1、 英語句子成分與高考主語(一) 主語的定義主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，是句子要描述的人或事物。（二）充當主語的詞和句子主語可以由名詞，動名詞，不定式，主語從句，代詞，數詞，及名詞化的形容詞和充當1 名詞During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.My English improved a lot as I used English everyday.2.代詞We often speak English in class.This means I could get up an hour lat

2、er than usual as schools in China began before 8.a.m.Everything is possible.Who is the man standing over there ?3.名詞化的形容詞（the +形容詞）The rich are not always happy .In new China the old are living a happy life.4. 動詞不定式To study hard is very important .To talk with him is a great pleasure To get there in

3、 time is impossible .Its nice -_( 聽到你的聲音)。It is better to laugh _(笑比哭好)。1. 動名詞Its dangerous _(玩火)。Its not easy_(be )the parents of a teenager._(Go ) to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me .注意， 用no good ,no use 作表語，主語只能用動名詞不能用不定式e,g Its no good _（smo

4、ke）.you should give it up. Its no use _( quarrel )with him.高考題1. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old .A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D .To swimming 2._in the Lijiang River is a great pleasure .A. Swim B.Swimming C.To swim D.To swimming3. What has made you so upset? -_ my new bike.

5、A.Lost B.Losing C.Because of losing D.Since I lost4. _ in a well-known university is what everybody wishes for .A. Educated B. To educate C. Educating D. Being educated5. _ deserts into forests is the key to preventing sandstorms in the spring in some northern cities .A. Turn B. Having turned C. To

6、have turned D. Turing 6.主語從句 引導主語從句的連接詞有： what, ,which, who, whoever,whom ,whose, when, where, why, how, whether, that (1) _comes will be welcome.(2) _ breaks the law should be found out.(3) _ you go or stay at home wont make any difference.(4) _it rains or not makes no difference to me.(5) _the doc

7、tors really doubt is whether the mother will recover from the serious disease soon .(6) _ you need is more practice(7) _he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.(8) _caused the accident is still a completely mystery.(9) _they are reducing the price does not matter .(10) It not clear_ of t

8、hose will be chosen to do the job.(11) It hasnt been decided _they will leave for New York .(12) It is not clear _ he did it .(13) It is unknown yet _ he has gone .(14) _ the scientist will give us a lecture next week is true .(15) It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey .(16) _ Wang Fang l

9、ooked after the old woman a whole year moved us all .(17) _ the earth moves around the sun is known to us all .(18) (2008 山東 )_ was most important to her , she told me was her family .A. It B. This C. What D. As(19)( 2008 福建) _is known to us is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing

10、.A.It B.What C. As D.Which . (20) (2008 浙江) _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way .A. Anyone B .The one C. Whoever D. Who (21)( 2008 上海) It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life .(22) _ Taiwan has purchased a large q

11、uantity of arms from the US causes great tension in the Asian and Pacific district .A. What B. That C. It D. As( 23) (2011 湖南 ) Before a problem can be solved ,it must be obvious_ the problem is ._ .A. what . B. that C. which D. why 謂語謂語一般由動詞充當。動詞按其性質和用途可分成四種。1. 行為動詞（又稱為實義動詞）.包括及物動詞和不及物動詞。及物動詞是一定要帶賓

12、語意義才完整的動詞，如 see ,say , expect, reach, 等等。不及物動詞不能直接帶賓語 但可借助于一個介詞再帶賓語。常見不及物動詞如come, go ,arrive ,belong ,work, listen ,look etc.,e.g I missed Chinese food a lot at lunchtime .At the end of term, we held a class party .After lunch, we usually played on the school field .In class ,we should listen to the

13、 teacher carefully . 2 .聯(lián)系動詞 常見的聯(lián)系動詞有：be , get ,become ,turn ,grow ,go , stay , remain ,keep , look , smell ,taste ,sound ,feel, seem , prove , fall .etc.聯(lián)系動詞后常接形容詞和名詞做表語。e.g. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke .It was a bit challenging for me at first .I felt lucky as all my teachers were very hel

14、pful. The eggs have all gone bad .What he said sounds reasonable .Our country is becoming more and more powerful .3. 情態(tài)動詞You mustnt drink it , it is poisonous .He dare not go there .John studies so hard that he may pass the examination .A wise man may sometimes make a mistake .Look what you have don

15、e , you should have been more careful.4.助動詞 ：幫助構成時態(tài) ， 被動語態(tài) ，疑問句和否定句的詞。幫助構成被動語態(tài)的助動詞是 be .幫助構成完成時態(tài)的助動詞有have ,has had .幫助構成進行時態(tài)的助動詞是be .幫助構成否定句和疑問句的助動詞是do , does 和 did .E .g It has never snowed in Hongkong .Daniel has lived in Beijing since he came to China .The sun had risen when we got to the top of

