1、汽車減震器畢業設計篇一：減震器畢業設計論文畢業設計（論文）減震器設計摘要：在鉆井作業中，由于井底凹凸不平造成鉆頭頻繁跳轉，如果鉆頭與鉆鋌直接連接，則整個鉆蛀將于鉆頭一起加速上下運動，產生強烈的震動，破壞最優鉆井條件，降低鉆頭和鉆具壽命。甚至破壞鉆井設備。液壓減震器不同于單純以硅油等液體為工作介質的液壓減震器，亦不同于單純采用減震彈簧作為彈性元件的機械減震器。該減震器是在二者的基礎上，克服了單向減震器的缺點，集成二者的優點而研發的新型井下工具。它具有彈性剛度自動調節.連件強度高.性能穩定.工作可靠.工作壽命長等有點。本文研究的主要主要內容有：對液壓減震器的結構設計，結構設計主要是確定減振器的類型

2、、布置形式、安裝角度和選用數量，這是進行尺寸設計的基礎。對液壓減震器的尺寸設計，尺寸設計的過程主要包括相對阻尼系數以及最大卸荷力的確定，減振器工作缸、活塞、以及相關零部件的尺寸計算完成結構設計與尺寸設計后應對減振器的強度和穩定性進行校核，校核的結果應符合國家相關技術標準。 本文的研究成果對減振器的進一步研究有重要的理論和實際應用意義. 關鍵詞：液壓式； 減振器；液壓缸 畢業設計（論文） Shock absorber design Abstract: In the drilling operation, due to the bottom hole uneven causing frequent

3、 jumps of the drill bit, drill bit and drill collars are directly connected, the entire borer will drill with accelerated up and down movement, produced a strong shock, destruction of the optimum drilling conditions, reduce drill and drill life. Even destruction of the drilling equipment. Hydraulic

4、mechanical drill string shock absorber is different from the pure liquid silicone oil as the working medium hydraulic shock absorber, mechanical shock absorbers are also different from the simple shock absorber spring as an elastic element. The shock absorber is on the basis of the two, to overxxe t

5、he shortxxings of the one-way shock absorber, to integrate the advantages of both the research and development of new down hole tools. It has automatic adjustment of the elastic stiffness. Even pieces intensity. Stable performance and reliable work. Long working life a little.The main content of thi

6、s study :The design to the structure of the gasification type shock absorber. It mainly determines the types of the shock absorber, layouts, the angle of installing and the quantity of selecting, these are the foundation of the designing of the sizes.The design to the size of the gasification type s

7、hock absorber. It includes relative damping coefficient, the determination of the biggest discharge strength, and the xxputing of the sizes of work cylinder, piston, connecting rod, valve and related spare parts.After xxpleting the structural design and the designing of the sizes, the shock absorber

8、 intensity and the stability should be checked, the results should conform to the country related technical standards.This study results have important theoretical and practical significance for further study of the shock absorber. Key words: Hydraulic ;Shock absorber; Cylinder 畢業設計（論文）目 錄1 緒 論 

9、3;·················································

10、3;···································· 11.1 選題的目的和意義 ···········&

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12、#183;······ 11.2 減振器的發展歷史 ········································

13、3;··························· 11.3 減振器的分類 ····················

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15、83;··· 21.4 液壓減振器國內外發展狀況和發展趨勢 ········································ 31.5 研究的主要內容及方

16、法 ·················································

17、3;············ 4 2 減振器的類型和工作原理 ···································

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19、183;················································ 52.2減震器

20、形式的選擇 ·················································

21、·················· 52.3 減振器的工作原理 ·····························

22、83;······································ 62.4 減振器的結構.工作原理及優點 ········

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25、;···················· 72.6 減震器的使用措施及注意事項··························

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28、3;········· 93.1 減震器數據的選擇 ······································&

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30、183;············································ 113.4 上接頭凸臺校核 ···

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32、;·················· 123.5 螺紋的選擇 ·····························

33、3;··············································· 133.6 螺紋牙的強度校核

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35、·················· 133.7 花鍵的設計與選擇 ·····························&#

