during abnormally high or low flow, the abnormal conditions will be recorded in the field logbook and on the observation lines of the sample data form. 第5頁/共31頁Last rainfall information is very useful in interpreting historical data.Tidal considerationsThe same time in different days (eg. 8:00-10:

5、00 am)第6頁/共31頁第7頁/共31頁定量采樣方法：用采水器取水面以下0. 5m 至離湖底0. 5m 的混合水樣10L 。定性樣品用孔徑為6m 或10m的浮游生物網過濾獲得。Required Equipment第8頁/共31頁邊長1M45 cm9 cm63 cm第9頁/共31頁的1.5倍且包括斜溫層的深度。第10頁/共31頁lintergrated hose-pipe sampler - 5 m length of 2.5 cm diameter plastic piping with a weighted collar at one endla cord attache to the

6、hose and boatla rubber cork to fit one end of the hose第11頁/共31頁第12頁/共31頁Secchi depth.第13頁/共31頁For each visit to an individual station where field and/or samples are collected record the following:第14頁/共31頁第15頁/共31頁第16頁/共31頁第17頁/共31頁第18頁/共31頁第19頁/共31頁第20頁/共31頁從10L混合水樣中取1L作為 定量樣品，用Lugols 碘液固定并沉淀濃縮至50m

7、L ，作定量計數用。將部分樣品經酸處理，用于在油鏡下對硅藻進行鑒定。第21頁/共31頁第22頁/共31頁第23頁/共31頁第24頁/共31頁第25頁/共31頁為減少工作量，一般不對整個計數框內水樣中的浮游植物都計數，而只選取其中一部分樣品計數。選取過程是一個次級抽樣過程，故要考慮抽樣的大小和代表性，常用行格法和視野法。第26頁/共31頁acsVAnVAN式中：N浮游植物數量，cell/mL A計數框面積，mm2 Ac計數面積或視野面積，mm2 Vs 1L原水樣沉淀濃縮后的體積，mL Va計數框的容量，mL n 計數所得的浮游植物數目，cell第27頁/共31頁第28頁/共31頁l對于比較難判斷細胞數的群體，則任選20 個個體在高倍下觀察，測出細胞數，取平均值。l由于硅藻在直接觀察時無法定種，所以計數時先計算總的硅藻細胞數，然后將部分樣品酸處理后在油鏡下定種并計