16、the mountain .The teacher is respected by all his students .賓語1.名詞作賓語In woodwork class I made a small table .Sometimes I played football with the boys .2.代詞作賓語Though it didnt look like a table when it was finished, I still liked it very much .3.不定式做賓語（1）希望 ：hope ,want ,expect ,desire, wish .e.g We a

17、ll hope to become scientists . We all want to take part in the sports meets .They expect to see their mother （2） 計劃和打算： plan ,intend , mean E.g They are planning to visit London .I fully intended to pay for the damage. I meant to visit the famous writer ,but I was too busy last week .I am sorry I hu

18、rt you .but I didnt mean to .(3). 同意 ， 承諾，拒絕 ：agree , promise, refuse e.g He agreed to let me go early .My father promised me to bye me a new bike as my birthday gift .He refused to discussed the matter .Einstein once refused _ on the radio for $ 10 00 a minute.A . speaking B. to speak C. speak D. s

19、poken We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet .A having met B. to meet C. to have met D。 meet Tom _ when they spoke ill of him .A. happened to be passed by B .happened to be passing byC .happened passing by D。 happened by（4） 其它接動詞不定式的動詞：happen, decide, try, manage ,I managed to get there

20、 in five minutes .4. 動名詞作賓語避免 錯過 少延期 （avoid ,miss, delay ,put off ,postpone .）建議 完成 多練習 （suggest, advise recommend ,finish ,practice ）喜歡 想象 經不住 （enjoy ,appreciate imagine ,cant help ）承認 否定 與嫉妒 （admit , deny ,envy ）逃脫 冒險 請原諒 （escape, risk , forgive ）忍受 保持 不介意 （stand , keep ,mind ）1. Our teacher sugge

21、sted _ (have ) a discussion of the subject .2. We delayed_(hold ) the meeting for two weeks .3. The old professor wanted a quiet room for the night because he just couldnt stand _ (sleep ) in a noisy room .4. Would you mind _ (turn ) down your radio a little please ?5. A lot of students enjoy _ (col

22、lect )stamps .6. We must try to avoid _ ( repeat ) the same mistakes.7. The price of food keeps _ ( go ) up.8. . The wounded soldier escaped _ ( kill) in the fighting 9. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ .A. catching B. to be caught C。 being caught D. to catch 10 .（2006 江蘇）- There is a

23、 story here in the paper about a 110 year _old man .- My goodness ! I cant imagine _ that old .A . to be B. to have been B. being D. having been 11.（2006 北京） I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office .She just refuses _ talking while she works .A working ; stopping B. to work ; stopping C. working

24、 ; to stop D. to work to stop 12. Mary cant help _ the room because she is busy with her homework .A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 介詞賓語We had no difficulty in working out the problem .The boy spent a lot of time playing football.He succeeded in solving the problem .Thank you for

25、telling me the good news .The teacher scolded the naughty boy for being late .I apologize for not having kept my promise .(2007遼寧) You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm .A. walked B . walk C. to walk D. walking注意下面短語中的to 都是介詞 后面要接名詞或者動名詞做賓語refer to pay attention to stick to

26、 devote oneself to be used to look forward to object to lead to submit to contribute to1. I am the boss here ! I am not used to _ what to do .A. told B. telling C. be told D. being told 2.The foreign friends whom you referred to _ looking forward to _ around our country .A. be ,be showing B. are , b

27、e shownC. being, showing D. are , being shown3. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic ocean in five days .A. sail B. to sail C . sailing D . to have sailed 4. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling5. Its a good habit to practic

28、e _English aloud in the morning .A. to read B. reading C. in reading D. to be reading 6.Mr. Black gave up _only a few weeks ago .A . teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaching 7. We are looking forward to _another chance _ it againA be , to try B. give , trying C. giving ,trying D. having , to try 8. D

29、uring the year the president turned his attention to _ agriculture .A. improve B. improvement C. improving D. improved 9. He didnt like _like that .A. being laughed at B. laughing at C. having laughed at D. to laugh at 10. While shopping , people sometimes cant help_ into buying something they dont

30、really need .A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D, be persuaded 11. Paul didnt mind _- to the party .A. to invite B. having not been invited C .not being invited D .not having been invited12. On his birthday the little boy looked forward to _ a gift by his parents .A . give B. given C.

31、giving D. being given 13.The little boy entered the room without _ .A. noticed B. being noticed C. notice D. noticing 14. While we are developing agriculture and industry we must prevent the earth _ A. from polluting B. polluted C. being polluted D. polluting 15. Having been ill in bed for nearly a

32、month , he had a hard time _ the exam .A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing 動名詞作形容詞的賓語 1. I consider the film _ .A. worth seeing B. worth see C. worth being seen D. worth to be seen 2.What do you think of the book? - Oh excellent . Its worth _ a second time .A. to read B. to be read C. reading D.