36、183;······································ 16 4密封元件 ·········

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39、183;······································· 204.2 密封元件常用的材料 ·······

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41、83;······· 204.3 密封盤根 ········································

42、83;······································· 24 5 液壓減震器的使用方法 ·······

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45、183;······················ 285.2 下井前的檢查 ·························

46、················································· 285.3

47、 起鉆后的檢查 ················································

48、3;························· 285.4 注意事項 ······················

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50、3;······· 285.5 維修與試驗 ········································

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53、183;··············· 295.7 組裝 ································

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55、3;··· 295.8 注油 ·············································

56、········································· 30 6 結 論 ·······&#

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58、183;································ 31 參考文獻 ················

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62、3;···· 33 I畢業設計（論文）1 緒 論1.1 選題的目的和意義減振器主要是用于減小或削弱振動對設備與人員影響的一個部件。它起到衰減和吸收振動的作用。使得某些設備及人員免受不良振動的影響, 起到保護設備及人員正常工作與安全的作用, 因此它廣泛應用于各種機械的頻繁起降等, 對減振器的要求愈來愈高。人們不但要求安全可靠, 而且要求旅途舒適, 對此減振器起著舉足輕重的作用。1.2 減振器的發展歷史世界上第一個有記載、比較簡單的減振器是1897年由兩個姓吉明的人發明的。他們把橡膠塊與葉片彈簧的端部相連，當懸架被完全壓縮時，橡膠減振塊就碰到連接在汽車大梁上

63、的一個螺栓，產生止動。這種減振器在很多現代汽車懸架上仍有使用，但其減振效果很小。1898年，第一個實用的減振器由一法國人特魯芬特研制成功并被安裝到摩托賽車上。該車的前叉懸置于彈簧上，同時與一個摩擦阻尼件相連，以防止摩托車的振顫。減振器的結構發展主要經歷了以下幾種發展形式：加布里埃爾減振器，它是由固定在汽車大梁上的罩殼和裝在其里面的渦旋形鋼帶組成，鋼帶通過一個彈簧保持其張力，鋼帶的外端與車橋軸端連接，以限制由振動引起的彈跳量。平衡彈簧式減振器，這是加到葉片彈簧上的一種輔助螺旋彈簧。由于每一個彈簧都有不同的諧振頻率，它們趨向于抵消各自的振顫，但同時也增大了懸架的剛性，所以很快就停止了使用1。空氣彈

64、簧減振器，空氣彈簧不僅兼有彈簧和吸振的作用，而且常常可省去金屬彈簧。第一個空氣彈簧減振器是1909年由英國考溫汽車工廠研制成功的。它是一個圓柱形的空氣筒，利用打氣筒可以把空氣經外殼上部的氣閥注滿空氣筒，空氣筒的下半部分容納一個由橡膠和簾布制成的膜片。因為它被空氣所包圍，所以其工作原理與充氣輪胎相似，它的主要缺點是常常泄漏空氣。液壓減振器，第一個實用的液壓減振器是1908年由法國人霍迪立設計的。液壓減振器的原理是迫使液流通過小孔產生阻尼作用。通常的筒式減振器是由一個與汽車底盤固定的帶有節流小孔的活塞和一個與懸架或車橋固定的圓柱形貯液筒組成。門羅在1933年為赫德森制造的汽車裝用了第一個采用原始液

65、壓減振器的汽車。到了二十世紀三十年代末，雙作用減振器在美國生產的汽車上被普遍采用。到了二十世紀六十年代，歐洲采用的杠桿式液壓減振器占了優勢，這種減 1畢業設計（論文）振器與哈德福特的摩擦式減振原理相似，但使用的是液流而不是摩擦緩沖襯墊。麥弗遜支柱式減振器，隨著前輪驅動汽車的出現，二十世紀七十年代以來，制造商開始采用麥弗遜式減振器。這種減振器是二十世紀六十年代通用公司麥弗遜工程師研制成功的。他把螺旋彈簧、液壓減振器和上懸架臂桿組成一個緊湊的部件。其主要優點是體積小，適合前輪驅動汽車，可在與變速器組成一體的驅動橋上應用。另外，有一種電子控制減振器，能根據道路狀況、車速和驅動形式自動調節懸架軟、中、

66、硬三種剛度。該減振器通過在汽車保險杠下方裝有一個帶聲納的測量部件監測路面狀況，把測得的數據輸入處理單元，然后調節減振器中的按鍵，以改變液流通道的尺寸。充氣式減振器是二十世紀六七十年代以來發展起來的一種新型減振器。充氣式減振器的特殊結構和充氣參數，可以大大地降低噪音，并有利于保證活塞高速運動時的阻尼特征，同時減振器上的減振支柱實質上屬于雙筒結構，它除了阻尼減振還有如下附加功能：他和控制臂一起對車輪進行導向2。1.3減振器的分類根據減振器的結構、材料與用途不同, 減振器可分為以下幾種：橡膠減振器減振器由天然橡膠及聚氯丁之類合成橡膠材料制成。該減振器經濟方便, 對振動阻尼作用。近年, 又出現一種金屬

67、橡膠減振器, 性能優于傳統橡膠減振器。但低溫時彈性下降、高溫時易變形, 不適于高頻下工作, 有“彈性后效”現象等。因此只能用于減振要求不高的場合。金屬彈簧減振器分為螺旋彈簧與板簧減振器：該減振器能適應于各種環境與溫度下使用, 力學性能較穩定, 剛度范圍廣,高頻時, 失去減振作用, 因此, 目前, 液壓減振器已經得到了廣泛地應用特別是在一些關鍵裝備上, 如飛機的起落架、導彈的發射架、各種汽車、摩托車、輪船等需減振的設備上。液壓減振器是以液壓油為工作介質并利用油的黏性阻尼作用, 在節流口或閥的前后形成一定的壓差, 將振動的動能變成液體的壓力能衰減和吸收振動。電流變液和磁流變液減振器：電、磁流變液都

68、是懸濁液, 在外加電、磁場作用, 下其黏度可連續變化, 由美國人W.Winslow 和J.Rabinow于20 世紀40 年代后期發現, 從20 世紀80 年代末起將其應用于阻尼可調減振器。電、磁流變液減振器具有阻尼連續調節, 響應快等優點, 但是還存在一些問題: 電、磁流變液的粒子沉降、溫度穩定性, 電、磁流變液減振器的設計誤差補償、使用壽命、維修等, 其產業化應用還需要進一步的研究。氣體控制阻尼可調減振器：氣體控制阻尼可調減振器必須與空氣彈簧配合使用。阻尼變化規律是:當空氣彈簧中氣壓升高時, 阻力增大, 反之則減小, 不 2篇二：汽車減振器的設計 畢 業 論 文（設 計） 題目： 轎車減震

69、器的設計 （英文）：院 別： 專 業：姓 名：學 號：指導教師：日 期： 轎車減震器的設計 摘 要本文設計出適用于中國一般城市道路使用的雙作用筒式減振器。首先，根據轎車的質量算出減振器的阻尼系數，確定缸體結構參數，然后建立流體力學模型，先選定一條理想的減振器標準阻尼特性曲線，然后利用逼近理想阻尼特性曲線的方法，進行各閥、系的設計計算；在此基礎上，設計出整個減震器，并對主要部件的強度進行了校核。 關鍵詞：雙作用筒式減振器；流體力學模型；理想特性曲線；強度校核 轎車減振器的設計Shock Absorber Design of carAbstractThe double use of drum sh

70、ock absorber which applicable to the general city road conditions in China is designed in the paper. First of all, the damping coefficient of the shock absorber is calculated according to the quality of car. The parameters of the cylinder structure are determined. And then a hydrodynamic model is se

71、t up. The valve and the Department are calculated and the designed by using the way of approach to the damping characteristics of the ideal standard shock absorber curve. After that a set of the double use of drum shock absorber is designed. The strength of the main parts of the shock absorber is checked. Key words: Double use of shock absorber; hydrodynamic model; characteristics of the ideal curve; strength checkin