33、 being read 3. Though it sounds a bit too dear, it is well worth _ .A. to be bought B. buying C. bought D. being bought 5. 賓語從句（1） I am not sure _ he will be here in time .(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring ? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice

34、put (3) Philip asked me _ would support us ?（4） Do you know _ winter is colder than summer ? (5) I couldnt tell you _ his home was .(6) Do you remember _ he solved the problem ?（7） Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _ A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she

35、is getting along D . what is she getting along (8) Nobody knew _ . A. where he comes from B. where he was from C. where he is from D. where does he come from (9) We dont know _ I should go away .A. that B. if or not C. whether or not D. where (10) You can write _ topic you can think of .A. whatever

36、B. what C. that D. which(11) I dont doubt _he will come . A . that B. if C what D. whether (12) I am sorry _I have caused so much trouble . A. that B. for C. as D. since （13）（2010 湖南）Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry .A. where B . whether

37、C. that D. why(14) (2008 湖南)When asked _they need most, the kids said they want to feel important and loved.A. what B. why C. whom D. which (15).(2011衡陽市聯(lián)考一)。If a rush of danger is _ it takes to see him, then thats what I ll find .A. what B. which C. why D. how(16)（. 2011衡陽市聯(lián)考二）I still doubt _the pr

38、ice of houses in Beijing or Shanghai will go down, but it remains to be seen .A. how B. whether C. why D. that(17) (衡陽市聯(lián)考二) Living a full life is not focus on _ you dont have .A. that B. which C. what D. it 賓語補足語：在賓語后面補充說明賓語的句子成分能夠充當賓語補足語的有：1.名詞。They made Professor Zhang Chairman of the meeting .She

39、 made Joe her assistant .2.形容詞She found the job less and less attractive .We found the ruins most interesting .3. 動詞不定式能接動詞不定式作賓補的動詞有：warn， ask ,expect , get, order , persuade ,allow ,permit, encourage ,recommend , advise , make , have ,let , see , hear, watch, notice ,listen ,等等。They believed him t

40、o be honest .Professor Zhangs speech made us all _( laugh ).The doctor warned him _ (not smoke ).His parents encouraged him _ (去國外)。高考鏈接（1）. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills .A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D .me to take （2） Mr. Smith warned her da

41、ughter _ after drinking .(never drive )4.分詞I will get my watch _ (repair ).Will you please get my bike _( send ) to my hotel ?-I cant see the words on the blackboard .- Perhaps you need to have your eyes _ (examine ).The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _ (hear ).The managers

42、discussed the plan they would like to see _ the next year .A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 2010(湖南高考) Listen ! Do you hear someone _ for help ? A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 5.介詞短語We found ourselves in the middle of a desert .6.從句I asked my mother if I could go

43、with them .Could you tell me whether it snows in winter in Australia ?My friend wouldnt tell me _ his new car .A. did he pay how much B. he paid how much for C. how much did he pay D. how much he paid for表語： 在系動詞后表明主語的性質，狀態(tài)， 身份的句子成分。能充當表語的有：1.名詞。Cristas father is an engineer.2.代詞Money is not everyth

44、ing .-Who is it ?- Its me .3.形容詞Your answer is right .She was sad when I went to see her .He looks young though he is approaching 50.I failed the maths test ! I am so upset .Im so happy ! Mum and Dad bought me a bike .4.分詞The situation is embarrassing .The story is moving .The door remains locked .I

45、t was a bit challenging foe me at first .5.不定式My job is _ (look )after these children .Her wish is _ (become ) a doctor .We are _ (visit ) the large factory .5.表語從句高考鏈接（1）Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _ worries the public .A. why B. which C. that D. what (2) His ability

46、 has never been in doubt ， the question is _ he is prepared to work hard .A. Whether B. If C. that D. where定語；修飾某一名詞或代詞的成分。能夠充當定語的有：1. 形容詞Having seen the situation, a wealthy American business man ,Charles Yerkes tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the un

47、derground group .2. 名詞。Book store vegetable garden coffee cup life experience 高考題He dropped the _ and broke it .A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup 3. 分詞China is a developing country .Who is that man standing there ?The police found the stolen car .Do you know the girl st

48、anding under the tree ?Most people invited to the party were famous scientists.高考鏈接Many things _ impossible in the past are common today .A. being considered B. considering C . to be considered D. considered .不定式I have some clothes to wash/to be washed .Have you anything else to say ?I have an impor

49、tant meeting to attend . I need a piece of paper to write _ . We have to find a hotel to stay _ ,its getting dark .She was the first to speak at the meeting .The meeting _ (hold ) this evening is of great importance .Are you going to attend the meeting _ next Saturday ?A. holding B. hold C. will be held D. to be hold 定語從句做題關鍵1. 找準先行詞 2. 分析定語從句中所缺的句子成分重點考點- 關系代詞as ,which ,that ,who, whom, whose 的用法考點一先行詞指物時關系代詞that 和 which的區(qū)別下列兩種情況關系代詞只能用which:（1）直接在介詞后作賓語（2）在非限制性定語從句中 , 先行詞指物， 從句中缺少一個主語或者賓語。1. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows ,most